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Characteristics of Logic Gates
Characteristics of Logic Gates

...  For example, a 3-input AND gate has a higher delay than a 2-input AND gate made with the same technology  Using logic gates with higher fan-in is useful when reducing the depth (number of levels) of a logic circuit Characteristics of Logic Gates ...
ics844021-01i.pdf
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... The aforementioned trademarks, HiPerClockS™ and FemtoClocks™ are a trademark of Integrated Circuit Systems, Inc. or its subsidiaries in the United States and/or other countries. While the information presented herein has been checked for both accuracy and reliability, Integrated Circuit Systems, Inc ...
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... Dynamic nature of induction machines means that they draw current depending on the mode of operation. During starting, this current can be as high as six times the normal rated current. This increased loading on the local network that has the effect of causing a voltage dip. Most modern motors emplo ...
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A Simplified Equivalent Circuit Model of MEMS Electrostatic Actuator
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MAX8739 TFT, LCD, DC-DC Converter with Operational Amplifiers General Description
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Electronic devices and circuits
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Negative Voltage SPDT Switch

... are registered trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC) or its subsidiaries in the United States and/or other countries. SCILLC owns the rights to a number of patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, and other intellectual property. A listing of SCILLC’s product/patent ...
Intelligent Automatic High Beam Light Controller (PDF
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... of high beam is justified, drivers only use it about 25% of the total required time [3]. The two major reasons for this behavior are the manual nature of switching between the high and low beam. The second reason is the fear of dazzling other drivers and therefore causes catastrophic accidents. Ther ...
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... input of the op-amp. The op-amp itself has very high gain, but relatively poor gain stability and linearity. When negative feedback is used, the circuit gain is greatly reduced, but it becomes very stable, limited only by the temperature dependence of the resistors R and RF. At the same time, linear ...
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... batteries gradually discharged. This sort of voltage variation would lead to incorrect operation of the microcontroller and other malfunctions. In order to avoid these performance issues, the required constant 5 volts is provided by a special electronic component called a voltage regulator. The regu ...
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EET 114 PowerPoint Slides - Sinclair Community College
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... At this point we’ve covered the primary techniques for analyzing circuits that contain resistors and DC sources. In coming weeks we’ll add new components: ...
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TPS5410 - Texas Instruments

... The integrated 110-mΩ high-side MOSFET supports high-efficiency power-supply designs capable of delivering 1-A of continuous current to a load. The gate-drive bias voltage for the integrated high-side MOSFET is supplied by a bootstrap capacitor connected from the BOOT to PH pins. The TPS5410 reduces ...
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... Abstract-In this paper, novel pulse width modulation technique which uses triangular carrier waveform is proposed for nine-level cascaded inverter. In triangular carrier waveform, different techniques such as phase disposition (PD), inverted phase disposition (IPD), phase opposition disposition (POD ...
MAX1576 480mA White LED 1x/1.5x/2x Charge Pump for Backlighting and Camera Flash
MAX1576 480mA White LED 1x/1.5x/2x Charge Pump for Backlighting and Camera Flash

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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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