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... 1) A battery provides a current of 2A for 2 hours. What was its capacity? 2) Another battery has a capacity of 10Ah. If it runs out after half an hour what current was being drawn? 3) A mobile phone battery has a capacity of 1100mAh. If it runs on a current of 250mA when being used in a phone call h ...
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Voltage Divider/Wheatstone Bridge Lab

DN05091/D: 3 LED Low Voltage Parallel-to
DN05091/D: 3 LED Low Voltage Parallel-to

... One important consideration of this class of circuit is the absolute prevention of flicker near the switching point. Brief undulations in LED current could be visible and unpleasant. Even changes in the microsecond range can be visible sometimes. To make sure flickering is impossible a couple specia ...
Extension worksheet – Topic 6 - Cambridge Resources for the IB
Extension worksheet – Topic 6 - Cambridge Resources for the IB

... Electrons leave a metallic surface of area A at a rate of R electrons per unit time per unit area. The average electron speed is v. Deduce that the current leaving the surface is I  ReA and is thus independent of the electron speed. ...
Control-Mode Quick Reference Guide
Control-Mode Quick Reference Guide

... Constant On-Time with Emulated Ripple Mode (COT with ERM) A variation of the COT regulator that senses a portion of the low-side MOSFET’s off-time current and injects it into the error comparator to emulate ripple. This control mode has the same fast transient response and fewer external component a ...
Electric Current
Electric Current

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Download T2400 Datasheet
Download T2400 Datasheet

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Vacuum tubes
Vacuum tubes

... Usually lower cost than tubes, especially in small-signal circuits Smaller than equivalent tubes Can be combined in one die to make integrated circuit Lower power consumption than equivalent tubes, especially in small-signal circuits Less waste heat than equivalent tubes Can operate on low-voltage s ...
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Spice Lecture

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Report - Sites@PSU

... The output of both voltage regulators stayed well within this range for a variety of different loads. For the voltage into the regulator input, the specification was -24 V while in our circuit it ranged from -23.6 V to -27.8V with the ripple. With a maximum ripple of 3.6 V, the voltage into the regu ...
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Teaching Plan - Portal UniMAP

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2N3055 MJ2955

... Information in this document is provided solely in connection with ST products. STMicroelectronics NV and its subsidiaries (“ST”) reserve the right to make changes, corrections, modifications or improvements, to this document, and the products and services described herein at any ...
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... The solution to transients problems is the installation of surge protection equipment. While some utilities install surge suppression equipment on their distribution lines it is still necessary for the customer to install equipment in their home or business. Wiring solutions include using special ci ...
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Document
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... • The EU EMC Directive 89/336/EEG mandates control of EMC in electrical equipment • The EMC Directive specifies two essential requirements: – The device must not interfere with radio or telecommunications equipment operation and must not perturb the environment ...
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Principles of Telecommunications Technology

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Jeopardy Review (PowerPoint)

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Tesla coil - schoolphysics
Tesla coil - schoolphysics

< 1 ... 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 ... 2207 >

Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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