DNA
... • In DNA, A always pairs with T, and G always pairs with C. • In RNA, A-U, C-G. • *Amount of base pairs is always equal to the one it pairs with ...
... • In DNA, A always pairs with T, and G always pairs with C. • In RNA, A-U, C-G. • *Amount of base pairs is always equal to the one it pairs with ...
14.2 ws
... 1. The boxes below each show a step to explain how genetic disorders have a molecular basis. Number them so that the steps are in the correct order. A change in phenotype results. ...
... 1. The boxes below each show a step to explain how genetic disorders have a molecular basis. Number them so that the steps are in the correct order. A change in phenotype results. ...
What are Sex-Linked Traits?
... Karyotypes are used to detect chromosomal disorders and to determine the sex of an unborn child ...
... Karyotypes are used to detect chromosomal disorders and to determine the sex of an unborn child ...
Intro to Genetics
... •cytosine (C) •Complimentary Strands (A-T) (G-C) •3,000,000,000 nitrogen base pairs make you who you are ...
... •cytosine (C) •Complimentary Strands (A-T) (G-C) •3,000,000,000 nitrogen base pairs make you who you are ...
Chapter 13 Overview: Variations on a Theme • Living organisms are
... – Meiosis I (reductional division): homologs pair up and separate, resulting in two haploid daughter cells with replicated chromosomes – Meiosis II (equational division) sister chromatids separate ...
... – Meiosis I (reductional division): homologs pair up and separate, resulting in two haploid daughter cells with replicated chromosomes – Meiosis II (equational division) sister chromatids separate ...
Independent Assortment of Chromosomes
... Meiosis I (reductional division): homologs pair up and separate, resulting in two haploid daughter cells with replicated chromosomes ...
... Meiosis I (reductional division): homologs pair up and separate, resulting in two haploid daughter cells with replicated chromosomes ...
Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles by Dr. Ty C.M. Hoffman
... Sexual reproduction has the advantage of greatly increasing genetic diversity beyond the diversity caused just by mutation. There are three sources of additional genetic diversity in sexual reproduction: • Crossin ...
... Sexual reproduction has the advantage of greatly increasing genetic diversity beyond the diversity caused just by mutation. There are three sources of additional genetic diversity in sexual reproduction: • Crossin ...
4 Heredity and Reproduction
... 2. Why can bacteria recognize a human gene and then produce a human protein? A. DNA replication in bacteria and humans is the same. B. Bacterial cells contain the same organelles as human cells. C. The basic components of DNA are the same in humans and bacteria. D. Bacterial cells and human cells co ...
... 2. Why can bacteria recognize a human gene and then produce a human protein? A. DNA replication in bacteria and humans is the same. B. Bacterial cells contain the same organelles as human cells. C. The basic components of DNA are the same in humans and bacteria. D. Bacterial cells and human cells co ...
Chapter 11 – Mendelian Genetics
... 2. in the process of meiosis, the cell divides twice, so each original cell produces four daughter cells 3. the chromosomes only replicate once, so each daughter cell contains the haploid number of chromosomes 4. the process of meiosis is really mitosis happening twice without the replication of DNA ...
... 2. in the process of meiosis, the cell divides twice, so each original cell produces four daughter cells 3. the chromosomes only replicate once, so each daughter cell contains the haploid number of chromosomes 4. the process of meiosis is really mitosis happening twice without the replication of DNA ...
Chapter 11 Chromosome Mutations
... Colchicine disrupts spindle fibre formation during mitosis, preventing the migration of chromatids after the centromere is split. A single cell results that contains pair of identical chromosomes that are homozygous at all loci. ...
... Colchicine disrupts spindle fibre formation during mitosis, preventing the migration of chromatids after the centromere is split. A single cell results that contains pair of identical chromosomes that are homozygous at all loci. ...
Human Inheritance
... If you don’t know your family history you may have had children and passed the disease on to them by the time you are diagnosed ...
... If you don’t know your family history you may have had children and passed the disease on to them by the time you are diagnosed ...
Reading Study Guide 1 - philipdarrenjones.com
... examined in #6) are mated. Reproduce a figure similar to the one shown in fig. 11.5 for this cross. What different progeny genotypes would result from this cross and what would be their relative ratios (e.g. 1:1, 1:2, 3:1, etc.)? What different progeny phenotypes would result from this cross and wha ...
... examined in #6) are mated. Reproduce a figure similar to the one shown in fig. 11.5 for this cross. What different progeny genotypes would result from this cross and what would be their relative ratios (e.g. 1:1, 1:2, 3:1, etc.)? What different progeny phenotypes would result from this cross and wha ...
intro to inheritance
... chromosomes •When fertilisation happens the gametes fuse together to make a single cell called a ZYGOTE. •The zygote (like every other human cell) has 46 chromosomes ...
... chromosomes •When fertilisation happens the gametes fuse together to make a single cell called a ZYGOTE. •The zygote (like every other human cell) has 46 chromosomes ...
Genetic Conditions
... Understanding which chromosomes have been affected helps physicians diagnose and treat patients with genetic disorders or syndromes. A syndrome is a particular disease or disorder with a specific group of symptoms that occur together. ...
... Understanding which chromosomes have been affected helps physicians diagnose and treat patients with genetic disorders or syndromes. A syndrome is a particular disease or disorder with a specific group of symptoms that occur together. ...
Meiosis Formation of Gametes (Eggs & Sperm)
... chromosomes as the original cell Produces gametes (eggs & sperm) Occurs in the testes in males ...
... chromosomes as the original cell Produces gametes (eggs & sperm) Occurs in the testes in males ...
GENETIC TRANSFER AND RECOMBINATION (Chapter 8):
... Vertical gene transfer: between parent and offspring Horizontal gene transfer: between other organisms in the same generation Three types: 1. Transformation 2. Conjugation 3. Transduction All types: Involve unidirectional transfer of information (donor to recipient—recipient called recombinant cell) ...
... Vertical gene transfer: between parent and offspring Horizontal gene transfer: between other organisms in the same generation Three types: 1. Transformation 2. Conjugation 3. Transduction All types: Involve unidirectional transfer of information (donor to recipient—recipient called recombinant cell) ...
Chromosome
A chromosome (chromo- + -some) is a packaged and organized structure containing most of the DNA of a living organism. It is not usually found on its own, but rather is complexed with many structural proteins called histones as well as associated transcription (copying of genetic sequences) factors and several other macromolecules. Two ""sister"" chromatids (half a chromosome) join together at a protein junction called a centromere. Chromosomes are normally visible under a light microscope only when the cell is undergoing mitosis. Even then, the full chromosome containing both joined sister chromatids becomes visible only during a sequence of mitosis known as metaphase (when chromosomes align together, attached to the mitotic spindle and prepare to divide). This DNA and its associated proteins and macromolecules is collectively known as chromatin, which is further packaged along with its associated molecules into a discrete structure called a nucleosome. Chromatin is present in most cells, with a few exceptions - erythrocytes for example. Occurring only in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, chromatin composes the vast majority of all DNA, except for a small amount inherited maternally which is found in mitochondria. In prokaryotic cells, chromatin occurs free-floating in cytoplasm, as these cells lack organelles and a defined nucleus. The main information-carrying macromolecule is a single piece of coiled double-stranded DNA, containing many genes, regulatory elements and other noncoding DNA. The DNA-bound macromolecules are proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions. Chromosomes vary widely between different organisms. Some species such as certain bacteria also contain plasmids or other extrachromosomal DNA. These are circular structures in the cytoplasm which contain cellular DNA and play a role in horizontal gene transfer.Compaction of the duplicated chromosomes during cell division (mitosis or meiosis) results either in a four-arm structure (pictured to the right) if the centromere is located in the middle of the chromosome or a two-arm structure if the centromere is located near one of the ends. Chromosomal recombination during meiosis and subsequent sexual reproduction plays a vital role in genetic diversity. If these structures are manipulated incorrectly, through processes known as chromosomal instability and translocation, the cell may undergo mitotic catastrophe and die, or it may unexpectedly evade apoptosis leading to the progression of cancer.In prokaryotes (see nucleoids) and viruses, the DNA is often densely packed and organized. In the case of archaea by homologs to eukaryotic histones, in the case of bacteria by histone-like proteins. Small circular genomes called plasmids are often found in bacteria and also in mitochondria and chloroplasts, reflecting their bacterial origins.