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954-2875-2-SP - Gazi University Journal of Science
954-2875-2-SP - Gazi University Journal of Science

Light Bulbs in parallel and in series
Light Bulbs in parallel and in series

CUB3T3(4) - Red Lion
CUB3T3(4) - Red Lion

... electrical noise, source or coupling method into the unit may be different for various installations. Cable length, routing and shield termination are very important and can mean the difference between a successful or a troublesome installation. Listed below are some EMC guidelines for successful in ...
Circuits-Ohm`s Law
Circuits-Ohm`s Law

... 23. The graph at right shows the relationship between the potential difference across a metallic conductor and the electric current through the conductor at constant temperature T1. Which graph below best represents the relationship between potential difference and current for the same conductor ma ...
loads.
loads.

... and compressors. However, around 25% of the world's electrical energy is consumed by electric motors in industrial applications, which are especially conducive for energy savings using VFDs in centrifugal load service and VFDs' global market penetration for all applications is still relatively small ...
PHASE-CONTROL DEVICE
PHASE-CONTROL DEVICE

SN65LVDM1677 数据资料 dataSheet 下载
SN65LVDM1677 数据资料 dataSheet 下载

... its output logic state can be indeterminate when the differential input voltage is between –50 mV and 50 mV and within its recommended input common-mode voltage range. TI's LVDS receiver is different, however, in how it handles the open-input circuit situation. Open-circuit means that there is littl ...
datasheet - BatterySpace.com
datasheet - BatterySpace.com

... BC2000 drives supply motor armature voltage from A+ and A- terminals. It is assumed throughout this manual that, when A+ is positive with respect to A- , the motor will rotate clockwise (CW) while looking at the output shaft protruding from the front of the motor. If this is opposite of the desired ...
May06-06 Traffic Signs Outlined by Solar
May06-06 Traffic Signs Outlined by Solar

Component7 - Glow Blogs
Component7 - Glow Blogs

... Alter the circuit so that the lamp comes on when it gets dark. Draw the circuit diagram before you alter the prototype circuit above. Relays can also be used to switch on (and off) solenoid-actuated pneumatics valves. These normally run on a 12 volt supply. This is a method of controlling pneumatic ...
Electricity_tutorial
Electricity_tutorial

... Diodes are components that allow current to flow in only one direction. They have a positive side (leg) and a negative side. When the voltage on the positive leg is higher than on the negative leg then current flows through the diode (the resistance is very low). When the voltage is lower on the pos ...
New Products launched 2016
New Products launched 2016

Nuclear Power Plant Electrical Power Supply System
Nuclear Power Plant Electrical Power Supply System

... (NPP) requires the plant to be connected to an electrical grid system that has adequate capacity for exporting the power from the NPP, and for providing a reliable electrical supply to the NPP for safe startup, operation and normal or emergency shutdown of the plant. Important characteristic of nucl ...
Damped Second Order System
Damped Second Order System

... response. Both characteristics will be derived from: (R+Ls+1/Cs) . If we are interested in the voltage Vout (t) then since i(t) = Cdv/dt  I(s)= Cs*V(s) we conclude: V(s) = I(s)/Cs = E(s)/(RCs+LCs2+1) for the zero state response component. To determine the inverse transform we need to find and exami ...
FAN5602  —  Universal (Step-Up/Step-Down) Charge Pump Regulated DC/DC Converter F AN5
FAN5602 — Universal (Step-Up/Step-Down) Charge Pump Regulated DC/DC Converter F AN5

... The power transistors used in the charge pump are very large in size. The dynamic loss from the switching the power transistors is not small and increases its proportion of the total power consumption as the load gets light. To save power, the FAN5602 switches, when the load is less than 10mA, from ...
MAX848/MAX849 1-Cell to 3-Cell, High-Power, Low-Noise, Step-Up DC-DC Converters General Description
MAX848/MAX849 1-Cell to 3-Cell, High-Power, Low-Noise, Step-Up DC-DC Converters General Description

... The MAX848/MAX849 boost converters set a new standard of high efficiency and high integration for noisesensitive power-supply applications, such as portable phones and small systems with RF data links. The heart of the these devices is a synchronous boost-topology regulator that generates a fixed 3. ...
Blinking Smart Lane Changer Plus Installation Instructions
Blinking Smart Lane Changer Plus Installation Instructions

MAX8808X/MAX8808Y/MAX8808Z 1A Linear Li+ Battery Chargers with Integrated Pass General Description
MAX8808X/MAX8808Y/MAX8808Z 1A Linear Li+ Battery Chargers with Integrated Pass General Description

... MAX8808X/MAX8808Y/MAX8808Z integrate the current-sense circuit, MOS pass element, and thermal-regulation circuitry, and eliminate the reverse-blocking Schottky diode to create the simplest and smallest charging solution for handheld equipment. The MAX8808X functions as a stand-alone charger to contr ...
LM60 2.7V, SOT-23 or TO
LM60 2.7V, SOT-23 or TO

... The LM60 handles capacitive loading well. Without any special precautions, the LM60 can drive any capacitive load as shown in Figure 4. Over the specified temperature range the LM60 has a maximum output impedance of 800Ω. In an extremely noisy environment it may be necessary to add some filtering to ...
FEATURES GENERAL DESCRIPTION ADP5034 e ADP5034. T
FEATURES GENERAL DESCRIPTION ADP5034 e ADP5034. T

experiment - UniMAP Portal
experiment - UniMAP Portal

... Figure 3.6 Voltage versus Current Characteristics of a Separately-Excited DC Generator (Fixed Speed) The separately-excited dc generator provides flexible use because its characteristics can be changed by changing the field current. However, a separate dc power source is needed to excite the field e ...
Series and Parallel Circuits - cK-12
Series and Parallel Circuits - cK-12

IM34 Converters
IM34 Converters

Dual, Low-Power, High-Speed, Fixed-Gain
Dual, Low-Power, High-Speed, Fixed-Gain

... product (75MHz) and slew rate (350V/µs), making the OPA2832 an ideal input buffer stage to 3V and 5V CMOS converters. Unlike earlier low-power, single-supply amplifiers, distortion performance improves as the signal swing is decreased. A low 9.3nV/√Hz input voltage noise supports wide dynamic range ...
T34123128
T34123128

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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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