purple loosestrife Lythrum salicaria L. European wand loosestrife
... 422 cm tall. Stems are erect, four-sided, and covered with soft hairs. Each year the plant enlarges at the base. A single root stock can eventually produce a bush-like clump of 30 to 50 stems. Leaves are simple, entire, opposite or whorled, lance-shaped, and slightly hairy with no stalks. Flowers ar ...
... 422 cm tall. Stems are erect, four-sided, and covered with soft hairs. Each year the plant enlarges at the base. A single root stock can eventually produce a bush-like clump of 30 to 50 stems. Leaves are simple, entire, opposite or whorled, lance-shaped, and slightly hairy with no stalks. Flowers ar ...
Consumption of Opuntias
... In xeric habitats where free water is scarce, cladodes become an important source of water, when they are available. Not unexpectedly, vertebrates increase their use of Opuntia cladodes during the dry season, or use them only then. For example, rabbits and black-tailed jackrabbits consume Opuntia cl ...
... In xeric habitats where free water is scarce, cladodes become an important source of water, when they are available. Not unexpectedly, vertebrates increase their use of Opuntia cladodes during the dry season, or use them only then. For example, rabbits and black-tailed jackrabbits consume Opuntia cl ...
Chloroleucon chacӧense (Leguminosae): A Study on Morphometry
... of seedlings evolves quickly. All the seeds germinated after 48 hours. It can be concluded that the peak of imbibitions without scarification is reached after 24 h since the sown was made. Many seeds germinated after 24 hours and during the lapse of 24 - 48 h. ...
... of seedlings evolves quickly. All the seeds germinated after 48 hours. It can be concluded that the peak of imbibitions without scarification is reached after 24 h since the sown was made. Many seeds germinated after 24 hours and during the lapse of 24 - 48 h. ...
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling
... 1982) argue that seeds dispersed by frugivores have higher chances to become adults, that is, g2 [ g1 , otherwise frugivory would not have any benefit at all and should be avoided instead. If frugivory is beneficial because of seed dispersal, then we should expect c to simply evolve towards larger ...
... 1982) argue that seeds dispersed by frugivores have higher chances to become adults, that is, g2 [ g1 , otherwise frugivory would not have any benefit at all and should be avoided instead. If frugivory is beneficial because of seed dispersal, then we should expect c to simply evolve towards larger ...
Deer Mouse Preference for Seed of Commonly Planted Species
... the year, depending on seed availability and floristic composition. Seed size, odor, and nutrient content play an important role in food preference (Thompson 1953; Howard and Cole 1967; Lockard and Lockard 197 l), but when food is scarce deer mice will take almost any food available. Deer mice are a ...
... the year, depending on seed availability and floristic composition. Seed size, odor, and nutrient content play an important role in food preference (Thompson 1953; Howard and Cole 1967; Lockard and Lockard 197 l), but when food is scarce deer mice will take almost any food available. Deer mice are a ...
OIKOS 55: 375—386 - digital
... stricto, see Gould and Vrba 1982) may not occur. At least four important pre-dispersal factors can be identified as potentially limiting plant reproduction: ineffective pollination, fruit/seed abortion, pre-dispersal herbivory (including fruit/seed predation) and, in cases of animal dispersed seeds, ...
... stricto, see Gould and Vrba 1982) may not occur. At least four important pre-dispersal factors can be identified as potentially limiting plant reproduction: ineffective pollination, fruit/seed abortion, pre-dispersal herbivory (including fruit/seed predation) and, in cases of animal dispersed seeds, ...
Fat but slim: Criteria of seed attractiveness for earthworms
... in press). They can positively or negatively affect the distribution, survival and establishment of seeds. First, displacement of seeds by ingestion and burial might protect seeds from above-ground seed predators, such as birds or insects (Azcarate and Peco 2003) and reduce exposure to stressful env ...
... in press). They can positively or negatively affect the distribution, survival and establishment of seeds. First, displacement of seeds by ingestion and burial might protect seeds from above-ground seed predators, such as birds or insects (Azcarate and Peco 2003) and reduce exposure to stressful env ...
Mammal and insect predation of chemically and structurally
... Abstract: To prevent seed losses from predation, plants have developed protective strategies. Seeds may utilize chemical or structural defences to deter predators. Mucuna holtonii (Fabaceae) has large seeds containing a toxic amino acid, L-dopa, and covered with a hard seed coat. Our study assessed ...
... Abstract: To prevent seed losses from predation, plants have developed protective strategies. Seeds may utilize chemical or structural defences to deter predators. Mucuna holtonii (Fabaceae) has large seeds containing a toxic amino acid, L-dopa, and covered with a hard seed coat. Our study assessed ...
Effects of Insect Herbivory on Plant Architecture, Flowering
... Insect exclusion experiments have demonstrated that insect herbivores can reduce host plant fitness through both direct and indirect mechanisms. I did an experiment on Cirsium altissimum (tall thistle), whose apical meristems are attacked by the larvae of Platyptilia carduidactyla (artichoke plume m ...
... Insect exclusion experiments have demonstrated that insect herbivores can reduce host plant fitness through both direct and indirect mechanisms. I did an experiment on Cirsium altissimum (tall thistle), whose apical meristems are attacked by the larvae of Platyptilia carduidactyla (artichoke plume m ...
Niche Expansion and Contraction in a Variable Environment1
... Because the habitats are quite different in the different portions of the wintering range, I do not compare sparrow densities between sites but only at the same sites, comparing sparrow populations in years of high and low seed production. The migratory habit and winter distribution of Chipping Spar ...
... Because the habitats are quite different in the different portions of the wintering range, I do not compare sparrow densities between sites but only at the same sites, comparing sparrow populations in years of high and low seed production. The migratory habit and winter distribution of Chipping Spar ...
Ant-mediated seed dispersal - Scholar Press
... bait stations provisioned with elaiosomes, elaiosome proxies or other attractants (MARSHALL & al. 1979, SKIDMORE & HEITHAUS 1988, PIZO & OLIVEIRA 2001). Many myrmecochory studies employ tuna baits – relying on the fact that tuna contains chemical compounds similar to those in seed elaiosomes (see MA ...
... bait stations provisioned with elaiosomes, elaiosome proxies or other attractants (MARSHALL & al. 1979, SKIDMORE & HEITHAUS 1988, PIZO & OLIVEIRA 2001). Many myrmecochory studies employ tuna baits – relying on the fact that tuna contains chemical compounds similar to those in seed elaiosomes (see MA ...
white-tailed deer - managed species
... traffic on roads and highways. The lack of natural predators which normally cull young, sick or infirm specimens has contributed to locally over abundant populations. Overpopulations of white-tail deer also pose threats to woodlands by browsing on new growth and inhibiting natural forest succession. ...
... traffic on roads and highways. The lack of natural predators which normally cull young, sick or infirm specimens has contributed to locally over abundant populations. Overpopulations of white-tail deer also pose threats to woodlands by browsing on new growth and inhibiting natural forest succession. ...
Seed dispersal by pulp consumers, not ``legitimate`` seed
... infrequent visitors of G. viburnoides (Cyanocorax chrysops and Ramphastos toco) are likely to impact the recruitment pattern in much the same way as the quantitatively important dispersers, given that they process the fruit in a similar manner and disperse the seeds to the same habitats. Cyanocorax ...
... infrequent visitors of G. viburnoides (Cyanocorax chrysops and Ramphastos toco) are likely to impact the recruitment pattern in much the same way as the quantitatively important dispersers, given that they process the fruit in a similar manner and disperse the seeds to the same habitats. Cyanocorax ...
The role of past and present management in the rural landscape
... In Europe, species-rich semi-natural grasslands have been created and maintained by the long history of grazing by wild animals and livestock (Vera 2000), but agricultural industrialisation in the nineteenth and twentieth century has resulted in the widespread and severe loss of semi-natural grassla ...
... In Europe, species-rich semi-natural grasslands have been created and maintained by the long history of grazing by wild animals and livestock (Vera 2000), but agricultural industrialisation in the nineteenth and twentieth century has resulted in the widespread and severe loss of semi-natural grassla ...
Importance of fragmentation-tolerant species as seed
... (2) increasing the probability that some seeds will find ephemerally suitable sites to establish (colonization hypothesis; Howe and Smallwood 1982), or (3) nonrandomly placing seeds in locations favorable for ...
... (2) increasing the probability that some seeds will find ephemerally suitable sites to establish (colonization hypothesis; Howe and Smallwood 1982), or (3) nonrandomly placing seeds in locations favorable for ...
Distribution Ecology: Variation in Plant Recruitment over a Gradient
... fornia, USA, a region characterized by a Mediterraabundance), needs to be tested; alternative hypotheses exist (e.g., Harper 1977, Louda 1982). Some plants, nean climate with cool, moist winters and hot, dry for example, compensate for early losses by further summers (Barbour and Major 1977, Miller ...
... fornia, USA, a region characterized by a Mediterraabundance), needs to be tested; alternative hypotheses exist (e.g., Harper 1977, Louda 1982). Some plants, nean climate with cool, moist winters and hot, dry for example, compensate for early losses by further summers (Barbour and Major 1977, Miller ...
Journal of Tropical Ecology (2003) - Instituto de Biologia
... of tropical species has focused mostly on fruit consumption and seed deposition patterns generated by vertebrates (Fleming 1986, Wheelwright 1988), recent studies have emphasized the importance of post-dispersal events for the seed fate and demography of plant species in tropical forests (Andresen 1 ...
... of tropical species has focused mostly on fruit consumption and seed deposition patterns generated by vertebrates (Fleming 1986, Wheelwright 1988), recent studies have emphasized the importance of post-dispersal events for the seed fate and demography of plant species in tropical forests (Andresen 1 ...
51 papers with abstracts
... the individual density was low, yielding only 1.2 baboons/ km(2). The groups were small, comprising on average 15 individuals, and the proportion of 1 male groups (50 - 63%) was remarkably high. One-male groups were more female biased than multi-male groups. The baboons were highly frugivorous, spen ...
... the individual density was low, yielding only 1.2 baboons/ km(2). The groups were small, comprising on average 15 individuals, and the proportion of 1 male groups (50 - 63%) was remarkably high. One-male groups were more female biased than multi-male groups. The baboons were highly frugivorous, spen ...
Deer Management Spring 2014
... 2.1 History and current land use of the Site The University of Victoria (UVIC) has a history that begins in the early 1960’s when it converted from a College to a University and moved from the Lansdowne campus to the campus in Gordon Head. (University of Victoria, 2014). Before this the land was use ...
... 2.1 History and current land use of the Site The University of Victoria (UVIC) has a history that begins in the early 1960’s when it converted from a College to a University and moved from the Lansdowne campus to the campus in Gordon Head. (University of Victoria, 2014). Before this the land was use ...
Symbiotic fungi alter plant chemistry that
... and gently dried them with paper towel immediately before tests. We then placed one leaf from each type of plant 2 cm apart on a circular arena (16 cm diameter) connected to an ant colony with a plastic strip (see the Supporting Information, Fig. S1). The elapsed time between the discovery and cutti ...
... and gently dried them with paper towel immediately before tests. We then placed one leaf from each type of plant 2 cm apart on a circular arena (16 cm diameter) connected to an ant colony with a plastic strip (see the Supporting Information, Fig. S1). The elapsed time between the discovery and cutti ...
Fruitful factors: what limits seed production of flowering plants in the
... P.O. Box 3060, STN CSC, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada e-mail: [email protected] B. M. Starzomski e-mail: [email protected] ...
... P.O. Box 3060, STN CSC, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada e-mail: [email protected] B. M. Starzomski e-mail: [email protected] ...
The effect of seed size on seed fate in a subtropical
... Scatter-hoarding rodents acting both as seed predators and dispersers usually play an important role in seed dispersal of many plant species. Seed size is thought to essentially affect rodent scatter-hoarding processes. However, studies to date have frequently shown many controversial results regard ...
... Scatter-hoarding rodents acting both as seed predators and dispersers usually play an important role in seed dispersal of many plant species. Seed size is thought to essentially affect rodent scatter-hoarding processes. However, studies to date have frequently shown many controversial results regard ...
FACTORS AFFECTING POLLINATION AND SEED SET OF A RARE
... along the Pacific Coast of California (Figure 1). In Humboldt County, it occurs primarily on roadsides, skid roads, recent clear-cut areas and other ruderal areas. As with other pioneer or disturbance-related species, S. malachroides appears to be a short-lived perennial. Populations senesce between ...
... along the Pacific Coast of California (Figure 1). In Humboldt County, it occurs primarily on roadsides, skid roads, recent clear-cut areas and other ruderal areas. As with other pioneer or disturbance-related species, S. malachroides appears to be a short-lived perennial. Populations senesce between ...
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... respectively), and lower than in scrublands. The latter were also similar between elevations (0·145 and 0·135 captures per trap per night at mid- and high elevation, respectively). Eleven species of harvester ants were found (Table 2). At mid-elevation the frequency of capture was higher in scrublan ...
... respectively), and lower than in scrublands. The latter were also similar between elevations (0·145 and 0·135 captures per trap per night at mid- and high elevation, respectively). Eleven species of harvester ants were found (Table 2). At mid-elevation the frequency of capture was higher in scrublan ...
establishment by invasive, naturalized, and native asters reflects
... santo, St. Louis, Missouri, USA) and plots were hoed to mineral soil in late July. As part of a larger study, subplots were assigned to one of three treatments: native seed addition, exotic seed addition, or control subplots where no seeds were added. Seed addition subplots received either 20 specie ...
... santo, St. Louis, Missouri, USA) and plots were hoed to mineral soil in late July. As part of a larger study, subplots were assigned to one of three treatments: native seed addition, exotic seed addition, or control subplots where no seeds were added. Seed addition subplots received either 20 specie ...
Trillium grandiflorum
Trillium grandiflorum (common names white trillium, large-flowered trillium, great white trillium, white wake-robin, French trille blanc) is a species of flowering plant in the family Melanthiaceae. A monocotyledonous, herbaceous perennial, it is native to eastern North America, from northern Quebec to the southern parts of the United States through the Appalachian Mountains into northernmost Georgia and west to Minnesota. It also thrives on Vancouver Island in British Columbia. There are also several isolated populations, such as in Nova Scotia and Iowa.Trillium grandiflorum is most common in rich, mixed upland forests. It is easily recognised by its attractive three-petaled white flowers, opening from late spring to early summer, that rise above a whorl of three, leaf-like bracts. It is an example of a spring ephemeral, a plant whose life-cycle is synchronised with that of the deciduous woodland which it favours.