• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
High-voltage, High-current Darlington Transistor Array, ULN2003B
High-voltage, High-current Darlington Transistor Array, ULN2003B

PTC thermistors for overcurrent protection and as inrush
PTC thermistors for overcurrent protection and as inrush

accurate measurement of the mains frequency
accurate measurement of the mains frequency

Q1. The graph below shows how a sinusoidal alternating voltage
Q1. The graph below shows how a sinusoidal alternating voltage

... Oscilloscope 2 is used to check the calculated value of the voltage across R2. The screen of oscilloscope 2 is identical to that of oscilloscope 1 and both are set to the same time base. Oscilloscope 2 has the following range for voltage sensitivity: 1 V per div., 5 V per div., 10 V per div. and 15 ...
Circuits make electric current useful.
Circuits make electric current useful.

... light bulbs. For example, a circuit in a space heater converts electrical energy into heat. A circuit in a fan converts electrical energy into motion. A circuit in a bell converts electrical energy into sound. That bell might also be on a circuit that makes it ring at certain times, letting you know ...
performance analysis of z-source inverter fed induction
performance analysis of z-source inverter fed induction

Lecture1
Lecture1

edc-module_ia-dc_generator
edc-module_ia-dc_generator

... speed is restricted to constant power, known as constant power application. ...
BD6382EFV
BD6382EFV

... power dissipation. The back metal is shorted with the back side of the IC chip, being a GND potential, therefore there is a possibility for malfunction if it is shorted with any potential other than GND, which should be avoided. Also, it is recommended that the back metal is soldered onto the GND to ...
DEVELOPMENT OF REMOTE CONTROLLED VIRTUAL LABORATORY Angéla Váradiné Szarka
DEVELOPMENT OF REMOTE CONTROLLED VIRTUAL LABORATORY Angéla Váradiné Szarka

... Most of the users will handle the system as acceptable: they will enter the system, use it by instructions and close down the system at the end of the use switching off the equipment. But the system must be prepared also for those users, who make some mistake in use or also for unexpected system err ...
lecture3
lecture3

MAX16977 36V, 2A, 2.2MHz Step-Down Converter with Low Operating Current General Description
MAX16977 36V, 2A, 2.2MHz Step-Down Converter with Low Operating Current General Description

... 1MHz to 2.2MHz to allow optimization for efficiency, noise, and board space. A synchronization input, FSYNC, allows the device to synchronize to an external clock frequency. During light-load conditions, the device enters skip mode for high efficiency. The 5V fixed output voltage eliminates the need ...
DI-BOT
DI-BOT

... • CAN (Controller Area Network) programmability • 40-pin sealed Deutsch connector • Test cell and vehicle mountable ...
user manual - Dragon Guard
user manual - Dragon Guard

ICS854105 - Integrated Device Technology
ICS854105 - Integrated Device Technology

... DISCLAIMER Integrated Device Technology, Inc. (IDT) and its subsidiaries reserve the right to modify the products and/or specifications described herein at any time and at IDT’s sole discretion. All information in this document, including descriptions of product features and performance, is subject ...
The Wheatstone Bridge
The Wheatstone Bridge

... especially near zero input. Bridge sensitivity, and thus the accuracy of the balance obtained, would be improved by either increasing the input signal to the bridge (which has the adverse effect of increasing dissipation in the bridge components) or by adding an ac amplifier between the bridge outpu ...
LM3914 Dot/Bar Display Driver (Rev. B)
LM3914 Dot/Bar Display Driver (Rev. B)

MAX17010 Internal-Switch Boost Regulator with Integrated High-Voltage Level Shifter and Op Amp
MAX17010 Internal-Switch Boost Regulator with Integrated High-Voltage Level Shifter and Op Amp

... The MAX17010 contains a high-performance step-up switching regulator, a high-speed operational amplifier (op amp), and a high-voltage level-shifting scan driver. The device is optimized for thin-film transistor (TFT) liquidcrystal display (LCD) applications. The step-up DC-DC converter provides the ...
Solid State Relay 24-V AC Switch With Galvanic
Solid State Relay 24-V AC Switch With Galvanic

When should inverter-duty motors be specified?
When should inverter-duty motors be specified?

... lower the motor’s efficiency when compared to operation on a sine wave. Additional heating occurs in the motor, which may also lower the amount of torque provided at low speed. ...
Micronote 126 - Lightning Protection for Aircraft per
Micronote 126 - Lightning Protection for Aircraft per

... threat current of 58 A is well within its capability. In practice, resistors are often used in series on each data wire for impedance matching, hence further reducing the incident current and providing an increased guard band for protection of data transfer line interfaces. Please be certain that te ...
LT1083/LT1084/LT1085 - 7.5A, 5A, 3A Low
LT1083/LT1084/LT1085 - 7.5A, 5A, 3A Low

... The LT1083 family of 3-terminal adjustable regulators is easy to use and has all the protection features that are expected in high performance voltage regulators. They are short-circuit protected, and have safe area protection as well as thermal shutdown to turn off the regulator should the junction ...
infratek 108a single- to six phase power analyzer
infratek 108a single- to six phase power analyzer

Experiment 4 Comparators, positive feedback, and relaxation
Experiment 4 Comparators, positive feedback, and relaxation

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK and APPLICATIONS
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK and APPLICATIONS

... This process, it turns out, has the effect of reducing the gain of the amplifier, but, in exchange, it improves other characteristics including freedom from distortion and nonlinearity, flatness in the frequency response, and predictability. In fact, as more negative feedback is used, the resultant ...
< 1 ... 1093 1094 1095 1096 1097 1098 1099 1100 1101 ... 2207 >

Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report