Much of our original knowledge of interstellar dust comes from a
... Suppose we have very big particles, e.g., planets or asteroids. Now in general, the l.h.s. of the radiative balance is dominated by optical/UV photons and the r.h.s. by the emission of infrared photons. Let us take the average visual albedo to be A, implying Qabs=1A, and the average emissivity ...
... Suppose we have very big particles, e.g., planets or asteroids. Now in general, the l.h.s. of the radiative balance is dominated by optical/UV photons and the r.h.s. by the emission of infrared photons. Let us take the average visual albedo to be A, implying Qabs=1A, and the average emissivity ...
Is it possible to measure the Lense-Thirring effect on the orbits of the
... of the orbital motion of Mercury will improve thanks to the future hermean missions Messenger (see on the WEB http://messenger.jhuapl.edu/ and http://discovery.nasa.gov/messenger.html), which has been launched in the summer 2004 and whose encounter with Mercury is scheduled for 2011, and, especially ...
... of the orbital motion of Mercury will improve thanks to the future hermean missions Messenger (see on the WEB http://messenger.jhuapl.edu/ and http://discovery.nasa.gov/messenger.html), which has been launched in the summer 2004 and whose encounter with Mercury is scheduled for 2011, and, especially ...
Solar and Stellar Active Regions
... Since the magnetic Reynolds number is very large in the solar corona, MHD theory states that magnetic energy can only be released in localized regions where the magnetic field forms small scale structures and steep gradients, i.e. in thin current sheets (TCS). Numerous articles (see recent reviews [ ...
... Since the magnetic Reynolds number is very large in the solar corona, MHD theory states that magnetic energy can only be released in localized regions where the magnetic field forms small scale structures and steep gradients, i.e. in thin current sheets (TCS). Numerous articles (see recent reviews [ ...
The Moon - DTFizzix
... Comets are icy bodies about 10 km or less across that can grow very long tails of gas and dust as they near the Sun and are vaporized by its heat ...
... Comets are icy bodies about 10 km or less across that can grow very long tails of gas and dust as they near the Sun and are vaporized by its heat ...
Kinematics of the Solar Neighborhood
... In practice the velocity ellipsoid for a given ensemble of stars (e.g. all stars of a given stellar type) is never prefectly diagonalized. The most significant term to be added to (15.13) is proportional to u(v − va ), indicating that the velocity ellipsoid lies in the plane of the disk, but is not ...
... In practice the velocity ellipsoid for a given ensemble of stars (e.g. all stars of a given stellar type) is never prefectly diagonalized. The most significant term to be added to (15.13) is proportional to u(v − va ), indicating that the velocity ellipsoid lies in the plane of the disk, but is not ...
C-14 is used to date
... 2.The composition of the atmosphere has not varied, including CO2, nitrogen, ozone, and other atmospheric gases. 3.The strength of the magnetic field of the sun and earth has not varied. 4.The ratio of C-14 and C-12 has not varied, this would include volcanic eruptions and the amount of C trapped in ...
... 2.The composition of the atmosphere has not varied, including CO2, nitrogen, ozone, and other atmospheric gases. 3.The strength of the magnetic field of the sun and earth has not varied. 4.The ratio of C-14 and C-12 has not varied, this would include volcanic eruptions and the amount of C trapped in ...
Chapter 10
... Origin of the Asteroids • From their composition, size, and location, asteroids support the solar nebula hypothesis and are thought to be fragments of planetesimals • For this connection to be established, differentiation needed to occur in large asteroids • Fragmentation of these early large aster ...
... Origin of the Asteroids • From their composition, size, and location, asteroids support the solar nebula hypothesis and are thought to be fragments of planetesimals • For this connection to be established, differentiation needed to occur in large asteroids • Fragmentation of these early large aster ...
Cosmic Rays
... Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) come from outside the solar system but generally from within our Milky Way galaxy. GCRs are atomic nuclei from which all of the surrounding electrons have been stripped away during their high-speed passage through the galaxy. They have probably been accelerated within ...
... Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) come from outside the solar system but generally from within our Milky Way galaxy. GCRs are atomic nuclei from which all of the surrounding electrons have been stripped away during their high-speed passage through the galaxy. They have probably been accelerated within ...
Interpretations of Solar System Phenomena according to the
... system sharing a common origin. If this were so, the apparent disparities found in the distribution of angular momentum amongst the constituent objects would indeed constitute a “problem” needing a solution. But, since the “system” is the result of an historical process – a process, I should add, th ...
... system sharing a common origin. If this were so, the apparent disparities found in the distribution of angular momentum amongst the constituent objects would indeed constitute a “problem” needing a solution. But, since the “system” is the result of an historical process – a process, I should add, th ...
Migrating planets and migrating theories
... much closer to our sun than where they currently reside. Also, at one time Jupiter and Saturn supposedly had different orbits that nudged Uranus and Neptune just right to cause them to migrate outward from the sun. The model also proposes that matter left over after planet formation would cause the ...
... much closer to our sun than where they currently reside. Also, at one time Jupiter and Saturn supposedly had different orbits that nudged Uranus and Neptune just right to cause them to migrate outward from the sun. The model also proposes that matter left over after planet formation would cause the ...
BIG Education Pack:
... BIG introduces students and teachers to a wide range of concepts. Consequently the following is an index and glossary of useful figures and terms that may help to improve the understanding of the subject matter or act as a reference point: All the figures will be presented in SI units i.e. degrees K ...
... BIG introduces students and teachers to a wide range of concepts. Consequently the following is an index and glossary of useful figures and terms that may help to improve the understanding of the subject matter or act as a reference point: All the figures will be presented in SI units i.e. degrees K ...
Asteroids and Comets
... planetesimals, then were tossed into the Oort cloud by those planets The shape of the Oort cloud is determined from observations of comet orbits Some comet orbits seem to come from a flatter, less remote region – the Kuiper belt, which extends from Neptune’s orbit out to some unknown distance – ...
... planetesimals, then were tossed into the Oort cloud by those planets The shape of the Oort cloud is determined from observations of comet orbits Some comet orbits seem to come from a flatter, less remote region – the Kuiper belt, which extends from Neptune’s orbit out to some unknown distance – ...
Chapter 10 - Relativity Group
... are thought to be fragments of planetesimals • For this connection to be established, differentiation needed to occur in large asteroids • Fragmentation of these early large asteroids (planetesimals) through collisions created the stony and iron asteroids we see today • Asteroid belt is the result o ...
... are thought to be fragments of planetesimals • For this connection to be established, differentiation needed to occur in large asteroids • Fragmentation of these early large asteroids (planetesimals) through collisions created the stony and iron asteroids we see today • Asteroid belt is the result o ...
It is now well known that the constellations of the Zodiac
... ZI BA AN NA In Akkadian the Scales are also known as zibānītu – ‘a set of weighing scales’. In later periods the Scales could also be written ‘Mul Giš Erin2’. The Erin-sign had by this time become assimilated to a variant of the sign for sun called the Zalag-sign – a testament to the close affinity ...
... ZI BA AN NA In Akkadian the Scales are also known as zibānītu – ‘a set of weighing scales’. In later periods the Scales could also be written ‘Mul Giš Erin2’. The Erin-sign had by this time become assimilated to a variant of the sign for sun called the Zalag-sign – a testament to the close affinity ...
Ch11_Lecture
... Origin of the Asteroids • From their composition, size, and location, asteroids support the solar nebula hypothesis and are thought to be fragments of planetesimals • For this connection to be established, differentiation needed to occur in large asteroids • Fragmentation of these early large aster ...
... Origin of the Asteroids • From their composition, size, and location, asteroids support the solar nebula hypothesis and are thought to be fragments of planetesimals • For this connection to be established, differentiation needed to occur in large asteroids • Fragmentation of these early large aster ...
Cluster mission and data analysis for the March 2001
... tetrahedral formation around the Earth and the orbit was designed so that the satellites cover the bow shock in front of the Earth or the plasma sheet in the tail region (see Figure 1). The relative distance between the spacecraft can be adjusted between 200 km in the cusp and 20 000 km in the magne ...
... tetrahedral formation around the Earth and the orbit was designed so that the satellites cover the bow shock in front of the Earth or the plasma sheet in the tail region (see Figure 1). The relative distance between the spacecraft can be adjusted between 200 km in the cusp and 20 000 km in the magne ...
pdf format
... Origin of the Asteroids • From their composition, size, and location, asteroids support the solar nebula hypothesis and are thought to be fragments of planetesimals • For this connection to be established, differentiation needed to occur in large asteroids • Fragmentation of these early large aster ...
... Origin of the Asteroids • From their composition, size, and location, asteroids support the solar nebula hypothesis and are thought to be fragments of planetesimals • For this connection to be established, differentiation needed to occur in large asteroids • Fragmentation of these early large aster ...
Introduction to the Solar System
... Since the early 1990s, astronomers have discovered other solar systems, with planets orbiting stars other than our own Sun (called "extrasolar planets" or simply "exoplanets") (Figure 1.5). Some extrasolar planets have been directly imaged, but most have been discovered by indirect methods. One tech ...
... Since the early 1990s, astronomers have discovered other solar systems, with planets orbiting stars other than our own Sun (called "extrasolar planets" or simply "exoplanets") (Figure 1.5). Some extrasolar planets have been directly imaged, but most have been discovered by indirect methods. One tech ...
The model of the formation of solar system formation in The Urantia
... The fact that the Urantia Book espouses a model that involves tidal gravity action on the sun has caused some concern that the book simply contains outdated science, which can be construed as evidence of purely human origin, as Martin Gardner has asserted in his critical book [64]. However, the Uran ...
... The fact that the Urantia Book espouses a model that involves tidal gravity action on the sun has caused some concern that the book simply contains outdated science, which can be construed as evidence of purely human origin, as Martin Gardner has asserted in his critical book [64]. However, the Uran ...
scholer-shocks-ii
... Specular reflection in HT frame: guiding center motion is directed into downstream About 30% of incoming solar wind is specularly reflected ...
... Specular reflection in HT frame: guiding center motion is directed into downstream About 30% of incoming solar wind is specularly reflected ...
GALAXIES Reading Comprehension
... A galaxy is a massive complex or system of stars, remnants of stars, an interstellar medium of gas and dust, and dark matter. Some include multiple star systems, clusters, and interstellar clouds. Galaxies are bound by gravity and contain from millions to ...
... A galaxy is a massive complex or system of stars, remnants of stars, an interstellar medium of gas and dust, and dark matter. Some include multiple star systems, clusters, and interstellar clouds. Galaxies are bound by gravity and contain from millions to ...
ASTR 330: The Solar System Example Dr Conor Nixon Fall 2006
... • Gas is what makes up the atmosphere of a planet. • For the Earth, we have a unique atmosphere of nitrogen (N2 78%) and oxygen (O2 20%). Oxygen gas would not exist without plants! • For Mars and Venus, the main atmospheric gas is carbon dioxide, CO2. Without life on Earth, our atmosphere would have ...
... • Gas is what makes up the atmosphere of a planet. • For the Earth, we have a unique atmosphere of nitrogen (N2 78%) and oxygen (O2 20%). Oxygen gas would not exist without plants! • For Mars and Venus, the main atmospheric gas is carbon dioxide, CO2. Without life on Earth, our atmosphere would have ...
The Magnetic Universe
... object’s interior, this can only work if one and Hall clearly showed that this was not our Milky Way. If we could somehow step starts with some weak initial magnetism. the case. If starlight is supposed to be outside our Galaxy and look down on it This presumably was present when the unpolarised, th ...
... object’s interior, this can only work if one and Hall clearly showed that this was not our Milky Way. If we could somehow step starts with some weak initial magnetism. the case. If starlight is supposed to be outside our Galaxy and look down on it This presumably was present when the unpolarised, th ...
Heliosphere
The heliosphere is the bubble-like region of space dominated by the Sun, which extends far beyond the orbit of Pluto. Plasma ""blown"" out from the Sun, known as the solar wind, creates and maintains this bubble against the outside pressure of the interstellar medium, the hydrogen and helium gas that permeates the Milky Way Galaxy. The solar wind flows outward from the Sun until encountering the termination shock, where motion slows abruptly. The Voyager spacecraft have actively explored the outer reaches of the heliosphere, passing through the shock and entering the heliosheath, a transitional region which is in turn bounded by the outermost edge of the heliosphere, called the heliopause. The overall shape of the heliosphere is controlled by the interstellar medium, through which it is traveling, as well as the Sun, and does not appear to be perfectly spherical. The limited data available and unexplored nature of these structures have resulted in many theories.On September 12, 2013, NASA announced that Voyager 1 had exited the heliosphere on August 25, 2012, when it measured a sudden increase in plasma density of about forty times. Because the heliopause marks one boundary between the Sun's solar wind and the rest of the galaxy, a spacecraft such as Voyager 1 which has departed the heliosphere can be said to have reached interstellar space.