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Unit 6 PowerPoint Slides
Unit 6 PowerPoint Slides

Paper Title (use style: paper title)
Paper Title (use style: paper title)

Know-how TopCon Power Supplies
Know-how TopCon Power Supplies

... The TopCon Function Engine (TFE) is a function generator that work as set point device for voltage, current and power control. Standard time-based functions (sine wave, rectangle, triangle) allow to simulate a powerful function generator. Likewise user-defined functions can be specified by up to 100 ...
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... I've heard that the term goes back to early days of audio. Audio engineers of that time were concerned with how the voltage arriving at the receiving device varied from the voltage sent out by the sending device, and how the voltage transfer would vary in conjunction with changes in the impedance o ...
Advanced Lab Course Impedance Spectroscopy M208 Content
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... itself. That is why in this experiment small signals are used, i.e. a constant voltage is applied and an ac-voltage signal with small amplitude is superimposed. The corresponding differential change in the current is measured and the differential resistance or impedance is obtainable. To use small s ...
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Lecture 10:

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... • Estimate the cost of electricity for each of the items (taking into account the number of hours you use the device) on the table using the electricity cost per kWh of the power company that serves you and put them in a separate column in the above table for each of the items. (0.2 points each for ...
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DSTATCOM With LCL Filter Topology for Mitigation of

... and the inverter current. As the damping power loss is extracted from the source, the source current increases that results in more losses and cost. Therefore for less cost and losses, k should be lower. For the best choice to provide effective attenuation the value of C is chosen, C=10µF. The value ...
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... increase of the capacitor itself. Since excessive temperature negatively affects the reliability and the lifetime of a capacitor, an output capacitor with an adequate current rating should be selected. To achieve better output voltage filtering, low-ESR capacitors are required. Ceramic capacitors of ...
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Characterization of the Superconducting to Normal Transition of

... voltage. However, due to the capacitor discharge during the PCM and to voltage drop across the current contact resistance, a common mode voltage variation of a few to several volts may occur during the pulses. As a result, the output of a nonideal amplifier showing common mode rejection of 60-80 dB ...
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... with 10x Verbatim 8.5W GU10 LED’s (#52310) without a dimmer – notice the 360V peak voltage produced by the UPS! The discontinuous voltage output of the UPS causes severe lamp instability when operated with a typical leading edge dimmer, shown in Oscillogram 2 and such UPS systems should thus be avoi ...
Jacobs University Bremen Natural Science Laboratory Electrical Engineering Module I Fall Semester 2014
Jacobs University Bremen Natural Science Laboratory Electrical Engineering Module I Fall Semester 2014

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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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