File
... is the technique of selective breeding that maintains desirable characteristics in a line of organisms, but increases the risk of genetic defects in certain animal ...
... is the technique of selective breeding that maintains desirable characteristics in a line of organisms, but increases the risk of genetic defects in certain animal ...
SNC2D Genes - Malvern Science
... • Humans have 46 chromosomes in each somatic (body) cell (except the gametes = ovum/sperm, which have 23) • Different species may have different numbers of chromosomes ...
... • Humans have 46 chromosomes in each somatic (body) cell (except the gametes = ovum/sperm, which have 23) • Different species may have different numbers of chromosomes ...
Glossary AV 121017
... cell two alleles are present, one inherited from the mother, the other from the father DeoxyriboNucleic Acid - doublestrand A polymorphic DNA segment at a known chromosomal location. All exons from a genome together The most likely order of DNA segments on the chromosome based on analysis of co-segr ...
... cell two alleles are present, one inherited from the mother, the other from the father DeoxyriboNucleic Acid - doublestrand A polymorphic DNA segment at a known chromosomal location. All exons from a genome together The most likely order of DNA segments on the chromosome based on analysis of co-segr ...
Chromosomes and Cell Division
... Cancer masses (called “tumors”) impede the capability of your other tissues to function ...
... Cancer masses (called “tumors”) impede the capability of your other tissues to function ...
honors biology b final exam review guide
... What are the 2 types of chlorophyll and what color(s) does each absorb and reflect? What are carotenoids? What is a photosystem? Where do the light-dependent reactions take place in the chloroplast? Which photosystem, I or II, is the first to act during the light-dependent reactions? Briefly describ ...
... What are the 2 types of chlorophyll and what color(s) does each absorb and reflect? What are carotenoids? What is a photosystem? Where do the light-dependent reactions take place in the chloroplast? Which photosystem, I or II, is the first to act during the light-dependent reactions? Briefly describ ...
Teacher - Application Genetics Notes Pre AP 13-14
... more drastic – affects entire chromosome, so affects many genes rather than just one caused by failure of the homologous chromosomes to separate normally during meiosis chromosome pairs no longer look the same – too few or too many genes, different shape Examples: Down’s syndrome – (Trisomy 21) 47 c ...
... more drastic – affects entire chromosome, so affects many genes rather than just one caused by failure of the homologous chromosomes to separate normally during meiosis chromosome pairs no longer look the same – too few or too many genes, different shape Examples: Down’s syndrome – (Trisomy 21) 47 c ...
ap ch 15 powerpoint
... 1. A man with hemophilia (a recessive, sex-linked condition) has a daughter of normal phenotype. She marries a man who is normal for the trait. • What is the probability that a daughter of this mating will be a ...
... 1. A man with hemophilia (a recessive, sex-linked condition) has a daughter of normal phenotype. She marries a man who is normal for the trait. • What is the probability that a daughter of this mating will be a ...
Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
... 1. A man with hemophilia (a recessive, sex-linked condition) has a daughter of normal phenotype. She marries a man who is normal for the trait. • What is the probability that a daughter of this mating will be a ...
... 1. A man with hemophilia (a recessive, sex-linked condition) has a daughter of normal phenotype. She marries a man who is normal for the trait. • What is the probability that a daughter of this mating will be a ...
EAs appns
... Charles Darwin specifies four criteria for the process of natural selection to occur: Variation: Organisms in a population must be slightly different from one another. Inheritance: Traits of parent organisms must be passed onto their offspring. Limited space: Only some of the offspring in any ...
... Charles Darwin specifies four criteria for the process of natural selection to occur: Variation: Organisms in a population must be slightly different from one another. Inheritance: Traits of parent organisms must be passed onto their offspring. Limited space: Only some of the offspring in any ...
Ecology of Bacteria and Virus Cycles Worksheet
... (2) _________________________ that return vital nutrients to the environment. Certain types of bacteria use (3) _________________________ gas directly and convert this gas into compounds that plants can use. This process is called (4) _________________________ . Some bacteria called (5) ____________ ...
... (2) _________________________ that return vital nutrients to the environment. Certain types of bacteria use (3) _________________________ gas directly and convert this gas into compounds that plants can use. This process is called (4) _________________________ . Some bacteria called (5) ____________ ...
PCR analysis
... weights). DNA fragments are loaded into an agarose gel slab, which is placed into a chamber filled with a conductive buffer solution. A direct current is passed between wire electrodes at each end of the chamber. DNA fragments are negatively charged, and when placed in an electric field will be draw ...
... weights). DNA fragments are loaded into an agarose gel slab, which is placed into a chamber filled with a conductive buffer solution. A direct current is passed between wire electrodes at each end of the chamber. DNA fragments are negatively charged, and when placed in an electric field will be draw ...
Slide 1
... • Rather than stop replication all together – certainly lethal - the DNA Polymerase is forced to randomly add bases. • This “error prone” repair represents a last chance for survival. Another name for this is “SOS repair”. ...
... • Rather than stop replication all together – certainly lethal - the DNA Polymerase is forced to randomly add bases. • This “error prone” repair represents a last chance for survival. Another name for this is “SOS repair”. ...
Mitosis and Meiosis Pipe Cleaner Simulation: Crossing
... challenge is to come up with a method of moving the chromosomes during cell division so that the end result is two daughter cells with exactly this set of chromosomes. 4. Using his or her own set of pipe cleaners, the teacher will then demonstrate the process of mitosis. The teacher will identify ea ...
... challenge is to come up with a method of moving the chromosomes during cell division so that the end result is two daughter cells with exactly this set of chromosomes. 4. Using his or her own set of pipe cleaners, the teacher will then demonstrate the process of mitosis. The teacher will identify ea ...
Microbial Genetics Part 2
... • Transposons were discovered by Barbara McClintok while studying color variations in Indian Corn. • She believed that the color variations were caused by “jumping genes” that would jump into or out of the middle of the chromosome. • Her theories were met with a great deal of criticism and weren’t a ...
... • Transposons were discovered by Barbara McClintok while studying color variations in Indian Corn. • She believed that the color variations were caused by “jumping genes” that would jump into or out of the middle of the chromosome. • Her theories were met with a great deal of criticism and weren’t a ...
Genetics: Tour of the Basics
... 10. What are the 3 possible combinations of the thumb genes? 11. What kind of thumb will result from H + H? What kind of thumb will result from h + h? What does the term homozygous mean? 12. Predict what kind of thumb a H + h person will have: 13. What kind of thumb do the H + h people have? 14. In ...
... 10. What are the 3 possible combinations of the thumb genes? 11. What kind of thumb will result from H + H? What kind of thumb will result from h + h? What does the term homozygous mean? 12. Predict what kind of thumb a H + h person will have: 13. What kind of thumb do the H + h people have? 14. In ...
Lecture 1: Introduction. Gametogenesis. Fertilization.
... and multilaminar follicles with membrana granulosa and zona pellucida layers) → secondary follicles (with a follicular antrum, cumulus oophorus, theca folliculi interna and externa) → one of the follicles reaches the stage of a tertiary (Graafian) follicle (20-25 mm in diameter) o shortly before ovu ...
... and multilaminar follicles with membrana granulosa and zona pellucida layers) → secondary follicles (with a follicular antrum, cumulus oophorus, theca folliculi interna and externa) → one of the follicles reaches the stage of a tertiary (Graafian) follicle (20-25 mm in diameter) o shortly before ovu ...
Heredity - Madison County Schools
... • ½ chance of coin landing on heads and ½ chance of coin landing on tails • 50% chance of coin landing on heads and 50% chance of coin landing on tails ...
... • ½ chance of coin landing on heads and ½ chance of coin landing on tails • 50% chance of coin landing on heads and 50% chance of coin landing on tails ...
Chapter 15: The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance - AP
... These genes will be transmitted as a unit and will not sort independently. However, during meiosis, crossing over occurs between homologous chromosomes, and the linked genes can become “unlinked.” In general, the farther two genes are from each other along the chromosome, the more often they will co ...
... These genes will be transmitted as a unit and will not sort independently. However, during meiosis, crossing over occurs between homologous chromosomes, and the linked genes can become “unlinked.” In general, the farther two genes are from each other along the chromosome, the more often they will co ...
Lecture 5 Mutation and Genetic Variation
... 2. One of the best documented examples of how new genes can originate concerns the evolution of the gene that codes for the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh). = enzyme that breaks down alcohol (found in rotting fruit). F. Changes in the number of chromosomes. Anueuploid variation – changes in the n ...
... 2. One of the best documented examples of how new genes can originate concerns the evolution of the gene that codes for the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh). = enzyme that breaks down alcohol (found in rotting fruit). F. Changes in the number of chromosomes. Anueuploid variation – changes in the n ...
Sex-linked Inheritance
... What determines if a baby is a male or female? Recall that you have 23 pairs of chromosomes—and one of those pairs is the sex chromosomes. Everyone has two sex chromosomes. Your sex chromosomes can be X or Y. Females have two X chromosomes (XX), while males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome ...
... What determines if a baby is a male or female? Recall that you have 23 pairs of chromosomes—and one of those pairs is the sex chromosomes. Everyone has two sex chromosomes. Your sex chromosomes can be X or Y. Females have two X chromosomes (XX), while males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome ...
Barron`s Ch 7 ppt Heredity
... - All daughters of affected fathers are carriers! -Remember: Sex-linked traits are located on X chromosomes. - Son has 50% percent chance of inheriting sex-linked trait from carrier mother - No “carrier" state for X-linked traits in males. - If male has gene, he will express it! - Uncommon for femal ...
... - All daughters of affected fathers are carriers! -Remember: Sex-linked traits are located on X chromosomes. - Son has 50% percent chance of inheriting sex-linked trait from carrier mother - No “carrier" state for X-linked traits in males. - If male has gene, he will express it! - Uncommon for femal ...
File - Varsity Field
... The P1, F1, and F2 generations are illustrated here. The F2 phenotypic ratio of 1:2:1 for brown-thin: red-thin: red-heavy is characteristic of complete linkage. ...
... The P1, F1, and F2 generations are illustrated here. The F2 phenotypic ratio of 1:2:1 for brown-thin: red-thin: red-heavy is characteristic of complete linkage. ...
Mary Lyon hypothesis: Inactivation of all but one X chromosome
... Mary Lyon hypothesis: Inactivation of all but one X chromosome (dosage compensation). This allows the dosage relationship between # X and # autosomes to be the same in males and females. Females (XX) do not express a sex-linked trait more markedly than hemizygous males X Y). Only one X chromosome re ...
... Mary Lyon hypothesis: Inactivation of all but one X chromosome (dosage compensation). This allows the dosage relationship between # X and # autosomes to be the same in males and females. Females (XX) do not express a sex-linked trait more markedly than hemizygous males X Y). Only one X chromosome re ...
Bio 102 Practice Problems Cell Cycle and Cell Division
... Metaphase, A for Anaphase or T for Telophase. 6. For fruit flies, N=4 and 2N=8. a. Sketch a dividing fruit fly cell which is in prophase I. b. Sketch a dividing fruit fly cell which is in metaphase of mitosis. 7. Genetic analysis of cancer cells shows that they are usually aneuploid (have more or fe ...
... Metaphase, A for Anaphase or T for Telophase. 6. For fruit flies, N=4 and 2N=8. a. Sketch a dividing fruit fly cell which is in prophase I. b. Sketch a dividing fruit fly cell which is in metaphase of mitosis. 7. Genetic analysis of cancer cells shows that they are usually aneuploid (have more or fe ...
Chromosome
A chromosome (chromo- + -some) is a packaged and organized structure containing most of the DNA of a living organism. It is not usually found on its own, but rather is complexed with many structural proteins called histones as well as associated transcription (copying of genetic sequences) factors and several other macromolecules. Two ""sister"" chromatids (half a chromosome) join together at a protein junction called a centromere. Chromosomes are normally visible under a light microscope only when the cell is undergoing mitosis. Even then, the full chromosome containing both joined sister chromatids becomes visible only during a sequence of mitosis known as metaphase (when chromosomes align together, attached to the mitotic spindle and prepare to divide). This DNA and its associated proteins and macromolecules is collectively known as chromatin, which is further packaged along with its associated molecules into a discrete structure called a nucleosome. Chromatin is present in most cells, with a few exceptions - erythrocytes for example. Occurring only in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, chromatin composes the vast majority of all DNA, except for a small amount inherited maternally which is found in mitochondria. In prokaryotic cells, chromatin occurs free-floating in cytoplasm, as these cells lack organelles and a defined nucleus. The main information-carrying macromolecule is a single piece of coiled double-stranded DNA, containing many genes, regulatory elements and other noncoding DNA. The DNA-bound macromolecules are proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions. Chromosomes vary widely between different organisms. Some species such as certain bacteria also contain plasmids or other extrachromosomal DNA. These are circular structures in the cytoplasm which contain cellular DNA and play a role in horizontal gene transfer.Compaction of the duplicated chromosomes during cell division (mitosis or meiosis) results either in a four-arm structure (pictured to the right) if the centromere is located in the middle of the chromosome or a two-arm structure if the centromere is located near one of the ends. Chromosomal recombination during meiosis and subsequent sexual reproduction plays a vital role in genetic diversity. If these structures are manipulated incorrectly, through processes known as chromosomal instability and translocation, the cell may undergo mitotic catastrophe and die, or it may unexpectedly evade apoptosis leading to the progression of cancer.In prokaryotes (see nucleoids) and viruses, the DNA is often densely packed and organized. In the case of archaea by homologs to eukaryotic histones, in the case of bacteria by histone-like proteins. Small circular genomes called plasmids are often found in bacteria and also in mitochondria and chloroplasts, reflecting their bacterial origins.