CH03
... carries the designation, ‘manage reintroduction for storage’ to clarify that wild plants no longer exist at the site but the reintroduced plants are valuable as stock representing the Kapuna PU. The ‘manage as a propagule source’ category has been eliminated. NRS Mature, Immature 2004: The number of ...
... carries the designation, ‘manage reintroduction for storage’ to clarify that wild plants no longer exist at the site but the reintroduced plants are valuable as stock representing the Kapuna PU. The ‘manage as a propagule source’ category has been eliminated. NRS Mature, Immature 2004: The number of ...
Context dependency in acorn predation and dispersal Apodemus sylvaticus
... forests may be very different according to the forest structure (e.g. savanah-like forests vs. close canopy forests). This spatial and temporal variability occurs mainly due to the behavioural plasticity of rodents, which adapt their foraging choices to the context of every place and moment. On the ...
... forests may be very different according to the forest structure (e.g. savanah-like forests vs. close canopy forests). This spatial and temporal variability occurs mainly due to the behavioural plasticity of rodents, which adapt their foraging choices to the context of every place and moment. On the ...
Does multiple seed loading in Blue Jays result in selective dispersal
... During each experimental trial, we presented jays with 100 acorns on a 1 m2 feeding tray positioned atop a 2.5 m wooden post. The tray consisted of a 13 × 13 grid of 1.0 cm diameter, 0.5 cm deep depressions, separated by approximately 1 cm. The depressions each held a single acorn so that it was sec ...
... During each experimental trial, we presented jays with 100 acorns on a 1 m2 feeding tray positioned atop a 2.5 m wooden post. The tray consisted of a 13 × 13 grid of 1.0 cm diameter, 0.5 cm deep depressions, separated by approximately 1 cm. The depressions each held a single acorn so that it was sec ...
asian elephants are essential as seed dispersers in a
... challenge for researchers is thus to identify the characteristics that differentiate functional groups from each other for a given ecosystem function. One biological characteristic that may be relevant across ecosystem functions is size (e.g., Hansen and Galetti 2009). Simulation studies and field ...
... challenge for researchers is thus to identify the characteristics that differentiate functional groups from each other for a given ecosystem function. One biological characteristic that may be relevant across ecosystem functions is size (e.g., Hansen and Galetti 2009). Simulation studies and field ...
Wild Deer in Scotland
... high velocity rifles, or fencing, either to keep deer in or out. Male deer are prized as trophy animals for their antlers by hunters, and the stalking of male deer is often let out commercially. Culling of female deer is let less often (but is a growing market) and the majority of female deer are c ...
... high velocity rifles, or fencing, either to keep deer in or out. Male deer are prized as trophy animals for their antlers by hunters, and the stalking of male deer is often let out commercially. Culling of female deer is let less often (but is a growing market) and the majority of female deer are c ...
Reid`s Paradox Revisited: The Evolution of Dispersal Kernels during
... theory potentially explains Reid’s paradox, the observation that the current dispersal ability of trees in the Northern Hemisphere seems too limited to explain the rate at which these trees recolonized areas of Europe and North America after the last ice age (Skellam 1951; Clark 1998; Clark et al. 1 ...
... theory potentially explains Reid’s paradox, the observation that the current dispersal ability of trees in the Northern Hemisphere seems too limited to explain the rate at which these trees recolonized areas of Europe and North America after the last ice age (Skellam 1951; Clark 1998; Clark et al. 1 ...
the PDF document (part 2)
... distances being greater than would otherwise be expected (Greene and Johnson ). However, standard wind measurements are very different from wind speeds within the trees, which are usually lower; even high winds are rapidly reduced within the canopy. Thus, median wind speeds from a reference stat ...
... distances being greater than would otherwise be expected (Greene and Johnson ). However, standard wind measurements are very different from wind speeds within the trees, which are usually lower; even high winds are rapidly reduced within the canopy. Thus, median wind speeds from a reference stat ...
Dispersal: a central trait in life history
... bioRxiv preprint first posted online Jul. 21, 2016; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/065151. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. ...
... bioRxiv preprint first posted online Jul. 21, 2016; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/065151. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. ...
Dispersal: a central trait in life history
... bioRxiv preprint first posted online Jul. 21, 2016; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/065151. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. ...
... bioRxiv preprint first posted online Jul. 21, 2016; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/065151. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. ...
Fight or flight? Antipredator behavior and the escalation of coyote
... predation attempts on deer (Lingle 1998). Data presented here are therefore restricted to encounters observed during continuous pack hunts of deer. Hunts were observed by sitting at a vantage-point located relatively far from the coyotes (500–1,000 m), which enabled monitoring of coyotes as they mov ...
... predation attempts on deer (Lingle 1998). Data presented here are therefore restricted to encounters observed during continuous pack hunts of deer. Hunts were observed by sitting at a vantage-point located relatively far from the coyotes (500–1,000 m), which enabled monitoring of coyotes as they mov ...
Age at Capture - Ministry of Environment
... Apps and McLellan 2006). Between, and within most subpopulation boundaries, there is rugged geographic relief in the form of alpine peaks and large valleys. Additionally, deforestation has altered the habitat available to mountain caribou throughout much of their distribution (Apps and McLellan 2006 ...
... Apps and McLellan 2006). Between, and within most subpopulation boundaries, there is rugged geographic relief in the form of alpine peaks and large valleys. Additionally, deforestation has altered the habitat available to mountain caribou throughout much of their distribution (Apps and McLellan 2006 ...
Influence of phenotypic and social traits on dispersal in a family
... Forero et al. 2002). These traits may influence competitive ability and number of potential competitors (Garnett 1981; Arcese 1987; Zack and Rabenold 1989). More competitive individuals, typically of higher body mass, or ones experiencing less competition, often early-born individuals, are predicte ...
... Forero et al. 2002). These traits may influence competitive ability and number of potential competitors (Garnett 1981; Arcese 1987; Zack and Rabenold 1989). More competitive individuals, typically of higher body mass, or ones experiencing less competition, often early-born individuals, are predicte ...
pdf - New Zealand Ecological Society
... avoided species. Analyses of long-term permanent plot data suggest that some preferred species are failing to regenerate in forest types where deer are present. As well as likely altering the long-term biogeochemistry of forest ecosystems, deer have a strong negative effect on the abundance of litte ...
... avoided species. Analyses of long-term permanent plot data suggest that some preferred species are failing to regenerate in forest types where deer are present. As well as likely altering the long-term biogeochemistry of forest ecosystems, deer have a strong negative effect on the abundance of litte ...
SUMMARY
... Mangrove ecosystems thrive in (sub)tropical, intertidal areas where adaptations like vivipary and the hydrochorous dispersal of propagules become an absolute necessity. As propagule dispersal and early growth allow for the replenishment of existing stands and colonization of new habitats, many autho ...
... Mangrove ecosystems thrive in (sub)tropical, intertidal areas where adaptations like vivipary and the hydrochorous dispersal of propagules become an absolute necessity. As propagule dispersal and early growth allow for the replenishment of existing stands and colonization of new habitats, many autho ...
Detection and Avoidance of Predators in White
... White-tailed deer and mule deer are closely related species with similar mating systems (Hirth 1977; Kucera 1978; Geist 1981), life-history patterns (mule deer refs in Wallmo 1981; white-tail refs in Halls 1984), and feeding habits (Martinka 1968; Krausman 1978). Despite these similarities, white-ta ...
... White-tailed deer and mule deer are closely related species with similar mating systems (Hirth 1977; Kucera 1978; Geist 1981), life-history patterns (mule deer refs in Wallmo 1981; white-tail refs in Halls 1984), and feeding habits (Martinka 1968; Krausman 1978). Despite these similarities, white-ta ...
RELATIONSHIPS AMONG MULE DEER AND THEIR PREDATORS
... other species, and cost to mule deer in the long term. We must focus on the sustainability of the mule deer population for generations to come – not just one season. Another problem resulting from the initiation of feeding by private citizens is the desire to continue feeding at times of the year mu ...
... other species, and cost to mule deer in the long term. We must focus on the sustainability of the mule deer population for generations to come – not just one season. Another problem resulting from the initiation of feeding by private citizens is the desire to continue feeding at times of the year mu ...
Ecological Impacts of Deer Overabundance.
... of definitions to summarize the ecological and nonecological values upon which overabundance diagnostics have been based: Animals are overabundant when they (a) threaten human life or livelihood, (b) are too numerous for their “own good,” (c) depress the densities of economically or aesthetically im ...
... of definitions to summarize the ecological and nonecological values upon which overabundance diagnostics have been based: Animals are overabundant when they (a) threaten human life or livelihood, (b) are too numerous for their “own good,” (c) depress the densities of economically or aesthetically im ...
Key Threatening Process Nomination Form
... 3. Description of the threatening process that distinguishes it from any other threatening process, by reference to: (i) its biological and non-biological components; ...
... 3. Description of the threatening process that distinguishes it from any other threatening process, by reference to: (i) its biological and non-biological components; ...
Deer Report - 2004 - Town of Greenwich
... deer are consuming approximately 15 tons of vegetation daily which explains the lack of forest under story in much of the town. As noted by Shono (2003) adult female white-tailed deer produce one or two fawns annually. In the absence of natural predation, this means the population can double in two ...
... deer are consuming approximately 15 tons of vegetation daily which explains the lack of forest under story in much of the town. As noted by Shono (2003) adult female white-tailed deer produce one or two fawns annually. In the absence of natural predation, this means the population can double in two ...
effects of introduced green iguanas (iguana
... seed species and the nearest tree of that species. Green Iguanas dispersed seeds throughout the habitats they used, but no trend or patterns was detected in dispersal of native and non-native plants, seed dispersal strategies, or types of seeds dispersed. Although minimum dispersal distances were re ...
... seed species and the nearest tree of that species. Green Iguanas dispersed seeds throughout the habitats they used, but no trend or patterns was detected in dispersal of native and non-native plants, seed dispersal strategies, or types of seeds dispersed. Although minimum dispersal distances were re ...
effects of introduced green iguanas (iguana
... seed species and the nearest tree of that species. Green Iguanas dispersed seeds throughout the habitats they used, but no trend or patterns was detected in dispersal of native and non-native plants, seed dispersal strategies, or types of seeds dispersed. Although minimum dispersal distances were re ...
... seed species and the nearest tree of that species. Green Iguanas dispersed seeds throughout the habitats they used, but no trend or patterns was detected in dispersal of native and non-native plants, seed dispersal strategies, or types of seeds dispersed. Although minimum dispersal distances were re ...
limiting factors of five rare plant species in mesic forests, hawai`i
... Table 6. Size class distribution, mortality, and growth into subsequent size classes for Melicope zahlbruckneri trees in Kīpuka Puaulu between 1993 and 2008. ........................................ 54 Table 7. Estimated cover-abundance of all woody species in three height layers at selected Melicop ...
... Table 6. Size class distribution, mortality, and growth into subsequent size classes for Melicope zahlbruckneri trees in Kīpuka Puaulu between 1993 and 2008. ........................................ 54 Table 7. Estimated cover-abundance of all woody species in three height layers at selected Melicop ...
Cougar Prey Selection in a White-Tailed Deer and Mule
... investigate the role of cougar (Puma concolor) predation in a white-tailed deer, mule deer, and cougar community in northeast Washington, USA. We hypothesized that cougars select for and disproportionately prey on mule deer in such multiple-prey communities. We estimated relative annual and seasonal ...
... investigate the role of cougar (Puma concolor) predation in a white-tailed deer, mule deer, and cougar community in northeast Washington, USA. We hypothesized that cougars select for and disproportionately prey on mule deer in such multiple-prey communities. We estimated relative annual and seasonal ...
Infertile seeds of Yucca schottii: a beneficial role for the plant in the
... Mutualism is an important interaction for many taxa and communities, and is widely found in many environments (Boucher et al. 1982, Addicott 1984, Bronstein 1994). A species interaction is considered to be mutualistic whenever each species experiences a higher net benefit when associated with the ot ...
... Mutualism is an important interaction for many taxa and communities, and is widely found in many environments (Boucher et al. 1982, Addicott 1984, Bronstein 1994). A species interaction is considered to be mutualistic whenever each species experiences a higher net benefit when associated with the ot ...
White-tailed Deer in Minnesota
... From November 1 through May 31, one point is added to the WSI for each day with snow depths more than 15 inches. One point is also added to the WSI for each day when temperatures fall below zero degrees Fahrenheit. Snow depth, in particular, has a significant effect on deer survival. Winters are co ...
... From November 1 through May 31, one point is added to the WSI for each day with snow depths more than 15 inches. One point is also added to the WSI for each day when temperatures fall below zero degrees Fahrenheit. Snow depth, in particular, has a significant effect on deer survival. Winters are co ...
Trillium grandiflorum
Trillium grandiflorum (common names white trillium, large-flowered trillium, great white trillium, white wake-robin, French trille blanc) is a species of flowering plant in the family Melanthiaceae. A monocotyledonous, herbaceous perennial, it is native to eastern North America, from northern Quebec to the southern parts of the United States through the Appalachian Mountains into northernmost Georgia and west to Minnesota. It also thrives on Vancouver Island in British Columbia. There are also several isolated populations, such as in Nova Scotia and Iowa.Trillium grandiflorum is most common in rich, mixed upland forests. It is easily recognised by its attractive three-petaled white flowers, opening from late spring to early summer, that rise above a whorl of three, leaf-like bracts. It is an example of a spring ephemeral, a plant whose life-cycle is synchronised with that of the deciduous woodland which it favours.