• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Warnings, information and notes regarding designation of the product
Warnings, information and notes regarding designation of the product

... By qualified personnel only. ISKRA Company assumes no responsibility in connection with installation This booklet contains instructions for installation and use of measuring instrument. Installation and use of a device also includes handling with dangerous currents and voltages therefore should be i ...
AC DIELECTRIC TEST SET
AC DIELECTRIC TEST SET

... It is necessary to connect adequately rated High Voltage loads (isolated from ground) to the high voltage unit that will allow each full range current to be drawn at approximately 15% or higher output voltage. This allows sufficient resolution to adjust current levels. Place Binding Post Configurati ...
linear regulators
linear regulators

Micro AC Crane Drive
Micro AC Crane Drive

Sensor - ABB Group
Sensor - ABB Group

AN-24 Eliminating Circuit Noise From Cooling Fans
AN-24 Eliminating Circuit Noise From Cooling Fans

... the amplifier. The noise is approximately 40mVp-p with the amplifier in a gain of 20. The amplitude of the noise will vary with the gain of the amplifier. The actual noise is often related to the input as RTI (referred to input). In this case a noise of 2mVp-p at the input will produce the output se ...
Deltec CA1 Product Brief (pdf download)
Deltec CA1 Product Brief (pdf download)

... turn leads to a smoother, sweeter sound quality. The use of the DH-OA37 improves matching between amplifiers and long term reliability. The Penny & Giles volume control provides excellent accuracy and channel matching. ...
design of a single phase high voltage dc power supply at 15
design of a single phase high voltage dc power supply at 15

... relatively large capacitance, which takes a very large current if it is tested with AC voltages [1]. Stefan Mozar has explained how to save the cost for mass production of the voltage doubler circuit for mainly an international market in TV sets. He has proposed an electrolytic capacitor protection ...
Signaling Technology
Signaling Technology

... • The driver’s output stages are emitter follower circuits. They provide level shifting from the differential amplifier to ECL output levels and provide a low output impedance for driving transmission lines • The emitter follower output’s transistors operate in their active regions with dc current f ...
Transistors - SFA Physics and Astronomy
Transistors - SFA Physics and Astronomy

Lecture 4: Methods of Analysis
Lecture 4: Methods of Analysis

references - IEEE Taipei Section
references - IEEE Taipei Section

... Where VSGC is the source-gate voltage of MC. VSGC is a constant and is independent of IOUT since it is biased constantly by IBIAS. It is obvious from (1) that VOUT cannot be controlled independently of temperature and process variations due to VSGC. Therefore, a control-voltage generator is designed ...
DC Motors
DC Motors

... Just like ac motors and generators, power transformers are rated in terms of voltage and apparent power. For example, a transformer is rated 2400/120 ...
Explosion-Proof LED Warning Light with XLT
Explosion-Proof LED Warning Light with XLT

MS Word - Marist Library
MS Word - Marist Library

... opposition to the current.) In the pre-lab students will use a simple light bulb circuit to investigate the conducting properties of some common substances. They will then be asked to describe what they have observed and suggest explanations. The students will then be shown how to use a lap top comp ...
Chapter28
Chapter28

... When two or more resistors are connected end-toend, they are said to be in series For a series combination of resistors, the currents are the same in all the resistors because the amount of charge that passes through one resistor must also pass through the other resistors in the same ...
Ultra Low-Power, 10 mA LDO Linear Regulators
Ultra Low-Power, 10 mA LDO Linear Regulators

... and ultralow-power operation. The device is stable with any capacitor (> 0.47 µF). Therefore, implementations of this device require little board space due to the miniaturized packaging and potentially small output capacitor. In addition, the family includes an integrated open drain active-high powe ...
Transistors, Logic Gates and Karnaugh Maps
Transistors, Logic Gates and Karnaugh Maps

... One feature that people find unusual when learning about transistors is that when the transistor is “on” the collector-emitter voltage is less than the base-emitter voltage This is because in the collector-emitter, one is going from n-doped material to n-doped material, whereas in the base-emitter, ...
Ohm`s Law - St. Lawrence University
Ohm`s Law - St. Lawrence University

Using Standard Control ICs to Generate Negative Gate Bias
Using Standard Control ICs to Generate Negative Gate Bias

Spectrum Estimation Methods for Signal Analysis in the Supply
Spectrum Estimation Methods for Signal Analysis in the Supply

... In this paper the parameters of signal components are estimated using the Prony model and root-MUSIC method. Prony method is a technique for modeling sampled data as a linear combination of exponentials. Although it is not a spectral estimation technique, Prony method has a close relationship to the ...
THE POWERPAL USER MANUAL Instructions
THE POWERPAL USER MANUAL Instructions

... of mobile electronics anywhere, anytime. It can be used at home with the included ac adapter or on the go with just the battery. In addition to the high capacity Lithium technology, the PowerPal contains numerous safety features that guard against damaging low-voltage electronics. It is also designe ...
Digital Devices
Digital Devices

AN301: LCR Meter Measurement Accuracy
AN301: LCR Meter Measurement Accuracy

... not uncommon for LCR meter measurements to be off by more than 20% due to the specific test parameters and characteristics of the component being tested. The vector nature of impedance and behavior of series-parallel circuits are keys to making reliably accurate LCR measurements. This application no ...
TCA 505 BG IC for Inductive Proximity Switches with Short-Circuit Protection
TCA 505 BG IC for Inductive Proximity Switches with Short-Circuit Protection

... evaluation of the output signals. It is therefore possible to use the output transistors either as emitter follower, open-collector, as a current source or in push-pull operation. When pin B is connected to VREF, Q2 and Q4 can be used between 0 V and VREF. The maximum base voltage of the output tran ...
< 1 ... 1614 1615 1616 1617 1618 1619 1620 1621 1622 ... 2207 >

Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report