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...  At the next stage (d) the main contact M has moved to tap B, so that it is once again carrying the load current, but now from the new tap. P however is still on tap A, so that the current from the shorted turns is limited by the upper half of the resistance.  Finally the moving member is at posit ...
Nature of Electricity
Nature of Electricity

... we are moving through air as it offers such little resistance to our motion. But compare moving through air with moving through water which offers significant resistance to our motion. It's the same for a current moving through a conductor... ...
Transistor Circuits XIV
Transistor Circuits XIV

... considerations, we could increase the resistance of R1 (reduce the current since there is no more split from the parallel consideration of R2 and the transistor). (b) It would not be a good idea as now the transistor becomes a base-biased circuit, which is not temperature independent due to hFE (β) ...
PDF
PDF

Click of this link to get an overview of class equipment
Click of this link to get an overview of class equipment

... 60 Hz noise in the system. To check this, change the triggering source to line. This will cause the scope to trigger on the power line signal which is 60 Hz. If the noisy signal stabilizes, this means you have 60 Hz noise problems. Check your ground to ensure that your system has a ground and the sc ...
Advanced Common-Mode Control techniques for Low
Advanced Common-Mode Control techniques for Low

... A) OCMFB loops for buffered LV FD amplifiers: CMFB networks for the control of the output CM voltage component in FD amplifiers, have been addressed [3]. However, most of the traditional CM sense circuits cannot be used in very LV applications. The key problem is due to the FD amplifier voltage sign ...
MAT04 Data Sheet
MAT04 Data Sheet

... In the voltage controlled attenuator, the input signal modulates the stage current of each differential pair. Op amps A2 and A3 in conjunction with transistors Q5 and Q6 form voltage-to-current converters that transform a single input voltage into differential currents which form the stage currents ...
Electrical Meters, using
Electrical Meters, using

... you attempt to use one. This analysis is not meant to replace a course on meter usage. Always keep in mind that power can have more than one source and capacitors can store large amounts of voltage. Hold the test leads as far back from the metal tips as possible and never test while you're wet or in ...
Webtrain Decoupling
Webtrain Decoupling

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20-1,2,3,4,5
20-1,2,3,4,5

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Electronic Ballast Fundamentals

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17.12 Electrical resistance and Ohm`s law

R 2 + - UET Taxila
R 2 + - UET Taxila

... •Low pass filter •High pass filter •Band pass filter •Cascading (2 or more filters connected together) ...
CIRCUIT FUNCTION AND BENEFITS
CIRCUIT FUNCTION AND BENEFITS

Name: Notes – 21.1 Resistors in Series and Parallel 1. Most circuits
Name: Notes – 21.1 Resistors in Series and Parallel 1. Most circuits

... Notes – 21.1 Resistors in Series and Parallel 1. Most circuits have more than one component, called a resistor that limits the flow of charge in the circuit. A measure of this limit on charge flow is called ____________. 2. Label which resistors are in series and which are in parallel. ...
R R V V = R R RR VV = = V = V R R R R V V = 5.45.7 1250 750
R R V V = R R RR VV = = V = V R R R R V V = 5.45.7 1250 750

... A series connection of two or more resistors forms a voltage divider. The voltage supplied to the series connection is divided into voltages in the same ratio as the resistances of the components in the unloaded voltage divider. If the voltage divider is loaded, the resistance of the load must be ta ...
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File

... 15. Tommy runs his juicer every morning. The juicer uses 90 W of Power and the current supplied is 4.5 A. How many volts are necessary to run the juicer? 16. Amanda’s hair dryer requires 11A of current from a 110 V outlet. How much power does it use? 17. A DC electric motor transforms 1.50 kW of ele ...
Operational Amplifiers in Chemical Instrumentation
Operational Amplifiers in Chemical Instrumentation

... Operational amplifiers, one of the oldest types of semiconductors, have outlived their technological contemporaries and remain in strong demand. Oddly enough, the more complicated digital functions become, the more designers demand op amps. Despite its maturity, the market for these analog chips con ...
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DAC,Diodes and TRIACS

Section 1 Electric Charge
Section 1 Electric Charge

Name____________ FR Electricity Practice Use a separate piece of
Name____________ FR Electricity Practice Use a separate piece of

... water in a glass beaker. 24 V battery with negligible internal resistance provides the power. The three resistors may be connected in series or in parallel. a. i. If they are connected in series, what power is developed in the circuit? ii. If they are connected in parallel, what power is developed i ...
STK730-080
STK730-080

Chapter 19: Methods of AC Analysis
Chapter 19: Methods of AC Analysis

Mitsubishi Electric to Ship InGaP HBT Power Amplifier for WiMAX Terminals. (PDF:39KB)
Mitsubishi Electric to Ship InGaP HBT Power Amplifier for WiMAX Terminals. (PDF:39KB)

... In the past, Mitsubishi Electric has released a series of InGaP HBT power amplifiers — the small-size MGFS36Exxxx for WiMAX terminals used in mobile and fixed-line communications, and the MGFS39Exxxx, which features industry-leading output power combined with low distortion. The company now adds the ...
EXPERIMENT TITLE : To verify Thevenin’s Theorem for DC circuit.
EXPERIMENT TITLE : To verify Thevenin’s Theorem for DC circuit.

... Circuit Diagram: (A) For load current (IL) and Load Resistance (RL) A IL ...
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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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