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UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MAINE Department of Electrical
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MAINE Department of Electrical

... minimum possible signal amplification from the output. Now you have balanced your difference amplifier. Do not change this setting for the rest of the experiments. b. Measure Avcm and |Zout|. Also, determine the maximum peak common-mode signal the amplifier can reject. You can do this by increasing ...
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... and drift, so many circuits will not require external adjustment. Figure 3 shows the optional connection of an external potentiometer to adjust offset voltage. This adjustment should not be used to compensate for offsets created elsewhere in a system (such as in later amplification stages or in an A ...
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... AVSS电源电压范围为−4.5 V至−16.5 V。如果只需要单极性输 出,则可以将AVSS与 0 V相连。 ...
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... kept below 5°C while charging, a higher temperature rise indicates a potential to combust. The trickle charge portion of the charge cycle is when the battery temperature rises the most and it has the greatest chance to combust. High end charges use smart IC’s, such as the NCP1835B, to monitor and co ...
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A CW Adapter for the Radio Shack HTX-10 Ten Meter

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样章下载

... Do not over-specify or over-design In the end, we are all controlled by cost, and it is really pointless taking a sledgehammer to crack a nut, Simplicity is of the essence since the low parts count implementation is invariably cheaper and more reliable.8 As an example of this judgment about worst-ca ...
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... quality differential amplifier will readily out perform the battery-operated (floating) scope by a factor of 7 to 10 times on measurements where the common mode signal contains high dv/dt components. This limitation makes the battery-powered or handheld scope a very questionable device for making su ...
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... budget.” Ideally, the system should convert the signal from the transducer/sensor to an accuracy and resolution that is set by the analog to digital convertor. The design engineer must simply specify and select each component (in its specified circuit configuration) within the system to have cumulat ...
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... In order to reduce the total power dissipation and to protect the application, AP6507 has cycle-by-cycle current limiting implementation. The voltage drop across the internal high-side MOSFET is sensed and compared with the internally set current limit threshold. This voltage drop is sensed at about ...
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... At the beginning of each cycle, the high-side MOSFET is turned on. This MOSFET is turned off after internal one shot timer expires. This one shot is set by the converter input voltage, VIN, and the output voltage, VO, to maintain a pseudo-fixed frequency over the input voltage range, hence it is cal ...
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... The 9 MHz oscillator / amplifier The audio amplifier The balanced modulator Building your own crystal ladder filter Decoupling the power supply leads Getting rid of RF feedback - RF filtering for all inputs Tuning and testing Using the generator for AM modulation and CW Moving the 9 MHz SSB signal t ...
MAX333A Precision, Quad, SPDT, CMOS Analog Switch _______________General Description ____________________________Features
MAX333A Precision, Quad, SPDT, CMOS Analog Switch _______________General Description ____________________________Features

... a reduction in the analog signal range. The MAX333A operates with ±5V to ±20V bipolar supplies. The Typical Operating Characteristics and graphs show typical on resistance for ±15V, ±10V, ±5 supplies. Switching times increase by a factor of two or more for ±5V operation. The MAX333A can operate from ...
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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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