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Information in Radio Waves
Information in Radio Waves

... Remind students of the game “Soy, Sugar, Glue” form the “Information Theory” unit. Information was transmitted but it could only take the form of three words. Those were the rules. Ask students, where there any other transmission channels that became useful as the game went on. For instance, tone of ...
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PHYSICS 202 – FINAL EXAM

... B6: You have a microscope that is 20.0 cm long between the objective and eyepiece lenses. The objective lens has a focal length of 9.00 mm. The microscope forms its final image at infinity. What should be the focal length of the eyepiece lens for this microscope to have an overall magnification of ...
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... 2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E. 3. Section A contains five questions of one mark each, Section B contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains twelve questions of three marks each, Section D contains one value based ...
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8.3 -‐ Critical Angle, Total Internal Reflection and Electromagnetic

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Circular dichroism



Circular dichroism (CD) is dichroism involving circularly polarized light, i.e., the differential absorption of left- and right-handed light. Left-hand circular (LHC) and right-hand circular (RHC) polarized light represent two possible spin angular momentum states for a photon, and so circular dichroism is also referred to as dichroism for spin angular momentum. This phenomenon was discovered by Jean-Baptiste Biot, Augustin Fresnel, and Aimé Cotton in the first half of the 19th century. It is exhibited in the absorption bands of optically active chiral molecules. CD spectroscopy has a wide range of applications in many different fields. Most notably, UV CD is used to investigate the secondary structure of proteins. UV/Vis CD is used to investigate charge-transfer transitions. Near-infrared CD is used to investigate geometric and electronic structure by probing metal d→d transitions. Vibrational circular dichroism, which uses light from the infrared energy region, is used for structural studies of small organic molecules, and most recently proteins and DNA.
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