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APPLICATION NOTE AN255-02 I²C / SMBus REPEATERS, HUBS AND EXPANDERS
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... or longer I2C or SMBus system where the following constraints previously restricted its size: a) More I2C devices or larger wiring capacitance than the 400 pF maximum allowed in the I2C specification. b) Long bus wiring or backplanes c) Different operating supply voltages or logic voltage levels wit ...
Untitled
Untitled

Low Power Consumption (cont.)
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... When the voltage monitoring 1 interrupt/reset enable bit (LVD1RIE) is set to 1 (enabling generation of a reset or interrupt by the voltage detection circuit) and the voltage monitoring 1 circuit mode select bit (LVD1RI) is set to 1 (selecting generation of a reset in response to detection of a low v ...
MAX19993 Dual, SiGe, High-Linearity, 1200MHz to 1700MHz Downconversion Mixer with LO Buffer/Switch
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... The MAX19993 dual-channel downconverter is designed to provide 6.4dB of conversion gain, +27dBm input IP3, 15.4dBm 1dB input compression point, and a noise figure of 9.8dB for 1200MHz to 1700MHz diversity receiver applications. With an optimized LO frequency range of 1000MHz to 1560MHz, this mixer i ...
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... Life Guideline of the FR-A700 Guideline of JEMA*3 Cooling fan ...
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... a single-ended input. This is accomplished by connecting the on-chip reference voltage, VBB, to the inverting or noninverting input of the differential input as a reference. For example, the differential CLK, CLK input is converted to a noninverting, single-ended input by connecting VBB to CLK and c ...
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... Figure 21.Reset Comparator Propagation Delay vs. Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Figure 22.Power-up trec vs. Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Figure 23.Normalized Reset Threshold vs. Temperature . ...
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... *2: The EMC filter is always enabled for the 200V 0.75K and 1.5K inverters of which leakage current is generally low. (No connector is provided for these models.) The common mode choke installed at the input side of the 55K- or lower-capacity inverter is always enabled and unaffected by the ON/OFF s ...
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... Logic diagram (STM690/802/804/805) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Logic diagram (STM704/806) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Logic diagram (STM795) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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