Rather than test an unmapped gene successively for linkage to... groups, it is advantageous to test all linkage groups in... alcoy David Perkins
... temperature sensitive-1, yellow-1, and conidial separation-2 (which marks linkage group VII). All four are readily scored by eye. The strains grow on minimal medium. No transfer to test-media is necessary. Crosses heterozygous for alcoy .have proved useful in cytological studies of the synaptonemal ...
... temperature sensitive-1, yellow-1, and conidial separation-2 (which marks linkage group VII). All four are readily scored by eye. The strains grow on minimal medium. No transfer to test-media is necessary. Crosses heterozygous for alcoy .have proved useful in cytological studies of the synaptonemal ...
Conserved features of cohesin binding along
... involved in initiation of DNA replication [25,26]. The localization of Scc2/Scc4 in transcriptionally active somatic cells has not yet been studied. Mutations in human Scc2 are the cause of Cornelia de Lange syndrome, a severe developmental disorder, which has been taken to suggest a contribution of ...
... involved in initiation of DNA replication [25,26]. The localization of Scc2/Scc4 in transcriptionally active somatic cells has not yet been studied. Mutations in human Scc2 are the cause of Cornelia de Lange syndrome, a severe developmental disorder, which has been taken to suggest a contribution of ...
Conjugative plasmids: vessels of the communal gene pool
... individual genomes by lipid membranes. A highly contributing factor to the extent of HGT is also the strikingly economical manner in which prokaryotic genomes are organized. There is usually very little genomic redundancy in prokaryotes, since a strong ‘deletion bias’ towards small genome sizes exis ...
... individual genomes by lipid membranes. A highly contributing factor to the extent of HGT is also the strikingly economical manner in which prokaryotic genomes are organized. There is usually very little genomic redundancy in prokaryotes, since a strong ‘deletion bias’ towards small genome sizes exis ...
Conjugative plasmids: vessels of the communal gene pool
... individual genomes by lipid membranes. A highly contributing factor to the extent of HGT is also the strikingly economical manner in which prokaryotic genomes are organized. There is usually very little genomic redundancy in prokaryotes, since a strong ‘deletion bias’ towards small genome sizes exis ...
... individual genomes by lipid membranes. A highly contributing factor to the extent of HGT is also the strikingly economical manner in which prokaryotic genomes are organized. There is usually very little genomic redundancy in prokaryotes, since a strong ‘deletion bias’ towards small genome sizes exis ...
Induced chromosome doubling in plants
... reduced number of chromosomes (n) in the haploid plant is equal to that in the gamete. For example, a haploid corn plant has 10 chromosomes, instead of 10 pairs of chromosomes as in a normal diploid corn plant. A diploid plant has tWo sets of chromosomes and the chromosome number (2n) is equal to th ...
... reduced number of chromosomes (n) in the haploid plant is equal to that in the gamete. For example, a haploid corn plant has 10 chromosomes, instead of 10 pairs of chromosomes as in a normal diploid corn plant. A diploid plant has tWo sets of chromosomes and the chromosome number (2n) is equal to th ...
Thesis-1965R-K29r
... awaited improved techniques and new types of equipment. The structure of the nucleolus is described as a two component system. The nucleolus was seen to disperse during the mitotic cycle and to form on a particular chromosomal region. The possibi I ity of nucleolar control on mitosis is indicated. T ...
... awaited improved techniques and new types of equipment. The structure of the nucleolus is described as a two component system. The nucleolus was seen to disperse during the mitotic cycle and to form on a particular chromosomal region. The possibi I ity of nucleolar control on mitosis is indicated. T ...
Evidence that MEK1 positively promotes
... organisms can benefit from the outcome of their repair by homologous recombination. In most organisms a major benefit of crossovers is the creation of stable connections between homologues before the first meiotic nuclear division. These stable connections are made because non-sister chromatids of homo ...
... organisms can benefit from the outcome of their repair by homologous recombination. In most organisms a major benefit of crossovers is the creation of stable connections between homologues before the first meiotic nuclear division. These stable connections are made because non-sister chromatids of homo ...
Polyploidy
... Autopolyploidy …can be induced by treating cells with the drug colchicine, colchicine: is a alkaloid derivative from the autumn crocus (Crocus veneris), ...inhibits microtubule polymerization, and thus inhibits the separation of chromosomes during meiosis. ...
... Autopolyploidy …can be induced by treating cells with the drug colchicine, colchicine: is a alkaloid derivative from the autumn crocus (Crocus veneris), ...inhibits microtubule polymerization, and thus inhibits the separation of chromosomes during meiosis. ...
KaryoNIM Postnatal EN
... resolution and sensitivity. Backed by reviews and meta-analyses, array CGH allows a larger number of diagnoses, which translates into cost savings. This is due to a decrease in the number of additional conventional genetic tests that are usually required to achieve a diagnosis. Although intellectual ...
... resolution and sensitivity. Backed by reviews and meta-analyses, array CGH allows a larger number of diagnoses, which translates into cost savings. This is due to a decrease in the number of additional conventional genetic tests that are usually required to achieve a diagnosis. Although intellectual ...
Production of diploid male gametes in Arabidopsis by cold
... conditions (Fig. 2L), cold-shocked dyads, triads and monads always contained four equally sized, tetrahedrally arranged nuclei (Fig. 2, M-P), suggesting that the progression of the meiotic cell cycle was not affected. However, in contrast to control tetrads, in which all four haploid nuclei are phys ...
... conditions (Fig. 2L), cold-shocked dyads, triads and monads always contained four equally sized, tetrahedrally arranged nuclei (Fig. 2, M-P), suggesting that the progression of the meiotic cell cycle was not affected. However, in contrast to control tetrads, in which all four haploid nuclei are phys ...
On algebraic properties of the human ABO
... (sex cells) which carry a single set of chromosomes. A parent with blood group O produces gametes with alleles O. A parent with blood group AB produces gametes with alleles A or B. A parent with blood group A produces gametes with alleles A or O if his genotype is OA, and only A if it is of AA. When ...
... (sex cells) which carry a single set of chromosomes. A parent with blood group O produces gametes with alleles O. A parent with blood group AB produces gametes with alleles A or B. A parent with blood group A produces gametes with alleles A or O if his genotype is OA, and only A if it is of AA. When ...
presentation word finished
... Worked alone did not have any help Dr.Tjio discovery helped more scientist realize the there was only 46 chromosomes and not 48.Without his discovery scientist would have thought that disease that attacked chromosome attacked 48 eight of them and not 46. He opened up a new gate to realize that when ...
... Worked alone did not have any help Dr.Tjio discovery helped more scientist realize the there was only 46 chromosomes and not 48.Without his discovery scientist would have thought that disease that attacked chromosome attacked 48 eight of them and not 46. He opened up a new gate to realize that when ...
How to recognize and diagnose chromosome rearrangements. David D. Perkins Background
... rearrangements are unique among rearrangement types in producing 6B:2W asci, as was first recognized by St. Lawrence (1959) and de Serres (1957). The frequency of 6B:2W asci depends on the distance of breakpoints from centromeres. 4B:0W and 4B:4W asci are equally frequent, while 2B:6W and 0B:8W asci ...
... rearrangements are unique among rearrangement types in producing 6B:2W asci, as was first recognized by St. Lawrence (1959) and de Serres (1957). The frequency of 6B:2W asci depends on the distance of breakpoints from centromeres. 4B:0W and 4B:4W asci are equally frequent, while 2B:6W and 0B:8W asci ...
Educational Items Section Chromosomal Disorders - Karyotype Indications in Oncology and Haematology
... - trisomy 21: 1,5/1000; other unbalanced autosomal disorders: 0,5/ 1000; - balanced chromosomal disorders with a normal phenotype 2/1000 - among 1000 known pregnancies 150 will abort spontaneously: among them 100 have an abnormal chromosomal complement: 20 Turner syndrome, 20 trisomies 16 and 20 tri ...
... - trisomy 21: 1,5/1000; other unbalanced autosomal disorders: 0,5/ 1000; - balanced chromosomal disorders with a normal phenotype 2/1000 - among 1000 known pregnancies 150 will abort spontaneously: among them 100 have an abnormal chromosomal complement: 20 Turner syndrome, 20 trisomies 16 and 20 tri ...
Genetic linkage studies in the pseudoautosomal
... The 23 pairs of chromosomes in the zygote are duplicated every time a cell division occur. The only exceptions are the gametes, which are produced by the sex organs (testes and ovaries). Gametes are produced by a special form of cell division called meiosis. Two chromosomes are said to be homologou ...
... The 23 pairs of chromosomes in the zygote are duplicated every time a cell division occur. The only exceptions are the gametes, which are produced by the sex organs (testes and ovaries). Gametes are produced by a special form of cell division called meiosis. Two chromosomes are said to be homologou ...
Host-Plasmid Interactions in Saccharomyces
... Copy number of chimaeric plasmids in strains of drflerent ploidy The most plausible explanation for the observed increase in the stability of YRp7M with increasing ploidy is that its copy number increases proportionately, thus decreasing the probability of segregating plasmid-free cells in the absen ...
... Copy number of chimaeric plasmids in strains of drflerent ploidy The most plausible explanation for the observed increase in the stability of YRp7M with increasing ploidy is that its copy number increases proportionately, thus decreasing the probability of segregating plasmid-free cells in the absen ...
Genetics - York University
... of the egg in fertilization. The process of cell division was studied carefully. Chromosomes were identified and tracked through cell division and fertilization processes. Everything pointed to the cell nucleus as the location of activity. ...
... of the egg in fertilization. The process of cell division was studied carefully. Chromosomes were identified and tracked through cell division and fertilization processes. Everything pointed to the cell nucleus as the location of activity. ...
CBSE XII BIO QS with key(2009-2015)
... generate genetic variation remain viable for a considerable period of time.(any two) =1x2 State what is apomixis? Comment on its significance. How can it be commercially used? (2015) Form of asexual reproduction producing seeds without fertilization/ type of asexual that mimics sexual reproduction t ...
... generate genetic variation remain viable for a considerable period of time.(any two) =1x2 State what is apomixis? Comment on its significance. How can it be commercially used? (2015) Form of asexual reproduction producing seeds without fertilization/ type of asexual that mimics sexual reproduction t ...
Biology A Chapter 10
... 1. When an area of a chromatid is exchanged with the matching area on a chromatid of its homologous chromosome, _____ occurs. a. crossing over c. hybridization b. mutagenesis d. fertilization 2. Crossing over results in a _____. a. female genotype c. genetic recombination b. male genotype d. phenoty ...
... 1. When an area of a chromatid is exchanged with the matching area on a chromatid of its homologous chromosome, _____ occurs. a. crossing over c. hybridization b. mutagenesis d. fertilization 2. Crossing over results in a _____. a. female genotype c. genetic recombination b. male genotype d. phenoty ...
11. NEW DATA
... spite of the very great amount of study devoted to them. Miss STEVENS (190sa) made a prolonged study involving the dissection and examination of some two thousand individuals. She described the three pairs of autosomes of the male as the same as those in the female, and the sex chromosomes as “a cle ...
... spite of the very great amount of study devoted to them. Miss STEVENS (190sa) made a prolonged study involving the dissection and examination of some two thousand individuals. She described the three pairs of autosomes of the male as the same as those in the female, and the sex chromosomes as “a cle ...
Future Generation Computer Systems
... local search procedure. Before the generated chromosome can be inserted into the population, a check is performed to ensure that the new chromosome is unique. In this way, we ensure that no member of the initial population is over-represented. This chromosome generation process is repeated, each tim ...
... local search procedure. Before the generated chromosome can be inserted into the population, a check is performed to ensure that the new chromosome is unique. In this way, we ensure that no member of the initial population is over-represented. This chromosome generation process is repeated, each tim ...
drosophila melanogaster.
... the initial value of 15%. 16A2 and 16B2 did not change significantly between generations 60 and 100. The recombination value in 16A1 appears to have increased between generations 60 and 100, but further tests are required to distinguished between genetic and environmental causes for this increase. I ...
... the initial value of 15%. 16A2 and 16B2 did not change significantly between generations 60 and 100. The recombination value in 16A1 appears to have increased between generations 60 and 100, but further tests are required to distinguished between genetic and environmental causes for this increase. I ...
Construction and Analysis of 2 Reciprocal Arabidopsis Introgression
... Col-0 was initially obtained from G. Rédei (University of Missouri-Columbia, USA) and C24 from J. P. Hernalsteens (Vrije Universiteit Brussels). As a base population for IL development, we developed 2 sets of reciprocal (82 Col-0 C24/96 C24 Col-0) BC3F1 lines using the single-seed descent metho ...
... Col-0 was initially obtained from G. Rédei (University of Missouri-Columbia, USA) and C24 from J. P. Hernalsteens (Vrije Universiteit Brussels). As a base population for IL development, we developed 2 sets of reciprocal (82 Col-0 C24/96 C24 Col-0) BC3F1 lines using the single-seed descent metho ...
SARS Outbreaks in Ontario, Hong Kong and Singapore: the role of
... • Diploid (2n): An organism or cell having two sets of chromosomes or twice the haploid number • Haploid (n): An organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes • Gamete: Reproductive cells involved in fertilization. The ovum is the female gamete; the spermatozoon is the male gamete. • ...
... • Diploid (2n): An organism or cell having two sets of chromosomes or twice the haploid number • Haploid (n): An organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes • Gamete: Reproductive cells involved in fertilization. The ovum is the female gamete; the spermatozoon is the male gamete. • ...
Chromosome
A chromosome (chromo- + -some) is a packaged and organized structure containing most of the DNA of a living organism. It is not usually found on its own, but rather is complexed with many structural proteins called histones as well as associated transcription (copying of genetic sequences) factors and several other macromolecules. Two ""sister"" chromatids (half a chromosome) join together at a protein junction called a centromere. Chromosomes are normally visible under a light microscope only when the cell is undergoing mitosis. Even then, the full chromosome containing both joined sister chromatids becomes visible only during a sequence of mitosis known as metaphase (when chromosomes align together, attached to the mitotic spindle and prepare to divide). This DNA and its associated proteins and macromolecules is collectively known as chromatin, which is further packaged along with its associated molecules into a discrete structure called a nucleosome. Chromatin is present in most cells, with a few exceptions - erythrocytes for example. Occurring only in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, chromatin composes the vast majority of all DNA, except for a small amount inherited maternally which is found in mitochondria. In prokaryotic cells, chromatin occurs free-floating in cytoplasm, as these cells lack organelles and a defined nucleus. The main information-carrying macromolecule is a single piece of coiled double-stranded DNA, containing many genes, regulatory elements and other noncoding DNA. The DNA-bound macromolecules are proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions. Chromosomes vary widely between different organisms. Some species such as certain bacteria also contain plasmids or other extrachromosomal DNA. These are circular structures in the cytoplasm which contain cellular DNA and play a role in horizontal gene transfer.Compaction of the duplicated chromosomes during cell division (mitosis or meiosis) results either in a four-arm structure (pictured to the right) if the centromere is located in the middle of the chromosome or a two-arm structure if the centromere is located near one of the ends. Chromosomal recombination during meiosis and subsequent sexual reproduction plays a vital role in genetic diversity. If these structures are manipulated incorrectly, through processes known as chromosomal instability and translocation, the cell may undergo mitotic catastrophe and die, or it may unexpectedly evade apoptosis leading to the progression of cancer.In prokaryotes (see nucleoids) and viruses, the DNA is often densely packed and organized. In the case of archaea by homologs to eukaryotic histones, in the case of bacteria by histone-like proteins. Small circular genomes called plasmids are often found in bacteria and also in mitochondria and chloroplasts, reflecting their bacterial origins.