• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
THINK ABOUT THESE………………
THINK ABOUT THESE………………

... have many genotypes therefore MANY PHENOTYPES (like skin color, eye color) 34. Genetic drift tends to occur in ____?____ population. SMALL 35. What are the 3 types of selection? Can you recognize them? STABILIZING, DIRECTIONAL, DISRUPTIVE 36. Flowers and pollinating insects are examples of?COEVOLUTI ...
Rotation squares
Rotation squares

... The two main parts of the cell cycle are cell growth and mitosis. Which statements about the cell cycle are true? Put ticks () in the boxes next to the correct statements.  The nucleus divides during cell growth.  The chromosomes are copied to form new strands of DNA.  The number of organelles i ...
Heredity and Genetics Vocabulary
Heredity and Genetics Vocabulary

... Meiosis – Process that creates sex cells with one copy of each gene or half the number of chromosomes Cross-Fertilization – A gamete(sex cell) from each parent gives one allele for each trait to make a new organism(humans) # of human chromosomes – 23 pairs or 46 chromosomes X and Y – Human chromosom ...
Biol
Biol

... parents have five children and one is albino. If the dominant and recessive alleles for albinism are designated as “A” and “a” respectively, then the genotypes of the parents can be: A. B. C. D. ...
Lesson 10: Sex cells and Meiosis
Lesson 10: Sex cells and Meiosis

... Our bodies consist of millions of cells. However, all humans begin life as only one cell. The one cell is formed by the joining of two sex cells: one from the mother and one from the father. After 36 hours, the cell divides to form two cells. Five days after the first cell formed., it has divided en ...
Cytogenetics and multifactorial inheritance
Cytogenetics and multifactorial inheritance

... Disorders of chromosomes (2) Structural Disorders (a)Translocation – (t) : reciprocal exchange of chromosome segment (b) Deletion – (del) : loss of genetic material (c) Duplication – (dup) : extra copy of chromosome region (d) Isochromosome – (i) : duplication of one arm and lack of others (e) Ring ...
Biology 393 Midterm Review
Biology 393 Midterm Review

... genetically different from their parents.  Each parent produces a reproductive cell, called a gamete  Fertilization: process when a gamete from one parent (egg) and gamete from other parent (sperm) unite resulting in a cell called a zygote  Because both parents give genetic material, the offsprin ...
Question Answers 4
Question Answers 4

... The principle of independent assortment 1. explains the 3:1 ratio of phenotypes in the F2 generation of Mendel's dihybrid crosses. 2. states that a dihybrid cross is essentially equivalent to a monohybrid cross. 3. arises from the random alignment of different chromosomes at metaphase I of meiosis. ...
Zoo/Bot 3333
Zoo/Bot 3333

... Questions 1-2 pertain to the following. Fertile varieties of the Golana melon are known that contain 14, 28, 42, 56, and 70 chromosomes, respectively. A variety that contains 21 chromosomes exists, but can only be propagated through cuttings. 1. The monoploid number for these Golana melon species is ...
BI 102 – General Biology Instructor: Waite Quiz 3 Study Guide Quiz
BI 102 – General Biology Instructor: Waite Quiz 3 Study Guide Quiz

... What is inheritance? What are traits and how do they relate to chromosomes? What is an allele? A locus? How is a recessive allele different than a dominant allele? Know the difference between heterozygotes and homozygotes. How are genotype and phenotype different? Be able to identify examples. What ...
MASTER SYLLABUS
MASTER SYLLABUS

... compare and contrast DNA and RNA structure. describe how the structure of DNA was determined. explain the determination of DNA as genetic material. explain the semiconservative replication of DNA. describe the structure of a chromosome in prokaryotic cells. describe the packaging of DNA into eukaryo ...
11 Mutations Vocabulary
11 Mutations Vocabulary

... 1. mutation—a change in the DNA code 2. gene mutation—affects the smallest amount of DNA 3. point mutation (or substitution)—gene mutation in which a change in a single base; affects only one codon 4. frameshift insertion—gene mutation in which one or more bases are added 5. frameshift deletion— gen ...
Genetic and Developmental Diseases
Genetic and Developmental Diseases

... 2. The process is called mitosis and can occur with most cells B. Germ cells that develop into sperm and ova undergo a different type of cell division called meiosis 1. One chromosome from each pair is passed on to each gamete (sperm or ovum) 2. Each gamete has only 23 chromosomes 3. When an ovum is ...
T T t t
T T t t

... Sex-linked Genes Sex-linked genes are genes located on the X chromosome.  Most sex-linked traits are recessive.  Males are more likely to show sex-linked traits. ...
Biology B2b file
Biology B2b file

Heredity and Environment
Heredity and Environment

... They contain 4 nitrogen-carbon-hydrogen basis that bond to form specific pairs: adenine can only pair with thymine cytosine can only pair with guanine The combination of base pairs cannot vary ...
Reporting Category 2
Reporting Category 2

... 4 = Ee (parent 2 had to give an e) 7 = Ee (child is ee, so they had to have one e) 12 = ee (affected with recessive condition) ...
1 The drawing shows the chromosomes in th~ nucleus of an
1 The drawing shows the chromosomes in th~ nucleus of an

... Sufferers of beta thalassaemia have defective haemoglobin the protein of red blood cells that is responsible for transporting oxygen around the body. It mainly affects people of Mediterranean Oriental origins. It is characterised by severe anaemia and patients require frequent blood transfusions. Th ...
C. Would you expect cells treated with methotrexate to produce
C. Would you expect cells treated with methotrexate to produce

... chromosome is chromosome II. Remember that karyotypes are made using metaphase chromosomes, so each chromosome shown contains two sister chromatids, though they cannot be distinguished from one another, as they are held together tightly. Karyotype of female parent: ...
Chapter 6: Chromosomes and Cell Reproduction
Chapter 6: Chromosomes and Cell Reproduction

... linked together Genes play important role in determining how an organism’s body develops and functions When genes are being used, the DNA is stretched out so that its information can be used to direct protein production ...
File
File

... XXY = Klinefelter’s syndrome male XXX = Trisomy X female XYY = Jacob’s syndrome male XO = Turner syndrome female ...
YyRr - s3.amazonaws.com
YyRr - s3.amazonaws.com

... becomes 4 Haploid(N) cells. ...
12 Units of Heredity
12 Units of Heredity

... cells  can  be  eliminated  (final   check  point  of  mitosis)   ...
Cell Cycle
Cell Cycle

... 13. In the space below, draw a typical chromosome that you might expect to see in metaphase. Label the chromatids and the centromere. ...
Ch 8 Review Sheet - Mr. Swords` Classes
Ch 8 Review Sheet - Mr. Swords` Classes

... having a tug-of-war with a rope. The rope could represent spindle fibers. The stick figures could be centrioles. Concentration gradient – the direction that molecules will flow. Mitosis – the process by which cells reproduce/divide. Centromere – a protein that holds sister chromatids together. Centr ...
< 1 ... 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 ... 538 >

Chromosome



A chromosome (chromo- + -some) is a packaged and organized structure containing most of the DNA of a living organism. It is not usually found on its own, but rather is complexed with many structural proteins called histones as well as associated transcription (copying of genetic sequences) factors and several other macromolecules. Two ""sister"" chromatids (half a chromosome) join together at a protein junction called a centromere. Chromosomes are normally visible under a light microscope only when the cell is undergoing mitosis. Even then, the full chromosome containing both joined sister chromatids becomes visible only during a sequence of mitosis known as metaphase (when chromosomes align together, attached to the mitotic spindle and prepare to divide). This DNA and its associated proteins and macromolecules is collectively known as chromatin, which is further packaged along with its associated molecules into a discrete structure called a nucleosome. Chromatin is present in most cells, with a few exceptions - erythrocytes for example. Occurring only in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, chromatin composes the vast majority of all DNA, except for a small amount inherited maternally which is found in mitochondria. In prokaryotic cells, chromatin occurs free-floating in cytoplasm, as these cells lack organelles and a defined nucleus. The main information-carrying macromolecule is a single piece of coiled double-stranded DNA, containing many genes, regulatory elements and other noncoding DNA. The DNA-bound macromolecules are proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions. Chromosomes vary widely between different organisms. Some species such as certain bacteria also contain plasmids or other extrachromosomal DNA. These are circular structures in the cytoplasm which contain cellular DNA and play a role in horizontal gene transfer.Compaction of the duplicated chromosomes during cell division (mitosis or meiosis) results either in a four-arm structure (pictured to the right) if the centromere is located in the middle of the chromosome or a two-arm structure if the centromere is located near one of the ends. Chromosomal recombination during meiosis and subsequent sexual reproduction plays a vital role in genetic diversity. If these structures are manipulated incorrectly, through processes known as chromosomal instability and translocation, the cell may undergo mitotic catastrophe and die, or it may unexpectedly evade apoptosis leading to the progression of cancer.In prokaryotes (see nucleoids) and viruses, the DNA is often densely packed and organized. In the case of archaea by homologs to eukaryotic histones, in the case of bacteria by histone-like proteins. Small circular genomes called plasmids are often found in bacteria and also in mitochondria and chloroplasts, reflecting their bacterial origins.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report