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Schizophrenia 精神分裂癥
Schizophrenia 精神分裂癥

... A "map" of the chromosomes in the human body ...
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Biology EOCT Glossary Review by Domain Cells SB1 This category

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... c) for white and miniature, distance is large (~37.6 m.u.); for yellow and white, distance between genes in much smaller (~1.4 m.u.); ...
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Cell Repro and Genetics Guided Review
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DNA Webquest - Fredericksburg City Schools
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... *35. A young couple is planning to have children. Knowing that there have been a substantial number of stillbirths, miscarriages, and fertility problems on the husband’s side of the family, they see a genetic counselor. A chromosome analysis reveals that, whereas the woman has a normal karyotype, th ...
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... c) for white and miniature, distance is large (~37.6 m.u.); for yellow and white, distance between genes in much smaller (~1.4 m.u.); d) the closer the loci, the greater the number of progeny that must be examined to detect a crossover event. 4. Conclusions from Linkage Experiments. a) Genes are lin ...
This outline is designed to provide you with a general summary of
This outline is designed to provide you with a general summary of

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Sex Linked Inheritance

... • A human female, has 23 pair of chromosomes • A human male, has 22 similar pairs and one pair consisting of two chromosomes that are dissimilar in size and structure. • The 23 rd pair in both the sexes is called sex chromosomes • the female, XX. the male, XY ...
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Chromosome



A chromosome (chromo- + -some) is a packaged and organized structure containing most of the DNA of a living organism. It is not usually found on its own, but rather is complexed with many structural proteins called histones as well as associated transcription (copying of genetic sequences) factors and several other macromolecules. Two ""sister"" chromatids (half a chromosome) join together at a protein junction called a centromere. Chromosomes are normally visible under a light microscope only when the cell is undergoing mitosis. Even then, the full chromosome containing both joined sister chromatids becomes visible only during a sequence of mitosis known as metaphase (when chromosomes align together, attached to the mitotic spindle and prepare to divide). This DNA and its associated proteins and macromolecules is collectively known as chromatin, which is further packaged along with its associated molecules into a discrete structure called a nucleosome. Chromatin is present in most cells, with a few exceptions - erythrocytes for example. Occurring only in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, chromatin composes the vast majority of all DNA, except for a small amount inherited maternally which is found in mitochondria. In prokaryotic cells, chromatin occurs free-floating in cytoplasm, as these cells lack organelles and a defined nucleus. The main information-carrying macromolecule is a single piece of coiled double-stranded DNA, containing many genes, regulatory elements and other noncoding DNA. The DNA-bound macromolecules are proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions. Chromosomes vary widely between different organisms. Some species such as certain bacteria also contain plasmids or other extrachromosomal DNA. These are circular structures in the cytoplasm which contain cellular DNA and play a role in horizontal gene transfer.Compaction of the duplicated chromosomes during cell division (mitosis or meiosis) results either in a four-arm structure (pictured to the right) if the centromere is located in the middle of the chromosome or a two-arm structure if the centromere is located near one of the ends. Chromosomal recombination during meiosis and subsequent sexual reproduction plays a vital role in genetic diversity. If these structures are manipulated incorrectly, through processes known as chromosomal instability and translocation, the cell may undergo mitotic catastrophe and die, or it may unexpectedly evade apoptosis leading to the progression of cancer.In prokaryotes (see nucleoids) and viruses, the DNA is often densely packed and organized. In the case of archaea by homologs to eukaryotic histones, in the case of bacteria by histone-like proteins. Small circular genomes called plasmids are often found in bacteria and also in mitochondria and chloroplasts, reflecting their bacterial origins.
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