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AK8111 - Asahi Kasei Microdevices
AK8111 - Asahi Kasei Microdevices

... (1) Stress beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only. Functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “Recommended Operating Conditions” is not implied. Exposure to abs ...
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High Stability, Low Noise, Push-Push VFO
High Stability, Low Noise, Push-Push VFO

... The signal produced by two identical Clapp oscillators has equal frequencies but they are forced 180° out-of-phase by the connection of the transistor drains. As an innovation of the circuit, the source capacitors of the two oscillators use the same feedback capacitor (C1). The signal at the common ...
Using equivalence resistance to calculate current
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... 31. A 3-pin plug is connected to a boiler with a rating of "2000 W, 200 V". Which of the following statements is/are true? (1) A 5A fuse should be used in the circuit. (2) The fuse should be placed on the brown wire of the cable. (3) The yellow and the green wire of the cable should be connected to ...
RM260N - Neptronic
RM260N - Neptronic

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... case of a reference voltage, VRef= 1.38 V are shown in Fig. 8. The figure clearly shows that the voltage levels are not critical for device operation, but adaptation during positioning does reduce the ripple (= position uncertainty) of the on-off control. The best results obtained so far using the m ...
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12 Watt “Mini” Boost Power Factor Corrector

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... DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF FAIRCHILD SEMICONDUCTOR INTERNATIONAL. As used herein: 1. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, or (c) whose failure to perform when ...
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Overview of High Performance Analog Optocouplers
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... forms the basis for the input-output linear transfer response. Unlike most other optocouplers, where the LED at the input is directly controlled, for the HCNR201 the input photodetector is generally placed in a servo feedback loop to control the LED current through the use of an external op-amp. Thi ...
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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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