Genetics Exam 2
... E. DNA content essentially doubles _____During prophase of mitosis ___. A. DNA recombines B. Sister chromatids move to opposite poles C. The nuclear membrane disappears D. RNA replicates E. DNA content essentially doubles _____An autosome is ___. A. a non-sex determining chromosome B. an alternate f ...
... E. DNA content essentially doubles _____During prophase of mitosis ___. A. DNA recombines B. Sister chromatids move to opposite poles C. The nuclear membrane disappears D. RNA replicates E. DNA content essentially doubles _____An autosome is ___. A. a non-sex determining chromosome B. an alternate f ...
Module - Discovering the Genome
... http://www.dnai.org/c/index.html (Select Genome / Tour) Video on how gene duplication can lead to ...
... http://www.dnai.org/c/index.html (Select Genome / Tour) Video on how gene duplication can lead to ...
Cell Cycle Lab Instructions
... The cell will now enter what is known as the M phase of the cell cycle, or mitosis. During mitosis, the nucleus and its contents will be divided into two nuclei with equal amounts of chromosomes (DNA) in each. The cell itself will not actually divide until later. Mitosis consists of 4 stages: propha ...
... The cell will now enter what is known as the M phase of the cell cycle, or mitosis. During mitosis, the nucleus and its contents will be divided into two nuclei with equal amounts of chromosomes (DNA) in each. The cell itself will not actually divide until later. Mitosis consists of 4 stages: propha ...
DNA Reccombination
... exchange that attempted to explain geneconversion events that occur during meiosis in fungi. That model first proposed in 1964 and is now known as the Holliday Junction. In 1975 he suggested that DNA methylation could be an important mechanism for the control of gene expression in higher organisms, ...
... exchange that attempted to explain geneconversion events that occur during meiosis in fungi. That model first proposed in 1964 and is now known as the Holliday Junction. In 1975 he suggested that DNA methylation could be an important mechanism for the control of gene expression in higher organisms, ...
Basics of Plant Growth - Modesto Junior College
... division, but in sexual organisms they may be formed by fusion of gametes. • A cell is the most elementary unit of life. • Every cell is bounded by a plasma membrane. ...
... division, but in sexual organisms they may be formed by fusion of gametes. • A cell is the most elementary unit of life. • Every cell is bounded by a plasma membrane. ...
Y Chromosome: Unraveling the Mystery and Exploring
... Q2: What does the Y do? A2: The Y codes for male anatomical features, sperm production, and regulation of some autosomal genes Q3: What can we learn from the Y chromosome? ...
... Q2: What does the Y do? A2: The Y codes for male anatomical features, sperm production, and regulation of some autosomal genes Q3: What can we learn from the Y chromosome? ...
MEIOSIS Notes
... Random assortment Since the combination of maternal and parental chromosomes received by a gamete is random. And we have 23 pairs of chromosomes The possible combinations in an egg or a sperm are 223 = 8,388,608 combinations in an offspring 223 X 223 = 70,368,744,177,664 Result: Generates new combi ...
... Random assortment Since the combination of maternal and parental chromosomes received by a gamete is random. And we have 23 pairs of chromosomes The possible combinations in an egg or a sperm are 223 = 8,388,608 combinations in an offspring 223 X 223 = 70,368,744,177,664 Result: Generates new combi ...
Genetics Review Sheet
... Where are chromosomes located? 2 main scientists that established the structure of DNA? Female scientist who paved the way for them? Shape of DNA? Sugar of DNA? 4 bases of DNA? What pairs with what? How does it copy itself? What is the term for this? MITOSIS Resources: Mitosis Notes ...
... Where are chromosomes located? 2 main scientists that established the structure of DNA? Female scientist who paved the way for them? Shape of DNA? Sugar of DNA? 4 bases of DNA? What pairs with what? How does it copy itself? What is the term for this? MITOSIS Resources: Mitosis Notes ...
Midterm Key - Berkeley MCB
... DNA degrades after an animal dies. Since there are thousands of copies of mtDNA in each cell, there is a better chance of retrieving mtDNA from a long-dead animal than nuclear DNA, of which there are only two copies per cell. The reason that geneticists believe Ashkenazi Jews have such a high frequ ...
... DNA degrades after an animal dies. Since there are thousands of copies of mtDNA in each cell, there is a better chance of retrieving mtDNA from a long-dead animal than nuclear DNA, of which there are only two copies per cell. The reason that geneticists believe Ashkenazi Jews have such a high frequ ...
Process of Meiosis
... KEY CONCEPT: During meiosis, diploid cells undergo two cell divisions that result in haploid cells. Vocabulary: 1. Sister chromatid (p. 173) – __________________________________________________________ 2. Gametogenesis (p. 176) – ____________________________________________________________ 3. Sperm ...
... KEY CONCEPT: During meiosis, diploid cells undergo two cell divisions that result in haploid cells. Vocabulary: 1. Sister chromatid (p. 173) – __________________________________________________________ 2. Gametogenesis (p. 176) – ____________________________________________________________ 3. Sperm ...
Genetics Standards
... result from asexual reproduction (budding and mitosis). In some organisms, all the genes come from a single parent. In organisms that have 2 sexes, typically half of the genes come from each parent. In sexual reproduction, a single specialized cell from the female merges with a specialized cell from ...
... result from asexual reproduction (budding and mitosis). In some organisms, all the genes come from a single parent. In organisms that have 2 sexes, typically half of the genes come from each parent. In sexual reproduction, a single specialized cell from the female merges with a specialized cell from ...
notes - Humble ISD
... A. Sex-Linked Inheritance (pp.307-308) A gene is referred to as “sex-linked” if it is located on a sex chromosome (_____ or _____). In humans, sex-linked genes are almost always located on the larger ________ chromosome. The _____ chromosome is much smaller and carries only a few genes related to __ ...
... A. Sex-Linked Inheritance (pp.307-308) A gene is referred to as “sex-linked” if it is located on a sex chromosome (_____ or _____). In humans, sex-linked genes are almost always located on the larger ________ chromosome. The _____ chromosome is much smaller and carries only a few genes related to __ ...
Mutations that happen during Transcription and
... • Enzymes proofread the DNA and replace incorrect nucleotides with correct nucleotides. • The greater the exposure to a mutagen such as UV light, the more likely is the chance that a mistake will not be corrected. ...
... • Enzymes proofread the DNA and replace incorrect nucleotides with correct nucleotides. • The greater the exposure to a mutagen such as UV light, the more likely is the chance that a mistake will not be corrected. ...
Study Guide – Test Two Organismal Biology Deoxyribonucleic Acid
... o The other starts at 3’ and ends at 5’ o These are called the poles of the double helix Genomes o All the genetic material in its cell o The genome of a prokaryotic cell consists of one circular DNA molecule o The genome of a eukaryotic cell is divided into multiple chromosomes Chromosomes o Long D ...
... o The other starts at 3’ and ends at 5’ o These are called the poles of the double helix Genomes o All the genetic material in its cell o The genome of a prokaryotic cell consists of one circular DNA molecule o The genome of a eukaryotic cell is divided into multiple chromosomes Chromosomes o Long D ...
Module B1a, topic 1 Food chains eg grass → rabbit → fox producer
... James Watson and Francis Crick used x-ray diffraction data collected by Rosalind Franklin to work out the double helix structure of DNA in 1953. The Human Genome Project ( from 1990 James Watson ) finally mapped the 20000 genes of the human genome. Sexual reproduction ( involves fertilisation of an ...
... James Watson and Francis Crick used x-ray diffraction data collected by Rosalind Franklin to work out the double helix structure of DNA in 1953. The Human Genome Project ( from 1990 James Watson ) finally mapped the 20000 genes of the human genome. Sexual reproduction ( involves fertilisation of an ...
BIO 402/502 Advanced Cell & Developmental Biology
... • Introns and Exons : Most of transcribed DNA is intron (~ 90% of the gene sequence), e.g. the chicken ovalbumin gene contains 8 exons & 7 introns in over 7.7 kb of DNA. The exons (mRNA) total only 1.9 kb or about 25% of the total transcript, while the factor VIII blood clotting factor gene is 186 k ...
... • Introns and Exons : Most of transcribed DNA is intron (~ 90% of the gene sequence), e.g. the chicken ovalbumin gene contains 8 exons & 7 introns in over 7.7 kb of DNA. The exons (mRNA) total only 1.9 kb or about 25% of the total transcript, while the factor VIII blood clotting factor gene is 186 k ...
Binary fission is the method by which prokaryotes
... daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell. In unicellular ...
... daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell. In unicellular ...
File
... blue (b). Suppose the alpha male and alpha female of a pack (these are the dominant individuals who do most of the breeding) are black with blue eyes and normal colored with brown eyes, respectively. The female is also heterozygous for both traits. How many of the offspring (assume 16) living in the ...
... blue (b). Suppose the alpha male and alpha female of a pack (these are the dominant individuals who do most of the breeding) are black with blue eyes and normal colored with brown eyes, respectively. The female is also heterozygous for both traits. How many of the offspring (assume 16) living in the ...
MEIOSIS II
... Unless otherwise noted, illustrations are credited to Pearson Education which have been borrowed from BIOLOGY: CONCEPTS AND CONNECTIONS 4th Edition, by Campbell, Reece, Mitchell, and Taylor, ©2003. These images have been produced from the originals by permission of the publisher. These illustrations ...
... Unless otherwise noted, illustrations are credited to Pearson Education which have been borrowed from BIOLOGY: CONCEPTS AND CONNECTIONS 4th Edition, by Campbell, Reece, Mitchell, and Taylor, ©2003. These images have been produced from the originals by permission of the publisher. These illustrations ...
1.3-Meiosis and Gametogenesis
... sexual reproduction Two haploid (1n) gametes are brought together through fertilization to form a diploid (2n) zygote ...
... sexual reproduction Two haploid (1n) gametes are brought together through fertilization to form a diploid (2n) zygote ...
Heredity
... • Chromosomes are made of _______________________________. • Each chromosome contains thousands of genes. • The sequence of bases in a gene forms a _______________________ that tells the cell what protein to produce. Genes on a Chromosome • Chromosomes are made up of many ____________________ joined ...
... • Chromosomes are made of _______________________________. • Each chromosome contains thousands of genes. • The sequence of bases in a gene forms a _______________________ that tells the cell what protein to produce. Genes on a Chromosome • Chromosomes are made up of many ____________________ joined ...
Chromosome
A chromosome (chromo- + -some) is a packaged and organized structure containing most of the DNA of a living organism. It is not usually found on its own, but rather is complexed with many structural proteins called histones as well as associated transcription (copying of genetic sequences) factors and several other macromolecules. Two ""sister"" chromatids (half a chromosome) join together at a protein junction called a centromere. Chromosomes are normally visible under a light microscope only when the cell is undergoing mitosis. Even then, the full chromosome containing both joined sister chromatids becomes visible only during a sequence of mitosis known as metaphase (when chromosomes align together, attached to the mitotic spindle and prepare to divide). This DNA and its associated proteins and macromolecules is collectively known as chromatin, which is further packaged along with its associated molecules into a discrete structure called a nucleosome. Chromatin is present in most cells, with a few exceptions - erythrocytes for example. Occurring only in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, chromatin composes the vast majority of all DNA, except for a small amount inherited maternally which is found in mitochondria. In prokaryotic cells, chromatin occurs free-floating in cytoplasm, as these cells lack organelles and a defined nucleus. The main information-carrying macromolecule is a single piece of coiled double-stranded DNA, containing many genes, regulatory elements and other noncoding DNA. The DNA-bound macromolecules are proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions. Chromosomes vary widely between different organisms. Some species such as certain bacteria also contain plasmids or other extrachromosomal DNA. These are circular structures in the cytoplasm which contain cellular DNA and play a role in horizontal gene transfer.Compaction of the duplicated chromosomes during cell division (mitosis or meiosis) results either in a four-arm structure (pictured to the right) if the centromere is located in the middle of the chromosome or a two-arm structure if the centromere is located near one of the ends. Chromosomal recombination during meiosis and subsequent sexual reproduction plays a vital role in genetic diversity. If these structures are manipulated incorrectly, through processes known as chromosomal instability and translocation, the cell may undergo mitotic catastrophe and die, or it may unexpectedly evade apoptosis leading to the progression of cancer.In prokaryotes (see nucleoids) and viruses, the DNA is often densely packed and organized. In the case of archaea by homologs to eukaryotic histones, in the case of bacteria by histone-like proteins. Small circular genomes called plasmids are often found in bacteria and also in mitochondria and chloroplasts, reflecting their bacterial origins.