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IES - Intro and MCU Design
IES - Intro and MCU Design

... – Cells can be modeled as having a constant capacity (1 amp-hour = 3600 coulombs = 3600 amp-seconds) (less accurate) • Battery life (hours) = capacity (amp-hours)/current (amps) ...
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... flows past a point in a circuit in 1 second. Charge = current x time (C) (A) (s) If a current of 5 A is flowing then 5 C of charge pass a point in 1 second. In general, if a steady current I (amperes) flows for time t (seconds) the charge Q (coulombs) passing any point is ...
Using a 12 volt tester, (looks like an ice pick with alligator clip and
Using a 12 volt tester, (looks like an ice pick with alligator clip and

... solenoid, lighting system, CDI, and starter button ( covers most motorcycle systems). When the starter button is depressed, voltage flows to the starter solenoid. It becomes an electro-magnet and moves the internal electrical contact. High current flows to the starter motor for starting the engine. ...
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CBSE Physics Set I Delhi Board 2009
CBSE Physics Set I Delhi Board 2009

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... + and – charges Both attract Neutral) Know that static charges can be transferred from one object to another. Know how electrons move in objects to produce induced charges when another charged object is brought close but not touching. Know some practical applications of and dangers of static electri ...
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... other extreme, where the frequency gets large, you probably have no a priori expectations. Plotting the behavior as a function of frequency (see Figure 3), you will find that the amplitude of VC (t) vanishes, while the amplitude of VR (t) goes to Vs , while the phase difference between the applied v ...
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... in the ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS table in the datasheet we indicate 14V as DC Input Voltage limit. This means that the device can withstand till 14V just for few instants, seconds or even minutes if no further stress are applied; on the contrary 12V is the operative limit. Therefore if the power supp ...
Electricity
Electricity

< 1 ... 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 ... 2207 >

Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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