Chapter 3 - Victoria College
... – Genes direct synthesis of specific protein • Non-dividing cells contain nuclear chromatin – Loosely packed DNA, RNA & protein complex – Histones = proteins that direct DNA folding • Dividing cells contain chromosomes – Tightly packed DNA – DNA copied itself before condensing into chromatids ...
... – Genes direct synthesis of specific protein • Non-dividing cells contain nuclear chromatin – Loosely packed DNA, RNA & protein complex – Histones = proteins that direct DNA folding • Dividing cells contain chromosomes – Tightly packed DNA – DNA copied itself before condensing into chromatids ...
ANIMAL CELL Plant CELL
... ~There are two types of respiration. One of them includes us breathing in and out. The other can happen in plants, animals, and people cells. ~Respiration occurs in individual cells. ~Photosynthesis and Respiration are opposites. ~In cellular respiration, the sugars that are made in photosynthesis a ...
... ~There are two types of respiration. One of them includes us breathing in and out. The other can happen in plants, animals, and people cells. ~Respiration occurs in individual cells. ~Photosynthesis and Respiration are opposites. ~In cellular respiration, the sugars that are made in photosynthesis a ...
Prokaryotes - Nicholls State University
... across the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts. Prokaryotes P k create proton gradients di on either side of a highly folded plasma membrane. This allows for respiration p and photosynthesis without specialized membrane-enclosed organelles. ...
... across the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts. Prokaryotes P k create proton gradients di on either side of a highly folded plasma membrane. This allows for respiration p and photosynthesis without specialized membrane-enclosed organelles. ...
Biology end of the year material review
... 33. If a homozygous tall, homozygous round seeded plant is crossed with a heterozygous tall, heterozygous round seeded plant, what percent of the offspring would be homozygous tall, homozygous round? 34. The gene for color vision (C) is dominant to the gene for color blindness (c) and is located on ...
... 33. If a homozygous tall, homozygous round seeded plant is crossed with a heterozygous tall, heterozygous round seeded plant, what percent of the offspring would be homozygous tall, homozygous round? 34. The gene for color vision (C) is dominant to the gene for color blindness (c) and is located on ...
Mei-S332, a Drosophila Protein Required for Sister
... were not found to be interlocked, even though they segregated faithfully (Koshland and Hartwell, 1987). Several approaches have identified chromosomal proteins that may promote association of the sister chromatids. The inner centromere proteins (INCENPs) were isolated as antigens localized between t ...
... were not found to be interlocked, even though they segregated faithfully (Koshland and Hartwell, 1987). Several approaches have identified chromosomal proteins that may promote association of the sister chromatids. The inner centromere proteins (INCENPs) were isolated as antigens localized between t ...
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... variegation in Drosophila: bringing a euchromatic gene in the vicinity of heterochromatin can influence its expression; myc gene in Burkitt lymphoma) Linkage group can influence gene expession or transmission; (e.g. abl gene; effects of adjacent segregation in reciprocal translocation heterozygotes) ...
... variegation in Drosophila: bringing a euchromatic gene in the vicinity of heterochromatin can influence its expression; myc gene in Burkitt lymphoma) Linkage group can influence gene expession or transmission; (e.g. abl gene; effects of adjacent segregation in reciprocal translocation heterozygotes) ...
DNA: the Genetic Material Chapter 9.1
... a vaccine against a bacterium called Streptococcus pneumoniae. S. pneumoniae is the bacteria that causes ...
... a vaccine against a bacterium called Streptococcus pneumoniae. S. pneumoniae is the bacteria that causes ...
Patterns of Heredity Note Packet
... their X chromosome. o X-linked traits most likely will be _______________to the normal condition and the Y chromosome lacks the gene for a trait, so males have a higher chance of having the disorder. These traits generally do NOT show up in ______________ since females have genes on both their X c ...
... their X chromosome. o X-linked traits most likely will be _______________to the normal condition and the Y chromosome lacks the gene for a trait, so males have a higher chance of having the disorder. These traits generally do NOT show up in ______________ since females have genes on both their X c ...
Bacterial Variation
... iii) Phase Variation - The flagellar antigens are one of the main antigens to which the immune response is directed in our attempt to fight off a bacterial infection. In Salmonella there are two genes which code for two antigenically different flagellar antigens. The expression of these genes is reg ...
... iii) Phase Variation - The flagellar antigens are one of the main antigens to which the immune response is directed in our attempt to fight off a bacterial infection. In Salmonella there are two genes which code for two antigenically different flagellar antigens. The expression of these genes is reg ...
Slide 1
... ethnic background or if there is a family history of the disease. • Examples of carrier tests include those for Tay-Sachs disease or sickle cell disease. ...
... ethnic background or if there is a family history of the disease. • Examples of carrier tests include those for Tay-Sachs disease or sickle cell disease. ...
Transformation
... which initiates DNA transfer. Also contains genes for hair-like cell surface (F-pili or sexpili), which aid in contact between cells. 6. No conjugation can occur between cells of the same mating type. 7. Conjugation begins when the F plasmid is nicked at the origin, and a single strand is transferre ...
... which initiates DNA transfer. Also contains genes for hair-like cell surface (F-pili or sexpili), which aid in contact between cells. 6. No conjugation can occur between cells of the same mating type. 7. Conjugation begins when the F plasmid is nicked at the origin, and a single strand is transferre ...
Genes and Chromosomes Foldable
... 4. On page 2, draw the nucleus. Make it the same size as the nucleus on the first page. The easiest way to do this is to trace it through page 1. ...
... 4. On page 2, draw the nucleus. Make it the same size as the nucleus on the first page. The easiest way to do this is to trace it through page 1. ...
Chapter 7: Extending Mendelian Genetics
... chromosome gene products (RNA or proteins) as males, which only possess a single copy of the X chromosome. • Abnormal amounts of gene products can be related to oncogenes ...
... chromosome gene products (RNA or proteins) as males, which only possess a single copy of the X chromosome. • Abnormal amounts of gene products can be related to oncogenes ...
Physical Science - Central Lyon CSD
... 31. What is binary fission and where does this process take place? 32. How many chromosomes does the human body have? How many come from the female parent and how many come from the male parent? 33. What is the difference between a haploid and diploid cell? Give an example for each. 34. A fertilized ...
... 31. What is binary fission and where does this process take place? 32. How many chromosomes does the human body have? How many come from the female parent and how many come from the male parent? 33. What is the difference between a haploid and diploid cell? Give an example for each. 34. A fertilized ...
class03.pps - CS Technion
... corrected value kp is then compared against the level of 0.05 to decide if it is significant. If the corrected value is still less than 0.05, only then is the null hypothesis rejected. ...
... corrected value kp is then compared against the level of 0.05 to decide if it is significant. If the corrected value is still less than 0.05, only then is the null hypothesis rejected. ...
new03
... corrected value kp is then compared against the level of 0.05 to decide if it is significant. If the corrected value is still less than 0.05, only then is the null hypothesis rejected. ...
... corrected value kp is then compared against the level of 0.05 to decide if it is significant. If the corrected value is still less than 0.05, only then is the null hypothesis rejected. ...
Chrom. I - UCSF Biochemistry
... cells die, but leave ugly corpses cells do not die cells do not die ...
... cells die, but leave ugly corpses cells do not die cells do not die ...
Lecture 10 Slides – Chiaretti Paper
... 46,XX - Normal Female Karyotype 46,XY - Normal Male Karyotype ...
... 46,XX - Normal Female Karyotype 46,XY - Normal Male Karyotype ...
Chromosome
A chromosome (chromo- + -some) is a packaged and organized structure containing most of the DNA of a living organism. It is not usually found on its own, but rather is complexed with many structural proteins called histones as well as associated transcription (copying of genetic sequences) factors and several other macromolecules. Two ""sister"" chromatids (half a chromosome) join together at a protein junction called a centromere. Chromosomes are normally visible under a light microscope only when the cell is undergoing mitosis. Even then, the full chromosome containing both joined sister chromatids becomes visible only during a sequence of mitosis known as metaphase (when chromosomes align together, attached to the mitotic spindle and prepare to divide). This DNA and its associated proteins and macromolecules is collectively known as chromatin, which is further packaged along with its associated molecules into a discrete structure called a nucleosome. Chromatin is present in most cells, with a few exceptions - erythrocytes for example. Occurring only in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, chromatin composes the vast majority of all DNA, except for a small amount inherited maternally which is found in mitochondria. In prokaryotic cells, chromatin occurs free-floating in cytoplasm, as these cells lack organelles and a defined nucleus. The main information-carrying macromolecule is a single piece of coiled double-stranded DNA, containing many genes, regulatory elements and other noncoding DNA. The DNA-bound macromolecules are proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions. Chromosomes vary widely between different organisms. Some species such as certain bacteria also contain plasmids or other extrachromosomal DNA. These are circular structures in the cytoplasm which contain cellular DNA and play a role in horizontal gene transfer.Compaction of the duplicated chromosomes during cell division (mitosis or meiosis) results either in a four-arm structure (pictured to the right) if the centromere is located in the middle of the chromosome or a two-arm structure if the centromere is located near one of the ends. Chromosomal recombination during meiosis and subsequent sexual reproduction plays a vital role in genetic diversity. If these structures are manipulated incorrectly, through processes known as chromosomal instability and translocation, the cell may undergo mitotic catastrophe and die, or it may unexpectedly evade apoptosis leading to the progression of cancer.In prokaryotes (see nucleoids) and viruses, the DNA is often densely packed and organized. In the case of archaea by homologs to eukaryotic histones, in the case of bacteria by histone-like proteins. Small circular genomes called plasmids are often found in bacteria and also in mitochondria and chloroplasts, reflecting their bacterial origins.