Optical Detectors
... speed or linearity of response, one must know two important electrical characteristics of a photodiode: the junction capacitance and the shunt resistance. Without these, the RC time constant of the complete operating circuit cannot be calculated. The parallel plate capacitance across the depletion r ...
... speed or linearity of response, one must know two important electrical characteristics of a photodiode: the junction capacitance and the shunt resistance. Without these, the RC time constant of the complete operating circuit cannot be calculated. The parallel plate capacitance across the depletion r ...
Electrons - Binus Repository
... • These circuits must be composed of conducting materials, and must have sources of voltage. • Voltage causes current to flow, while resistance and impedance oppose it. • Current consists of electrons flowing away from negative terminals and towards positive terminals. • Knowing these facts allows p ...
... • These circuits must be composed of conducting materials, and must have sources of voltage. • Voltage causes current to flow, while resistance and impedance oppose it. • Current consists of electrons flowing away from negative terminals and towards positive terminals. • Knowing these facts allows p ...
FEATURES DESCRIPTION D
... required. However, if the OPA561 is intended to be driven into current limit, an R/C network (snubber) may be required. A snubber circuit may also enhance stability when driving large capacitive loads (> 1000pF) or inductive loads (motors, loads separated from the amplifier by long cables). Typicall ...
... required. However, if the OPA561 is intended to be driven into current limit, an R/C network (snubber) may be required. A snubber circuit may also enhance stability when driving large capacitive loads (> 1000pF) or inductive loads (motors, loads separated from the amplifier by long cables). Typicall ...
Operation of a PN Junction
... Where Id is DC current through diode, and Vd is the voltage across the diode. Additionally: lo= reverse saturation current q = electron charge (1.6 x 10-19 C) k = Boltzmann's constant (1.38 x 10-23 J/K) T = absolute temperature in Kelvin degree n = ideality factor, 1 ≤ n ≤ 2 For forward bias and vol ...
... Where Id is DC current through diode, and Vd is the voltage across the diode. Additionally: lo= reverse saturation current q = electron charge (1.6 x 10-19 C) k = Boltzmann's constant (1.38 x 10-23 J/K) T = absolute temperature in Kelvin degree n = ideality factor, 1 ≤ n ≤ 2 For forward bias and vol ...
MAX1910/MAX1912 1.5x/2x High-Efficiency White LED Charge
... Figures 2–9) improves stability when operating from lowimpedance sources such as high-current laboratory bench power supplies. This resistor can be omitted when operating from higher impedance sources such as lithium or alkaline batteries. For some designs, such as an LED driver, input ripple is mor ...
... Figures 2–9) improves stability when operating from lowimpedance sources such as high-current laboratory bench power supplies. This resistor can be omitted when operating from higher impedance sources such as lithium or alkaline batteries. For some designs, such as an LED driver, input ripple is mor ...
CT800001EN
... Continuous Current Temperature Rise Test Background Secondary low voltage bushings will experience the same continuous current as the transformer they are mounted on. Therefore, they must be tested in accordance with IEEE Std C57.12.00, which limits the temperature rise of the top level of oil to 65 ...
... Continuous Current Temperature Rise Test Background Secondary low voltage bushings will experience the same continuous current as the transformer they are mounted on. Therefore, they must be tested in accordance with IEEE Std C57.12.00, which limits the temperature rise of the top level of oil to 65 ...
Ten Recommendations to Help Design for Intrinsic Safety
... spark ignition and to limit the amount of power for protection against thermal ignition, depend heavily on the reliable operation and “failure” of protective or “infallible” components. Because these components are being relied upon to function in well-defined ways when subjected to normal operating ...
... spark ignition and to limit the amount of power for protection against thermal ignition, depend heavily on the reliable operation and “failure” of protective or “infallible” components. Because these components are being relied upon to function in well-defined ways when subjected to normal operating ...
AIT02ZPFC 720W AC-DC Converter Module
... supply components. Featuring high reliability and convenient control and monitoring functions, these modules are designed to reduce product development time and enhance system performance. The PFC is designed to work over all typical line voltages used worldwide, and provide unity power factor with ...
... supply components. Featuring high reliability and convenient control and monitoring functions, these modules are designed to reduce product development time and enhance system performance. The PFC is designed to work over all typical line voltages used worldwide, and provide unity power factor with ...
X-Viper 650W 80+ Bronze Active PFC 14CM FDB Fan
... Bearing" (FDB) fan as its major cooling component. FDB fans offer better airflow, allowing for better ventilation. The average FDB fan has a long lifespan (100K hrs.), whilst staying virtually silent for more than 2 years. The X-Viper Series has been awarded the 80+ Bronze certificate across the ran ...
... Bearing" (FDB) fan as its major cooling component. FDB fans offer better airflow, allowing for better ventilation. The average FDB fan has a long lifespan (100K hrs.), whilst staying virtually silent for more than 2 years. The X-Viper Series has been awarded the 80+ Bronze certificate across the ran ...
Resistive opto-isolator
Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.