NuMA Is Required for the Proper Completion of Mitosis
... cells, the human NuMA concentrated at the pericentrosomal region of the spindle apparatus (Fig. 2 A, mitotic). Ultimately, in post-mitotic cells, the human NuMA protein was found exclusively in the nuclei of the two daughter cells (Fig. 2 A, post-mitotic). This cell cycle-dependent distribution of h ...
... cells, the human NuMA concentrated at the pericentrosomal region of the spindle apparatus (Fig. 2 A, mitotic). Ultimately, in post-mitotic cells, the human NuMA protein was found exclusively in the nuclei of the two daughter cells (Fig. 2 A, post-mitotic). This cell cycle-dependent distribution of h ...
Exceptionally high levels of recombination
... Jensen-Seaman et al. 2004), with the exception of some sequence-specific repeats. Simple repeats could mechanistically facilitate recombination, or, alternatively, recombination itself may increase their abundance by non-homologous recombination. Too few transposons could be included in the analysis ...
... Jensen-Seaman et al. 2004), with the exception of some sequence-specific repeats. Simple repeats could mechanistically facilitate recombination, or, alternatively, recombination itself may increase their abundance by non-homologous recombination. Too few transposons could be included in the analysis ...
The evolution of meiotic sex and its alternatives
... Hence, an enzymatic DNA repair machinery already existed in prokaryotes which was taken over by eukaryotes [21]. DNA repair was badly needed in the first eukaryotes because of endogenous production of ROS with the onset of cellular oxygen respiration via (proto-) mitochondria [1]. Strong arguments f ...
... Hence, an enzymatic DNA repair machinery already existed in prokaryotes which was taken over by eukaryotes [21]. DNA repair was badly needed in the first eukaryotes because of endogenous production of ROS with the onset of cellular oxygen respiration via (proto-) mitochondria [1]. Strong arguments f ...
Making Genetics Easy and Fun - California Science Teachers
... (using the Preproinsulin sequence) Can integrate peer-reviewed journal articles into the curriculum using this lesson based on the 1980 paper that solved the structure of insulin “Nucelotide Sequence of Human Preproinsulin Complementary DNA” published in Science. ...
... (using the Preproinsulin sequence) Can integrate peer-reviewed journal articles into the curriculum using this lesson based on the 1980 paper that solved the structure of insulin “Nucelotide Sequence of Human Preproinsulin Complementary DNA” published in Science. ...
Mapping the Horns (Ho) Locus in Sheep: A Further Locus
... mal female (Hamerton et al. 1969). Histologically the gonads of intersex animals were testicular in appearance, but germ cells were never seen in the seminiferous tubules after birth (Hamerton et al. 1969). Y-specific sequences including SRY (sexdetermining region Y chromosome) were not detected in ...
... mal female (Hamerton et al. 1969). Histologically the gonads of intersex animals were testicular in appearance, but germ cells were never seen in the seminiferous tubules after birth (Hamerton et al. 1969). Y-specific sequences including SRY (sexdetermining region Y chromosome) were not detected in ...
clinical dilemmas and surgical treatment of penoscrotal, scrotal and
... some Y considered responsible for the spermatogenesis. At the short arm of the chromosomes X and Y there are homologous sites that approach each other during the zygonema of the myosis. This means that the genetic material is exchanged between X and Y chromosomes during the cross-over process. Since ...
... some Y considered responsible for the spermatogenesis. At the short arm of the chromosomes X and Y there are homologous sites that approach each other during the zygonema of the myosis. This means that the genetic material is exchanged between X and Y chromosomes during the cross-over process. Since ...
Transvection and pairing of a Drosophila Hox long noncoding RNA
... transcription through the lincX locus, but not the lincX RNA itself, may facilitate initiation of Scr in cis in the early embryo. Transvection phenomena, where regulatory sequences on one chromosome can affect expression on the homolog, have previously been reported in genetic studies of Scr. By ana ...
... transcription through the lincX locus, but not the lincX RNA itself, may facilitate initiation of Scr in cis in the early embryo. Transvection phenomena, where regulatory sequences on one chromosome can affect expression on the homolog, have previously been reported in genetic studies of Scr. By ana ...
Mutants of the Drosophila ncd microtubule motor
... Although spindle assembly and chromosome attachment to spindles in meiosis and mitosis are often considered to be similar processes, several features of the meiotic and mitotic ...
... Although spindle assembly and chromosome attachment to spindles in meiosis and mitosis are often considered to be similar processes, several features of the meiotic and mitotic ...
Cenp-A Presence in Drosophila - Institute of Molecular Life Sciences
... interconnected spermatocytes. Premeiotic S phase is completed very soon after the last of these four mitotic divisions. Thereafter extensive spermatocyte growth occurs during an extended meiotic G2 phase before progression through the first and second meiotic division. The haploid cell nucleus of po ...
... interconnected spermatocytes. Premeiotic S phase is completed very soon after the last of these four mitotic divisions. Thereafter extensive spermatocyte growth occurs during an extended meiotic G2 phase before progression through the first and second meiotic division. The haploid cell nucleus of po ...
Genome-wide scan of bipolar disorder in 65 pedigrees: supportive evidence for linkage at 8q24, 18q22, 4q32, 2p12, and 13q12.
... referred to publications of the chromosomal workshops of the World Congress in Psychiatric Genetics.13 Several chromosomal regions have been implicated by genome-wide findings of only nominal significance, but have been similarly identified by other independent scans,12,14–17 suggesting that even se ...
... referred to publications of the chromosomal workshops of the World Congress in Psychiatric Genetics.13 Several chromosomal regions have been implicated by genome-wide findings of only nominal significance, but have been similarly identified by other independent scans,12,14–17 suggesting that even se ...
Mapping QTLs for Popping Ability in a Popcorn × Dent Maize
... Popcorn is a unique line of flint corn with a dense, starchy interior and hard pericarp (exterior shell). The trait that distinguishes popcorn from other types of corn is its ability to form large flakes when heated (4). The popping ability of a popcorn kernel involves many heritable polygenic trait ...
... Popcorn is a unique line of flint corn with a dense, starchy interior and hard pericarp (exterior shell). The trait that distinguishes popcorn from other types of corn is its ability to form large flakes when heated (4). The popping ability of a popcorn kernel involves many heritable polygenic trait ...
The female-killing chromosome of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, was
... Figure 3. Amplification patterns of genomic DNA from females and males of the C137, p50, ZWII, and Z101 strains by using one set of primers, Maji-1B + Maji-2A. Lane M, molecular-size markers (100 bp ladder; Invitrogen). The number at the left indicate base pairs. The arrowhead indicates the Maji RAPD ...
... Figure 3. Amplification patterns of genomic DNA from females and males of the C137, p50, ZWII, and Z101 strains by using one set of primers, Maji-1B + Maji-2A. Lane M, molecular-size markers (100 bp ladder; Invitrogen). The number at the left indicate base pairs. The arrowhead indicates the Maji RAPD ...
SBI3U0 - Pages
... 1. Cells having a nuclear membrane surrounding a well-defined nucleus are classified as prokaryotic cells. ...
... 1. Cells having a nuclear membrane surrounding a well-defined nucleus are classified as prokaryotic cells. ...
Detecting copy number variants and runs of homozygosity on a
... used. To distinguish between isodisomy and chance of a discernible phenotype. Long ROH are heterodisomy it is necessary to analyse the most commonly caused by UPD, but can also be inheritance of the ROH. It is important to be able to due to consanguinity or shared parental ancestry9. A distinguish b ...
... used. To distinguish between isodisomy and chance of a discernible phenotype. Long ROH are heterodisomy it is necessary to analyse the most commonly caused by UPD, but can also be inheritance of the ROH. It is important to be able to due to consanguinity or shared parental ancestry9. A distinguish b ...
A Fine Physical Map of Arabidopsis thaliana Chromosome 5
... distances between markers varied significantly along the chromosome. Within the range of this resolution, relatively cold spots of recombination are seen in the middle region of each contig (nga249 to g4560 and mi69 to LYF3). This pattern resembles that of chromosome 4 of A. thaliana, but contrasts ...
... distances between markers varied significantly along the chromosome. Within the range of this resolution, relatively cold spots of recombination are seen in the middle region of each contig (nga249 to g4560 and mi69 to LYF3). This pattern resembles that of chromosome 4 of A. thaliana, but contrasts ...
Alfred Henry Sturtevant - National Academy of Sciences
... Sturtevant pioneered in providing experimental approaches to a central problem in biology—how genes produce their effects. An important break-through came in 1920, with his discovery of the first reparable gene defect. In studying gynandromorphs of Drosophila in which there was somatic mosaicism for ...
... Sturtevant pioneered in providing experimental approaches to a central problem in biology—how genes produce their effects. An important break-through came in 1920, with his discovery of the first reparable gene defect. In studying gynandromorphs of Drosophila in which there was somatic mosaicism for ...
Cleavage of Cohesin by the CD Clan Protease Separin
... sisters together. It is also clear that sister separation is an autonomous process that frequently still occurs even when poisons destroy the spindle (Mole-Bajer, 1958). These observations have led to the notion that chromosome segregation during anaphase might be triggered not by any change in the ...
... sisters together. It is also clear that sister separation is an autonomous process that frequently still occurs even when poisons destroy the spindle (Mole-Bajer, 1958). These observations have led to the notion that chromosome segregation during anaphase might be triggered not by any change in the ...
Meiosis: Chapter 10 - University at Buffalo
... transplantation depends on matching a specific group of proteins found on the surface of white blood cells that are used to distinguish one’s own cells from foreign cells, called HLA, for human leukocyte antigen. ...
... transplantation depends on matching a specific group of proteins found on the surface of white blood cells that are used to distinguish one’s own cells from foreign cells, called HLA, for human leukocyte antigen. ...
Comparative gene mapping in Arabidopsis lyrata chromosomes 6
... differ considerably. Their map distances may nevertheless be similar if recombination occurs largely within coding sequences, and if gene content is similar in homologous intervals in both species. Restriction of crossovers to the genes has previously been inferred from the similarity of genetic map ...
... differ considerably. Their map distances may nevertheless be similar if recombination occurs largely within coding sequences, and if gene content is similar in homologous intervals in both species. Restriction of crossovers to the genes has previously been inferred from the similarity of genetic map ...
Barbara McClintock (1902-1992) - The Embryo Project Encyclopedia
... using techniques that she had developed. In her research, she described the crossing over interaction between homologous chromosomes, which happens when chromosomes in a cell exchange genetic material during the cell division stage of meiosis [9]. In 1931, McClintock and Creighton published "A corre ...
... using techniques that she had developed. In her research, she described the crossing over interaction between homologous chromosomes, which happens when chromosomes in a cell exchange genetic material during the cell division stage of meiosis [9]. In 1931, McClintock and Creighton published "A corre ...
Saccharomycopsis fibuligera and Yarrowia lipol`ica
... Saccharomycopsis fibuligera is a dimorphic yeast, which is both saccharolytic and fermentative, that is used in the production of rice wine. It has a predominant diploid phase. When grown on solid agar S. fibuligera strains develop different morphological forms. In previous studies, intergeneric hyb ...
... Saccharomycopsis fibuligera is a dimorphic yeast, which is both saccharolytic and fermentative, that is used in the production of rice wine. It has a predominant diploid phase. When grown on solid agar S. fibuligera strains develop different morphological forms. In previous studies, intergeneric hyb ...
Androgenesis from Festuca pratensis Ч Lolium multiЇorum
... (5%) had 15 or 16 chromosomes. Three mixoploid 14/28 chromosome plants were also recorded. The chromosome constitution of four of the 14-chromosome plants selected for good stress tolerance (see below) is illustrated in Fig. 1. GISH distinguished Festuca and Lolium DNA and revealed large numbers of ...
... (5%) had 15 or 16 chromosomes. Three mixoploid 14/28 chromosome plants were also recorded. The chromosome constitution of four of the 14-chromosome plants selected for good stress tolerance (see below) is illustrated in Fig. 1. GISH distinguished Festuca and Lolium DNA and revealed large numbers of ...
Scope
... DIRC3-HSPBAP1 is formed by replacing the first coding exon of HSPBAP1 by the first two exons of DIRC3. The fusion transcript most likely encodes a truncated HSPBAP1 protein starting from a internal initiation side embedded in a strong Kozak consensus sequence. ...
... DIRC3-HSPBAP1 is formed by replacing the first coding exon of HSPBAP1 by the first two exons of DIRC3. The fusion transcript most likely encodes a truncated HSPBAP1 protein starting from a internal initiation side embedded in a strong Kozak consensus sequence. ...
Alu - Environmental
... • Alu elements are only found in the primate branch • Each Alu insertion is a unique event and is inherited from each parent • Most occurred millions of years ago and are often on both pairs of chromosomes • There are Alu elements that have occurred since humans branched from other primates • This g ...
... • Alu elements are only found in the primate branch • Each Alu insertion is a unique event and is inherited from each parent • Most occurred millions of years ago and are often on both pairs of chromosomes • There are Alu elements that have occurred since humans branched from other primates • This g ...
Chromosome
A chromosome (chromo- + -some) is a packaged and organized structure containing most of the DNA of a living organism. It is not usually found on its own, but rather is complexed with many structural proteins called histones as well as associated transcription (copying of genetic sequences) factors and several other macromolecules. Two ""sister"" chromatids (half a chromosome) join together at a protein junction called a centromere. Chromosomes are normally visible under a light microscope only when the cell is undergoing mitosis. Even then, the full chromosome containing both joined sister chromatids becomes visible only during a sequence of mitosis known as metaphase (when chromosomes align together, attached to the mitotic spindle and prepare to divide). This DNA and its associated proteins and macromolecules is collectively known as chromatin, which is further packaged along with its associated molecules into a discrete structure called a nucleosome. Chromatin is present in most cells, with a few exceptions - erythrocytes for example. Occurring only in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, chromatin composes the vast majority of all DNA, except for a small amount inherited maternally which is found in mitochondria. In prokaryotic cells, chromatin occurs free-floating in cytoplasm, as these cells lack organelles and a defined nucleus. The main information-carrying macromolecule is a single piece of coiled double-stranded DNA, containing many genes, regulatory elements and other noncoding DNA. The DNA-bound macromolecules are proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions. Chromosomes vary widely between different organisms. Some species such as certain bacteria also contain plasmids or other extrachromosomal DNA. These are circular structures in the cytoplasm which contain cellular DNA and play a role in horizontal gene transfer.Compaction of the duplicated chromosomes during cell division (mitosis or meiosis) results either in a four-arm structure (pictured to the right) if the centromere is located in the middle of the chromosome or a two-arm structure if the centromere is located near one of the ends. Chromosomal recombination during meiosis and subsequent sexual reproduction plays a vital role in genetic diversity. If these structures are manipulated incorrectly, through processes known as chromosomal instability and translocation, the cell may undergo mitotic catastrophe and die, or it may unexpectedly evade apoptosis leading to the progression of cancer.In prokaryotes (see nucleoids) and viruses, the DNA is often densely packed and organized. In the case of archaea by homologs to eukaryotic histones, in the case of bacteria by histone-like proteins. Small circular genomes called plasmids are often found in bacteria and also in mitochondria and chloroplasts, reflecting their bacterial origins.