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ec_404_edc_U2 - WordPress.com
ec_404_edc_U2 - WordPress.com

... are around 1 to 10mV for cheap commercial-grade opamp integrated circuits (IC). This can be reduced to several microvolts if nulled using the IC's offset null pins or using higher-quality or laser-trimmed devices. However, the input offset voltage value may drift with temperature or age. Chopper amp ...
High Intensity Through Beam Sensor
High Intensity Through Beam Sensor

... Light Source has been added to the SLS Series product line. The Light Source emits 10 times the optical power, enabling it to easily penetrate cardboard or plastic containers. Applications include verification of container contents, proper fill levels or overlap splice detection of dense materials. ...
Labf2003_4 - University of Kentucky College of Engineering
Labf2003_4 - University of Kentucky College of Engineering

Integrated logarithmic amplifiers for industrial
Integrated logarithmic amplifiers for industrial

MAX16913/MAX16913A Remote Antenna Current-Sense Amplifier and Switches General Description
MAX16913/MAX16913A Remote Antenna Current-Sense Amplifier and Switches General Description

... current-sense switches feature internal current limiting to prevent system damage due to fault conditions. The MAX16913/MAX16913A input voltage range extends from 5V to 18V, making them ideal for providing phantom power to remote radio-frequency low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) in automotive applications ...
Circuits and Signals
Circuits and Signals

Double beam tube
Double beam tube

... Switch on the power supply to the coils and increase the voltage. If you have connected the coils correctly (in series) and with the right polarity a magnetic field will be produced that will make the electron beam bend in a circle within the tube. Eventually the field will reach a value so that the ...
Parallel and Serial Circuits
Parallel and Serial Circuits

... • Create diagrams of individual components to illustrate the physics and flow of electronics. Only use flow of positive charge on circuits. The seperation of component versus circuit helps students to grasp the different polarity flows. •Have students work in groups with circuits in a pictionary sty ...
RT9179
RT9179

... may be increased without limit). The input capacitor MUST be located less than 1 cm from the device to assure input stability (see PCB Layout Section). A lower ESR capacitor allows the use of less capacitance, while higher ESR type (like aluminum electrolytic) require more capacitance. Capacitor typ ...
Controlling The Real World With Computers
Controlling The Real World With Computers

analog multimeter
analog multimeter

Sensing Distance (SHARP GP2Y0A21YK)
Sensing Distance (SHARP GP2Y0A21YK)

... and ground and a voltage proportional to the distance between the sensor and an object in front of it will be returned (ranging from 0.4 volts at 80 cm to 3 volts at 10 cm). It really couldn't be simpler to use. Converting to Distance The voltage returned is not linear (see graph), however it can be ...
Current Carrying Loop - Hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca
Current Carrying Loop - Hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca

... We recall that torque is the cross product of radius and force The units are Nm but are not joules! The direction is positive for ccw and negative for cw ...
A Novel Structure of Wide-Swing CMOS Voltage Buffer
A Novel Structure of Wide-Swing CMOS Voltage Buffer

... Figure 5. DC characteristic of the proposed buffer (a) input-output tracking behavior (b) voltage error. ...
Electric Circuits PowerPoint
Electric Circuits PowerPoint

... is the same  Ohm’s Law (I = V/R) applies to the entire circuit, AND each individual device within the circuit Drawback: If one device in the circuit fails, the entire circuit will fail  i.e.) If one light goes out, they all go out ...
notes
notes

... The third term also is caused by a current, but not i1. This is evident by the fact that if we impress a voltage across the primary winding but leave the secondary open circuited (so that i1=(N2/N1)i2=0 because i2=0), we will still be able to measure a voltage across the ...
Ground isolation amplifier
Ground isolation amplifier

... No technical content pages of this document may be reproduced in any form or transmitted by any means without prior permission of ROHM CO.,LTD. The contents described herein are subject to change without notice. The specifications for the product described in this document are for reference only. Up ...
Lab 4: Multisim and the Oscilloscope
Lab 4: Multisim and the Oscilloscope

... Make sure the display for both channels A and B is toggled on. Adjust the two channels to have the same scale. Adjust the timebase so that we can see 2 or 3 periods of the signals. Select Single to freeze the scope so that we can work with it. Below the screen the scope displays the root-mean-square ...
1500 Watt SMC Transient Voltage Suppressor, 10 V Unidir
1500 Watt SMC Transient Voltage Suppressor, 10 V Unidir

... and at a lead temperature of 25C. If the duty cycle increases, the peak power must be reduced as indicated by the curves of Figure 7. Average power must be derated as the lead or ambient temperature rises above 25C. The average power derating curve normally given on data sheets may be normalized a ...
AD8079
AD8079

... current feedback amplifier. For offset errors refer to the equation below. For noise error the terms are root-sum-squared to give a net output error. In the circuit below (Figure 24) they are input offset (VIO) which appears at the output multiplied by the noise gain of the circuit (1 + R F/RI), non ...
Soft-switching of the full-bridge converter switches must
Soft-switching of the full-bridge converter switches must

... This paper presents a description and analysis of a full-bridge converter with a novel passive and robust auxiliary circuit for zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) operation. A generalized time-domain state-space analysis is provided to describe the steadystate behavior of the auxiliary circuit. Complete c ...
Zen Variations 7: More fun with Son of Zen and
Zen Variations 7: More fun with Son of Zen and

... heat sinks to operate at higher temperatures than the transistors, which we want to keep in the 60 deg C. range. This would be achieved by heat sinking with a thermal resistance of about 0.15 deg C. per watt. ...
LWT/LWTN - M
LWT/LWTN - M

... D) Output: With current output, be sure that load resistance is within the permissible limit including wiring resistance. With voltage output, check that the minimum load is met. E) Frequency Output: Check that the load is less than 35V DC/100mA. ...
ZD24CC Series - Teledyne Relays
ZD24CC Series - Teledyne Relays

... 1. The ZD24CC relay’s input current should be limited to between 8 and 20mA. An external resistor whose value =(VIN – 2.5 volts) ÷ 0.012 Amps is a good choice for limiting input current. 2. Relay input transitions should be less than 1.0 millisecond. 3. Loads may be attached to either the positiv ...
NTUST-EE-2013S
NTUST-EE-2013S

... Ohm’s law A law stating that current is directly proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to current. Linear Characterized by a straight-line relationship. Energy The ability to do work. The unit is the joule (J). Power The rate of energy usage. ...
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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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