Wind Opacity Issues
... plot cross section and some plot the radius of optical depth unity, R1. R1 is very similar to tau_star for large tau_star values, and they both depend on mass-loss rate, stellar radius, and wind velocity, in addition to the atomic opacity. This is important for comparisons between stars and even bet ...
... plot cross section and some plot the radius of optical depth unity, R1. R1 is very similar to tau_star for large tau_star values, and they both depend on mass-loss rate, stellar radius, and wind velocity, in addition to the atomic opacity. This is important for comparisons between stars and even bet ...
PDF - Oxford Academic
... for the magnetic field B and the velocity u, where U is the imposed pattern of differential rotation and meridional circulation and the spatial distribution of α is assumed. Here ρ is the density, p the pressure, η the magnetic diffusivity, G the driving force (e.g. thermal buoyancy) and Fvisc the v ...
... for the magnetic field B and the velocity u, where U is the imposed pattern of differential rotation and meridional circulation and the spatial distribution of α is assumed. Here ρ is the density, p the pressure, η the magnetic diffusivity, G the driving force (e.g. thermal buoyancy) and Fvisc the v ...
Document
... Tail points away from Sun – gas (ion) tail straighter, bluer – dust tail curves, yellower ...
... Tail points away from Sun – gas (ion) tail straighter, bluer – dust tail curves, yellower ...
COSPAR WORKSHOP ON CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT
... that becomes progressively more unstable The unstable current sheet becomes susceptible to triggered release of energy An instability begins releasing energy and allowing flux and plasma to return to the dayside Energy in converted to flux ropes, injection into the ring current and outer radiation b ...
... that becomes progressively more unstable The unstable current sheet becomes susceptible to triggered release of energy An instability begins releasing energy and allowing flux and plasma to return to the dayside Energy in converted to flux ropes, injection into the ring current and outer radiation b ...
Cosmoclimatology: a new theory emerges
... During the past 10 years, considerations of the galactic and solar influence on climate have progressed so far, and have found such widespread applications, that one can begin to speak of a new paradigm of climate change. I call it cosmo climatology and in this article I suggest that it is already ...
... During the past 10 years, considerations of the galactic and solar influence on climate have progressed so far, and have found such widespread applications, that one can begin to speak of a new paradigm of climate change. I call it cosmo climatology and in this article I suggest that it is already ...
Minor Bodies of the Solar System Standardized Test Prep
... Read the passage below. Then, answer questions 8–11. Kuiper Belt Objects To explain the source of short-period comets, or comets that have a relatively short orbit around the sun, the Dutch-American astronomer Gerard Kuiper proposed in 1949 that a belt of icy bodies must lie beyond the orbits of Nep ...
... Read the passage below. Then, answer questions 8–11. Kuiper Belt Objects To explain the source of short-period comets, or comets that have a relatively short orbit around the sun, the Dutch-American astronomer Gerard Kuiper proposed in 1949 that a belt of icy bodies must lie beyond the orbits of Nep ...
Fundamentals of Atmospheric Chemistry and Astrochemistry
... chemistry of the universe. Instead, all of the information we have comes from passive observations. The data from telescopes arrives in the form of spectroscopic signatures recorded in various portions of the electromagnetic spectrum (UV‐vis, infrared, microwave etc) for different ...
... chemistry of the universe. Instead, all of the information we have comes from passive observations. The data from telescopes arrives in the form of spectroscopic signatures recorded in various portions of the electromagnetic spectrum (UV‐vis, infrared, microwave etc) for different ...
ATM-SOLAR SYSTEM
... The Solar System: Our Neighbors in Space discusses the origins of the solar system and the physical and chemical makeup of the planets. The program details the different types of planets and discusses the other objects in space, like asteroids and satellites. Students are given a complete overview o ...
... The Solar System: Our Neighbors in Space discusses the origins of the solar system and the physical and chemical makeup of the planets. The program details the different types of planets and discusses the other objects in space, like asteroids and satellites. Students are given a complete overview o ...
Astronomy 401 Lecture 4 Kinematics of the Milky Way 1 The local
... a better way to map the structure of the Milky Way is by looking at gas. We use radio telescopes to look at 21-cm emission from neutral hydrogen. This emission line is produced by the spin flip of the electron in an atom of neutral hydrogen: the spins of the electron and the proton can be aligned in ...
... a better way to map the structure of the Milky Way is by looking at gas. We use radio telescopes to look at 21-cm emission from neutral hydrogen. This emission line is produced by the spin flip of the electron in an atom of neutral hydrogen: the spins of the electron and the proton can be aligned in ...
Studies on post-flare loop prominence of 1981 April 27
... be located behind the limb. From the rising of the X-ray count-rate in the lower energy channels, recorded by SMM GRS and SMM HXRBS, the onset of the limb flare of 198l April 27 probably occurred between 07:41-07 : 55 UT. At 07 : 59 UT, optically, a bright patch of a flare-like area was observed, on ...
... be located behind the limb. From the rising of the X-ray count-rate in the lower energy channels, recorded by SMM GRS and SMM HXRBS, the onset of the limb flare of 198l April 27 probably occurred between 07:41-07 : 55 UT. At 07 : 59 UT, optically, a bright patch of a flare-like area was observed, on ...
Chapter 12 Resource: The Solar System
... One way scientists study the behavior and composition of comets is by observing them as they orbit the Sun. Observations made through telescopes and pictures sent back by space probes have led scientists to believe a comet is a mixture of ice and rock. Heat from the Sun vaporizes some of the comet’s ...
... One way scientists study the behavior and composition of comets is by observing them as they orbit the Sun. Observations made through telescopes and pictures sent back by space probes have led scientists to believe a comet is a mixture of ice and rock. Heat from the Sun vaporizes some of the comet’s ...
PROGRESS TOWARDS THE VINDICATION OF PANSPERMIA 1
... accommodated in a single comet would be some 1028 . A viable fraction as small as one part in 1018 would still yield some ten billion bacteria for each newly formed comet. If replication can occur within the comet, the previous history of interstellar destructive processes becomes irrelevant, becaus ...
... accommodated in a single comet would be some 1028 . A viable fraction as small as one part in 1018 would still yield some ten billion bacteria for each newly formed comet. If replication can occur within the comet, the previous history of interstellar destructive processes becomes irrelevant, becaus ...
An additional term of the Galactic tide due to dark matter
... The Galactic tide has been found to be the strongest outer perturber of the comet orbits in the Oort Cloud during its recent dynamical history. The dominant component of the tide is the action of matter concentrated in the Galactic disc. Every object is more attracted by a larger bulk of this matter ...
... The Galactic tide has been found to be the strongest outer perturber of the comet orbits in the Oort Cloud during its recent dynamical history. The dominant component of the tide is the action of matter concentrated in the Galactic disc. Every object is more attracted by a larger bulk of this matter ...
The s-process in low metallicity stars - GSI
... cross sections are very small and the resulting s-process abundances are large. This happens at the first s-peak at Sr, Y, Zr, at the second s-peak at Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd and eventually at the termination of the s-process involving Pb-208 (and Bi). ...
... cross sections are very small and the resulting s-process abundances are large. This happens at the first s-peak at Sr, Y, Zr, at the second s-peak at Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd and eventually at the termination of the s-process involving Pb-208 (and Bi). ...
ASTR 330: The Solar System
... • The temperature of Callisto varies from about 100 K at noon to 150 K at night, low enough for ice to evaporate extremely slowly: a few meters over the last 4 billion years. • Ice is observed on the surface of Callisto (by spectroscopy), but the reflectivity of just 0.18 shows the ice is rather dir ...
... • The temperature of Callisto varies from about 100 K at noon to 150 K at night, low enough for ice to evaporate extremely slowly: a few meters over the last 4 billion years. • Ice is observed on the surface of Callisto (by spectroscopy), but the reflectivity of just 0.18 shows the ice is rather dir ...
Spectral line mapping of the Milky Way
... information that we can obtain by carrying out a large-scale mapping of our Galaxy in spectral lines. Considering the frequency coverage of SKA1, the most relevant spectral lines for such a mapping are the 1.4 GHz line of HI, and the ground-state OH lines at 1.6 − 1.7 GHz. Thermal emission from OH i ...
... information that we can obtain by carrying out a large-scale mapping of our Galaxy in spectral lines. Considering the frequency coverage of SKA1, the most relevant spectral lines for such a mapping are the 1.4 GHz line of HI, and the ground-state OH lines at 1.6 − 1.7 GHz. Thermal emission from OH i ...
Observations
... the solar wind and Jupiter’s magnetosphere. Cassini in situ measurements of the upstream solar wind conditions while Galileo is deep in Jupiter’s magnetosphere are planned during approach. Outbound the roles reverse as Galileo spends time out in the solar wind while Cassini is expected to be crossin ...
... the solar wind and Jupiter’s magnetosphere. Cassini in situ measurements of the upstream solar wind conditions while Galileo is deep in Jupiter’s magnetosphere are planned during approach. Outbound the roles reverse as Galileo spends time out in the solar wind while Cassini is expected to be crossin ...
Chapter 6: The Solar System
... of the Sun? The Sun is a huge sphere made up mostly of two very light gases, hydrogen and helium. About 71% of the Sun’s mass is made up of hydrogen. Another 27% is made up of helium. Other materials, such as oxygen and carbon, make up the remaining 2% of the Sun’s mass. Most of the energy that the ...
... of the Sun? The Sun is a huge sphere made up mostly of two very light gases, hydrogen and helium. About 71% of the Sun’s mass is made up of hydrogen. Another 27% is made up of helium. Other materials, such as oxygen and carbon, make up the remaining 2% of the Sun’s mass. Most of the energy that the ...
here
... Phases of the ISM • Hot Ionized - like local ISM T ~ 106 K comprises ~70% of volume, but little mass • Warm Ionized - HII regions T ~ 104 K around OB stars small fraction by mass and volume • Warm Atomic neutral material around denser clouds, T ~ 103 - 5.103 K, partially ionized, ~20% of volume, ...
... Phases of the ISM • Hot Ionized - like local ISM T ~ 106 K comprises ~70% of volume, but little mass • Warm Ionized - HII regions T ~ 104 K around OB stars small fraction by mass and volume • Warm Atomic neutral material around denser clouds, T ~ 103 - 5.103 K, partially ionized, ~20% of volume, ...
PHY418 Particle Astrophysics
... are associated with solar flares • not emitted by Sun itself but ...
... are associated with solar flares • not emitted by Sun itself but ...
Asteroids and Comets
... every few billion years, or maybe one or two collisions over the lifetime of the solar system. Spacecraft pass through the asteroid belt with virtually no chance of a collision, and in fact considerable effort is required for a close flyby of even one asteroid, such as the Galileo spacecraft flyby o ...
... every few billion years, or maybe one or two collisions over the lifetime of the solar system. Spacecraft pass through the asteroid belt with virtually no chance of a collision, and in fact considerable effort is required for a close flyby of even one asteroid, such as the Galileo spacecraft flyby o ...
Particle precipitation influence in the conductivity of the auroral
... iv) integrate σP and σH in altitude to determine the respective conductances ΣP and ΣH . However, this physical concept is significantly limited by the practical procedures and assumptions to construct a global model and the average statistical models do not accurately describe an instantaneous iono ...
... iv) integrate σP and σH in altitude to determine the respective conductances ΣP and ΣH . However, this physical concept is significantly limited by the practical procedures and assumptions to construct a global model and the average statistical models do not accurately describe an instantaneous iono ...
Heliosphere
The heliosphere is the bubble-like region of space dominated by the Sun, which extends far beyond the orbit of Pluto. Plasma ""blown"" out from the Sun, known as the solar wind, creates and maintains this bubble against the outside pressure of the interstellar medium, the hydrogen and helium gas that permeates the Milky Way Galaxy. The solar wind flows outward from the Sun until encountering the termination shock, where motion slows abruptly. The Voyager spacecraft have actively explored the outer reaches of the heliosphere, passing through the shock and entering the heliosheath, a transitional region which is in turn bounded by the outermost edge of the heliosphere, called the heliopause. The overall shape of the heliosphere is controlled by the interstellar medium, through which it is traveling, as well as the Sun, and does not appear to be perfectly spherical. The limited data available and unexplored nature of these structures have resulted in many theories.On September 12, 2013, NASA announced that Voyager 1 had exited the heliosphere on August 25, 2012, when it measured a sudden increase in plasma density of about forty times. Because the heliopause marks one boundary between the Sun's solar wind and the rest of the galaxy, a spacecraft such as Voyager 1 which has departed the heliosphere can be said to have reached interstellar space.