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Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating current
Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating current

Design Review - ECE Senior Design
Design Review - ECE Senior Design

ppt - MakeItOrTakeIt
ppt - MakeItOrTakeIt

... LEDs are semiconductor devices are made out of silicon ...
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... lighting is that there is no easy way to transfer power from one d.c. circuit to another. Because the generator and the light bulbs must then be part of the same circuit, safety requires that the entire circuit uses low voltage and large current. Alternating current makes it easy to transfer power f ...
(MS)-07 - RC Circuit with Time Constant
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logical_circuits - Kent State University
logical_circuits - Kent State University

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... • Diodes are electronic components that can be used to regulate the potential difference in circuits • Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) give off light and are often used for indicator lights in electrical equipment ...
3A Linear Regulator Can Be Easily Paralleled to Spread Power and
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... value, regardless of output voltage. Since bypassing does not affect loop response, two noise sources can be eliminated: the reference current noise and resistor shot noise are quieted using a single capacitor. This leaves only the error amplifier noise at the output, and again, that stays at a fixe ...
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Product Manual - 3B Scientific

Lab 2 - University of Colorado Boulder
Lab 2 - University of Colorado Boulder

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... as the frequency f and the phase shift phi (from the time shift of the peaks) between V0 and VR. Calculate XL= L and XC=1/ C using the measured values for L and C. ...
< 1 ... 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 ... 2207 >

Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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