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Biology Exam Review Guide
Exam Date: Dec 17/18 (In Class)
De Stigter
Name_____________
Period ____________
*Use notes, assignments, tests, study guides, etc.
150
*Completed study guide = 10 pts added to Exam
*1st half of test will be administered on Dec 17 and the 2nd half of the test will be administered on Dec 18.
Chapter 1-3 – The Science of Life…Biology as a Science…Matter and
Energy
1. What is biology? What is an organism? What are 3 common characteristics of all organisms?
2. What are 5 parts to the scientific process? Give an example of a law and a theory. Why are they
different?
3. What are the 5 basic parts of the microscope and what do they do?
4. What are the 3 types of microscopes? Where and how are they used?
5. What is they S.I. System and why do we use it?
6. Convert the following in the S.I. System:
a. 2300 mg  kg
b. 4.567 s  ms
d. 56.34 K  cK
e. 0.00003 kg  dg
c. 43.3 hl  cl
f. 1.23 cg  g
7. What are the three most basic parts to an atom? What are their respective charges and where are they
found?
8. What is an element? List 4 of them and their symbols.
9. Balance the following chemical formulas:
a. ___Al + ____Cl2  ____AlCl3
b. ___N2 + ___O2  ___NO2
10. What is an organic compound? What is its ratio? Give an example.
11. What are the common types of simple sugars? What are the disaccharides? The polysaccharides?
12. What are lipids and what are they used for?
13. What are proteins and what are they used for?
14. What is the difference between hydrolysis and condensation reactions?
15. What are the two different types of energy? Give an example for each.
Chapter 4 – The Cell and It’s Environment
16. Who was Hooke and what is he famous for? What about Virchow?
17. What is the cellular theory? (3 parts)
18. What is a plasma membrane and why is important for a cell? What are the two parts of the lipid
bilayer? How does it work?
19. What is osmosis and why is it important? How does fluid travel?
20. What are the 3 types of facilitated diffusion? How does each of them work?
21. What is active transport and why is it important for salt water fish?
22. What is endocytosis and what are the 2 types? How is exocytosis different?
Chapter 5 – Inside the Cell
23. What are the organizational levels for cells? Give an example for each.
24. Define the following organelles of a cell: ER (smooth and rough), ribosomes, golgi bodies,
mitochondria, nucleus, chromatin, nuclear membrane, nucleoli, plastids, chloroplasts, lysosomes,
vacuoles, cytoskeleton, microfilaments, microtubules and centrioles.
25. Explain what symbiosis is and give an example of it.
Chapter 7 – Cellular Reproduction
26. What is spontaneous generation? Who disproved and how did they do it?
27. What are the 4 stages of mitosis and what occurs during each stage? What cells use mitosis?
28. Be able to identify the different stages of mitosis on both slides and pictures.
29. How is cancer related to mitosis? What is cancer and why is it deadly?
30. How do cells know when to quit duplicating? Be specific.
31. What is binary fission and where does this process take place?
32. How many chromosomes does the human body have? How many come from the female parent and
how many come from the male parent?
33. What is the difference between a haploid and diploid cell? Give an example for each.
34. A fertilized egg is called this?
35. Define meiosis and explain how it is different than mitosis?
36. What are the stages for Meiosis I and Meiosis II? What happens during these stages?
37. How is meiosis in females different than in males? Why is this important?
38. Why is genetic recombination important?
Chapter 8 - Heredity
39. Who was Mendel and why is he famous?
40. Draw a Punnett Square of Mendel’s homozygous dominant purple flower crossing with a homozygous
recessive white flower. (F1)
41. Show Mendel’s F2 generation. What was unexpected about this generation?
42. Why is “red + white = pink” similar to incomplete dominance? Give an example.
43. A woman has blood type B and marries a man who has blood type A. Describe the genotypic and
phenotypic ratios/characteristics of their 4 children. Assume 1 of their children has type O blood.
44. Explain how male and female chromosomes are different. Show a Punnett Square with the percentages
of having a male offspring.
45. The sex linked trait for a striped coat of a tiger is dominant “S”. A non-striped tiger has “s”. Suppose a
male striped tiger mates with a female who has homozygous recessive genes for being non-striped.
What is the percent chance that one of their offspring is striped?
46. What is continuous variation and why is it important? Think tall = capitals / short = lower case
47. What are other factors that influence the appearance of an organism?