Infertile seeds of Yucca schottii: a beneficial role for the plant in the
... Mutualism is an important interaction for many taxa and communities, and is widely found in many environments (Boucher et al. 1982, Addicott 1984, Bronstein 1994). A species interaction is considered to be mutualistic whenever each species experiences a higher net benefit when associated with the ot ...
... Mutualism is an important interaction for many taxa and communities, and is widely found in many environments (Boucher et al. 1982, Addicott 1984, Bronstein 1994). A species interaction is considered to be mutualistic whenever each species experiences a higher net benefit when associated with the ot ...
Stay below water! - A Strategy to avoid Seed Predators
... 27th of September 2008. (a) maximum and minimum temperature, (b) precipitation in millimeter, and (c) duration of each experiment. The DryLand experiment started 18th of June. The timeline for the Greenhouse experiment includes several treatments with different start and ending points. 3.2 Study spe ...
... 27th of September 2008. (a) maximum and minimum temperature, (b) precipitation in millimeter, and (c) duration of each experiment. The DryLand experiment started 18th of June. The timeline for the Greenhouse experiment includes several treatments with different start and ending points. 3.2 Study spe ...
Seed selection by earthworms: chemical seed properties
... mostly ingest seeds according to seed size (see Forey et al. 2011). Additionally, the effects of morphological seed traits, such as shape, volume, and mass, have rarely been tested (Grant 1983; Clause et al. 2011), and chemical traits of seeds have only been studied in one case (Clause et al. 2011). ...
... mostly ingest seeds according to seed size (see Forey et al. 2011). Additionally, the effects of morphological seed traits, such as shape, volume, and mass, have rarely been tested (Grant 1983; Clause et al. 2011), and chemical traits of seeds have only been studied in one case (Clause et al. 2011). ...
Black-tailed Deer - Puget Sound Energy
... weather, habitat quality, predation and hunting pressure, however, few deer live beyond 10 years (Bunnell 1990). On the southern coast of British Columbia, adult females typically weigh between 35-45 kg, during summer and fall, but in areas of high quality habitat they can weigh as much as 60 kg. Ma ...
... weather, habitat quality, predation and hunting pressure, however, few deer live beyond 10 years (Bunnell 1990). On the southern coast of British Columbia, adult females typically weigh between 35-45 kg, during summer and fall, but in areas of high quality habitat they can weigh as much as 60 kg. Ma ...
Three^way interactions between Acacia, large mammalian herbivores
... fact that many vertebrates are both dispersers and predators (Sallabanks & Courtney, 1992). Bruchid infestation level may be the factor determining the ratio of predation to dispersion. That is, seeds that have had large amounts of the cotyledons consumed by bruchids may be consumed by herbivores, w ...
... fact that many vertebrates are both dispersers and predators (Sallabanks & Courtney, 1992). Bruchid infestation level may be the factor determining the ratio of predation to dispersion. That is, seeds that have had large amounts of the cotyledons consumed by bruchids may be consumed by herbivores, w ...
sagnard_etal_2007_ecomod
... made it possible to describe microsites suitable for seed germination (De Steven, 1991a) and early seedling survival (De Steven, 1991b). However most of them only provided partial understanding of natural regeneration dynamics, because they assumed that seed rain was unlimited and homogeneous (but ...
... made it possible to describe microsites suitable for seed germination (De Steven, 1991a) and early seedling survival (De Steven, 1991b). However most of them only provided partial understanding of natural regeneration dynamics, because they assumed that seed rain was unlimited and homogeneous (but ...
Author`s personal copy
... Mortality factors that act sequentially through the demographic transitions from seed to sapling may have critical effects on recruitment success. Understanding how habitat heterogeneity influences the causal factors that limit propagule establishment in natural populations is central to assess these ...
... Mortality factors that act sequentially through the demographic transitions from seed to sapling may have critical effects on recruitment success. Understanding how habitat heterogeneity influences the causal factors that limit propagule establishment in natural populations is central to assess these ...
Granivory of invasive, naturalized, and native plants in communities
... spatial distributions of native species through differential effects on recruitment. This filter may also influence the relative abundance of nonnative plants within habitats and the communities’ susceptibility to invasion via differences in granivore identity, abundance, and food preference. We evalu ...
... spatial distributions of native species through differential effects on recruitment. This filter may also influence the relative abundance of nonnative plants within habitats and the communities’ susceptibility to invasion via differences in granivore identity, abundance, and food preference. We evalu ...
Primate Seed Dispersal
... The role of animals in seed dispersal is well recognized. As many as 75% of tropical tree species produce fruits presumably adapted for animal dispersal (Frankie et al. 1974, Howe and Smallwood 1982), and animals are estimated to move more than 95% of tropical seeds (Terborgh et al. 2002). Some vert ...
... The role of animals in seed dispersal is well recognized. As many as 75% of tropical tree species produce fruits presumably adapted for animal dispersal (Frankie et al. 1974, Howe and Smallwood 1982), and animals are estimated to move more than 95% of tropical seeds (Terborgh et al. 2002). Some vert ...
Seed mass, shape, and persistence in the soil seed bank of Israeli
... persistence. Species with persistent seeds had significantly higher seed mass than those with transient seeds (one-tailed t-test = 1.68, n = 48, P = 0.007), but there was no significant difference in shape between them (one-tailed t-test = 1.68, n = 48, P = 0.076; t-test = 1.68, n = 45, P = 0.124). ...
... persistence. Species with persistent seeds had significantly higher seed mass than those with transient seeds (one-tailed t-test = 1.68, n = 48, P = 0.007), but there was no significant difference in shape between them (one-tailed t-test = 1.68, n = 48, P = 0.076; t-test = 1.68, n = 45, P = 0.124). ...
RECIPROCAL BENEFITS IN A PLANT
... Mutualisms may facilitate coupled population growth or coevolutionary relationships if reproduction or survival of both species is limited by the interaction. For example, an increase in the abundance of a host species could lead to an increase in the abundance of its mutualist, and subsequently, th ...
... Mutualisms may facilitate coupled population growth or coevolutionary relationships if reproduction or survival of both species is limited by the interaction. For example, an increase in the abundance of a host species could lead to an increase in the abundance of its mutualist, and subsequently, th ...
Weed Biology
... The number of seeds (or propagules) present in the soil at any given time Seed banks are replenished continually by seed rain from parent plants within the area. Seed bank populations can change daily or even less. ...
... The number of seeds (or propagules) present in the soil at any given time Seed banks are replenished continually by seed rain from parent plants within the area. Seed bank populations can change daily or even less. ...
pdf
... associations between attractive and defensive traits may be nonadaptive or result from correlational selection on sets of herbivoryand pollination-linked traits. Nonadditivity of fitness effects of mutualists and antagonists, a requisite for correlational selection, was experimentally tested in the ...
... associations between attractive and defensive traits may be nonadaptive or result from correlational selection on sets of herbivoryand pollination-linked traits. Nonadditivity of fitness effects of mutualists and antagonists, a requisite for correlational selection, was experimentally tested in the ...
Managing Desert Mule Deer
... extends from mid-November through mid-February, with December being the peak. The gestation period is about 7 months (210 days), with most births occurring in July and August. Does generally give birth to single fawns the first time they breed, but twins are common thereafter if forage conditions ar ...
... extends from mid-November through mid-February, with December being the peak. The gestation period is about 7 months (210 days), with most births occurring in July and August. Does generally give birth to single fawns the first time they breed, but twins are common thereafter if forage conditions ar ...
Factors affecting the relationship between seed removal and seed
... 2005; López-Barrera et al. 2005; Jurado et al. 2006; Salvande et al. 2006; Lopez and Terborgh 2007). If seeds are removed exclusively by animals that are only seed predators (i.e., they provide no dispersal benefit to the plant), then removal rates and mortality rates may be directly related. Howev ...
... 2005; López-Barrera et al. 2005; Jurado et al. 2006; Salvande et al. 2006; Lopez and Terborgh 2007). If seeds are removed exclusively by animals that are only seed predators (i.e., they provide no dispersal benefit to the plant), then removal rates and mortality rates may be directly related. Howev ...
Protection by association: evidence for aposematic commensalism
... unprofitability. However, the increased conspicuousness could make this strategy costly if there are no secondary defences to back the signal up. This has made the elucidation of the evolutionary mechanisms for aposematism and that of the closely-related Batesian and Mullerian mimicry difficult. The ...
... unprofitability. However, the increased conspicuousness could make this strategy costly if there are no secondary defences to back the signal up. This has made the elucidation of the evolutionary mechanisms for aposematism and that of the closely-related Batesian and Mullerian mimicry difficult. The ...
Knapweeds
... but control levels have not yet been determined. There have been various agents introduced into the United States for the control of spotted and diffuse knapweed, but little research has been done in Canada to determine if these agents are adaptable to our conditions. Control strategies for these le ...
... but control levels have not yet been determined. There have been various agents introduced into the United States for the control of spotted and diffuse knapweed, but little research has been done in Canada to determine if these agents are adaptable to our conditions. Control strategies for these le ...
PPT - Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
... • Mule deer over grazing parts of Utah range, population slowly increasing or in decline elsewhere – could they be at/approaching K? • If predator control will not have impact, then why do it? • What other methods might increase the mule deer population? • Should mule deer population increase to 195 ...
... • Mule deer over grazing parts of Utah range, population slowly increasing or in decline elsewhere – could they be at/approaching K? • If predator control will not have impact, then why do it? • What other methods might increase the mule deer population? • Should mule deer population increase to 195 ...
Field colonies of leaf-cutting ants select plant
... but rather the ants use plant material as a substrate on which they grow a fungal cultivar. The fungal cultivar in turn provides the ants and their larvae with a food source (Mueller et al. 2005). Van Bael et al. (2009) showed that (1) leafcutting ants spend more time cutting leaves with high endoph ...
... but rather the ants use plant material as a substrate on which they grow a fungal cultivar. The fungal cultivar in turn provides the ants and their larvae with a food source (Mueller et al. 2005). Van Bael et al. (2009) showed that (1) leafcutting ants spend more time cutting leaves with high endoph ...
Seed limitation and the coexistence of pioneer tree species
... randomly ‘redistributing’ the total seed count among all the traps used in the study. Source limitation is then defined as the proportion of traps that are still expected to fail to capture a single seed (Table 1). Differences in source limitation among species are the consequence of variation in ad ...
... randomly ‘redistributing’ the total seed count among all the traps used in the study. Source limitation is then defined as the proportion of traps that are still expected to fail to capture a single seed (Table 1). Differences in source limitation among species are the consequence of variation in ad ...
Verbascum thapsus Recent Advances in Research REVIEW ARTICLE
... unshaved half of the leaf was consistently warmer than the shaved half. The hairs must, then, affect the leaf energy exchange, since two halves of the same leaf, differing only in the presence of hairs, reached different equilibrium temperatures. Convection and the latent heat loss are reduced by th ...
... unshaved half of the leaf was consistently warmer than the shaved half. The hairs must, then, affect the leaf energy exchange, since two halves of the same leaf, differing only in the presence of hairs, reached different equilibrium temperatures. Convection and the latent heat loss are reduced by th ...
White-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus
... of potential physiological condition (Miller 2001). The most productive soils (and therefore the high quality habitats) occur in the agricultural areas of the Piedmont, Upper Coastal Plain, and bottomland habitat (Miller 2001). Forage quality and quantity are also important factors. Deer occupy the ...
... of potential physiological condition (Miller 2001). The most productive soils (and therefore the high quality habitats) occur in the agricultural areas of the Piedmont, Upper Coastal Plain, and bottomland habitat (Miller 2001). Forage quality and quantity are also important factors. Deer occupy the ...
Predicting the Long-Term Effects of Hunting on Plant Species
... in turn. The most fundamental effect of dispersal is reduction in kin competition, yet this role is often overlooked by tropical ecologists (Howe & Smallwood 1982). Even if per-seed survival or recruitment success is no different under parents than elsewhere, a species or genotype that disperses wil ...
... in turn. The most fundamental effect of dispersal is reduction in kin competition, yet this role is often overlooked by tropical ecologists (Howe & Smallwood 1982). Even if per-seed survival or recruitment success is no different under parents than elsewhere, a species or genotype that disperses wil ...
Granivory in a Desert Ecosystem: Experimental Evidence for Indirect Facilitation... Rodents Author(s): D. W. Davidson, R. S. Inouye, J. H. Brown
... major taxa exhibited short-term increase in density when the other taxon was experimentally removed. Over the longer term, density compensation continued at a relatively constant level for rodents in the absence of ants. In contrast, beginning : 2 yr after initiation of experiments, ant populations ...
... major taxa exhibited short-term increase in density when the other taxon was experimentally removed. Over the longer term, density compensation continued at a relatively constant level for rodents in the absence of ants. In contrast, beginning : 2 yr after initiation of experiments, ant populations ...
Trillium grandiflorum
Trillium grandiflorum (common names white trillium, large-flowered trillium, great white trillium, white wake-robin, French trille blanc) is a species of flowering plant in the family Melanthiaceae. A monocotyledonous, herbaceous perennial, it is native to eastern North America, from northern Quebec to the southern parts of the United States through the Appalachian Mountains into northernmost Georgia and west to Minnesota. It also thrives on Vancouver Island in British Columbia. There are also several isolated populations, such as in Nova Scotia and Iowa.Trillium grandiflorum is most common in rich, mixed upland forests. It is easily recognised by its attractive three-petaled white flowers, opening from late spring to early summer, that rise above a whorl of three, leaf-like bracts. It is an example of a spring ephemeral, a plant whose life-cycle is synchronised with that of the deciduous woodland which it favours.