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... • The stream of charge carrier fluctuates randomly about a mean level. The fluctuations (shot noise) are due to the random, discrete nature of the tunneling process. • The shot noise has a constant spectral density of Si(f) = 2eIDC (A2/Hz) where e is the electronic charge and Idc is theaverade curre ...
... • The stream of charge carrier fluctuates randomly about a mean level. The fluctuations (shot noise) are due to the random, discrete nature of the tunneling process. • The shot noise has a constant spectral density of Si(f) = 2eIDC (A2/Hz) where e is the electronic charge and Idc is theaverade curre ...
Complex Impedance Measurement Device for Alkaline Batteries
... One of the most important battery parameters is the internal impedance measured in ohms (Ω). The internal impedance determines the runtime of a battery. The battery is restricted to deliver instantaneous peak currents with high internal impedance. Having low impedance is becoming more vital nowadays ...
... One of the most important battery parameters is the internal impedance measured in ohms (Ω). The internal impedance determines the runtime of a battery. The battery is restricted to deliver instantaneous peak currents with high internal impedance. Having low impedance is becoming more vital nowadays ...
Lutron Stanza Guestrom Light Control System CSI spec(16570 CSI
... a. Contain circuitry designed to control and provide a symmetrical AC waveform to input of magnetic low voltage transformers per UL 1472, Section 5.11. b. Dimmers using unipolar load current devices (such as FETs or SCRs) to include DC current protection in the event of a single device failure. 2. F ...
... a. Contain circuitry designed to control and provide a symmetrical AC waveform to input of magnetic low voltage transformers per UL 1472, Section 5.11. b. Dimmers using unipolar load current devices (such as FETs or SCRs) to include DC current protection in the event of a single device failure. 2. F ...
MAX44244/MAX44245/MAX44248 36V, Precision, Low-Power, 90µA, Single/Quad/Dual Op Amps General Description
... operation with a wide supply range. The devices incorporate a patented auto-zero circuit that constantly measures and compensates the input offset to eliminate drift over time and temperature as well as the effect of 1/f noise. These devices also feature integrated EMI filters to reduce high-frequen ...
... operation with a wide supply range. The devices incorporate a patented auto-zero circuit that constantly measures and compensates the input offset to eliminate drift over time and temperature as well as the effect of 1/f noise. These devices also feature integrated EMI filters to reduce high-frequen ...
Ground Fault Protection
... circuit was designed such that no modification of the wiring external to the relay is required in order to add the ground fault detection capability. Minor modification of the circuit provides compatibility with the DC coil version of the relay. The major functions of the circuit of figure 2 are: ...
... circuit was designed such that no modification of the wiring external to the relay is required in order to add the ground fault detection capability. Minor modification of the circuit provides compatibility with the DC coil version of the relay. The major functions of the circuit of figure 2 are: ...
LMV751 Low Noise, Low Vos, Single Op Amp (Rev. E)
... Occasionally operational amplifiers are used as comparators. This is not optimum for the LMV751 for several reasons. First, the LMV751 is compensated for unity gain stability, so the speed will be less than could be obtained on the same process with a circuit specifically designed for comparator ope ...
... Occasionally operational amplifiers are used as comparators. This is not optimum for the LMV751 for several reasons. First, the LMV751 is compensated for unity gain stability, so the speed will be less than could be obtained on the same process with a circuit specifically designed for comparator ope ...
• Measuring frequencies: 100kHz, 10kHz, 1kHz and 100Hz (120Hz
... @ 100kHz is easy to set up and fast to measure. As standard the instrument has a built-in comparator for deviation measurements, IEEE488 (GPIB) and RS232C data interfaces as well as handler interface (opto-coupler) with 12+4 bins for production sorting. The high-speed data interfaces may be used for ...
... @ 100kHz is easy to set up and fast to measure. As standard the instrument has a built-in comparator for deviation measurements, IEEE488 (GPIB) and RS232C data interfaces as well as handler interface (opto-coupler) with 12+4 bins for production sorting. The high-speed data interfaces may be used for ...
ADM1070 数据手册DataSheet 下载
... applied to the board upon connection. This is achieved using a FET, Q1, in the power path. By controlling the gate voltage of the FET, the surge of current to charge load capacitance can be limited to a safe value when the board makes connection. Note that the ADM1070 can also reside on the backplan ...
... applied to the board upon connection. This is achieved using a FET, Q1, in the power path. By controlling the gate voltage of the FET, the surge of current to charge load capacitance can be limited to a safe value when the board makes connection. Note that the ADM1070 can also reside on the backplan ...
BSP75N - Infineon Technologies
... logic level input, an open drain DMOS output stage and integrated protection functions. It is designed for all kind of resistive and inductive loads (relays, solenoid) in automotive and industrial applications. Protection Functions • Over voltage protection: An internal clamp limits the output volta ...
... logic level input, an open drain DMOS output stage and integrated protection functions. It is designed for all kind of resistive and inductive loads (relays, solenoid) in automotive and industrial applications. Protection Functions • Over voltage protection: An internal clamp limits the output volta ...
ρ π ρ
... Only positive charge can be left on Q that originates from positive charge on P. The total charge will be redistributed between Q and P according to their capacitances. ...
... Only positive charge can be left on Q that originates from positive charge on P. The total charge will be redistributed between Q and P according to their capacitances. ...
MAX5051 Parallelable, Clamped Two-Switch Power-Supply Controller IC General Description
... well as secondary-side parallelable, allowing the design of scaleable power systems when necessary. When paralleling the primary side, dedicated pins allow for simultaneous wakeup or shutdown of all paralleled units, thus preventing current-hogging during startup or fault conditions. The MAX5051 gen ...
... well as secondary-side parallelable, allowing the design of scaleable power systems when necessary. When paralleling the primary side, dedicated pins allow for simultaneous wakeup or shutdown of all paralleled units, thus preventing current-hogging during startup or fault conditions. The MAX5051 gen ...
Resistive opto-isolator
Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.