Atomic & Nuclear Physics
... the sharp peaks are called characteristic lines or characteristic X-rays because they are characteristic of the target material. the characteristic lines are marked Kα and Kβ because they involve the n=1 or K shell of a metal atom. (K shell is the innermost electron shell) if an electron with enough ...
... the sharp peaks are called characteristic lines or characteristic X-rays because they are characteristic of the target material. the characteristic lines are marked Kα and Kβ because they involve the n=1 or K shell of a metal atom. (K shell is the innermost electron shell) if an electron with enough ...
MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY DOCTORAL GENERAL EXAMINATION PART 1 SEPTEMBER 7, 2000
... 2. Use a separate fold of paper for each problem. Write your name and the problem number (IV-3 for example) on each fold. A diagram or sketch as part of the answer is often useful, particularly when a problem asks for a quantitative response. 3. Read the problem carefully and do not do more work tha ...
... 2. Use a separate fold of paper for each problem. Write your name and the problem number (IV-3 for example) on each fold. A diagram or sketch as part of the answer is often useful, particularly when a problem asks for a quantitative response. 3. Read the problem carefully and do not do more work tha ...
The Photoelectric Effect
... proved Einstein’s assertion that light comes in quantized bundles of energy that are directly proportional to the light frequency (E = hν). He also measured h (the proportionality constant, i.e. the slope of the line on the graph) to be 6.57x10-34 Joule-seconds ±0.5% for all the materials he tested. ...
... proved Einstein’s assertion that light comes in quantized bundles of energy that are directly proportional to the light frequency (E = hν). He also measured h (the proportionality constant, i.e. the slope of the line on the graph) to be 6.57x10-34 Joule-seconds ±0.5% for all the materials he tested. ...
Compiled questions (docx 32 kB)
... scanning microscope the dependence is linear. Nonlinear microscopy methods might have linear or quadratic dependence. Which dependence on concentration you would expect in following nonlinear methods: (a) SHG, (b) SFM, (c) TPFE, (d) CARS, (e) heterodyne CARS, (f) SRS. 2. In all microscopy methods wh ...
... scanning microscope the dependence is linear. Nonlinear microscopy methods might have linear or quadratic dependence. Which dependence on concentration you would expect in following nonlinear methods: (a) SHG, (b) SFM, (c) TPFE, (d) CARS, (e) heterodyne CARS, (f) SRS. 2. In all microscopy methods wh ...
Photon diffraction
... microwaves belong to electromagnetic waves. Photons are nanowaves, photon beams aren’ t electromagnetic waves and can have constant or variable intensity. Microwaves utilize the frequency band (3GHz – 3x103 GHz) and the wavelength band (100mm – 0,1mm), infrared radiation utilizes the frequency band ...
... microwaves belong to electromagnetic waves. Photons are nanowaves, photon beams aren’ t electromagnetic waves and can have constant or variable intensity. Microwaves utilize the frequency band (3GHz – 3x103 GHz) and the wavelength band (100mm – 0,1mm), infrared radiation utilizes the frequency band ...
Generating Single Photons on Demand I Vladan Vuletic
... In order to generate a single photon, one may consider using a single microscopic emitter, e.g., a single atom. When an atom makes a transition between two internal states, energy conservation ensures that it will emit exactly one photon with a frequency that corresponds to the energy difference bet ...
... In order to generate a single photon, one may consider using a single microscopic emitter, e.g., a single atom. When an atom makes a transition between two internal states, energy conservation ensures that it will emit exactly one photon with a frequency that corresponds to the energy difference bet ...
Excited State Processes and Application to Lasers The technology
... Stimulated emission is only practical from a singlet state. The ideal laser material has a large absorption, and therefore stimulated emission, coefficient. However, spontaneous emission can compete with the stimulated emission. In practice organic laser dyes are fluorophores as well. 2.0 Lasers The ...
... Stimulated emission is only practical from a singlet state. The ideal laser material has a large absorption, and therefore stimulated emission, coefficient. However, spontaneous emission can compete with the stimulated emission. In practice organic laser dyes are fluorophores as well. 2.0 Lasers The ...
Structure and optical properties of reconstructed Si and Ge surfaces
... as the forces on the bulk atoms are not similar to those on surface atoms. This is called surface reconstruction. When these systems are energetically relaxed, sometimes they form special ordered structures such as one dimensional atomic chains or rows of dimers etc. due to surface reconstruction. S ...
... as the forces on the bulk atoms are not similar to those on surface atoms. This is called surface reconstruction. When these systems are energetically relaxed, sometimes they form special ordered structures such as one dimensional atomic chains or rows of dimers etc. due to surface reconstruction. S ...
Effect of optical basicity and energy transfer on near
... peak band around 1300nm is ascribed in Bi+ ion NIR emitting centre. The peak band around 1030nm emission is characteristic luminescence of Yb3+: 2F52– 2F72 energy levels transition. The result implies that energy transfer progress from Bi+ ions to Yb3+ ions might be occurred under 808nm excitation ...
... peak band around 1300nm is ascribed in Bi+ ion NIR emitting centre. The peak band around 1030nm emission is characteristic luminescence of Yb3+: 2F52– 2F72 energy levels transition. The result implies that energy transfer progress from Bi+ ions to Yb3+ ions might be occurred under 808nm excitation ...
Perspectives of QM
... by materials could not be explained. The atomic and subatomic particles did not behave as expected in existing models of classical theories. Thus emerged a new mathematical model called Quantum Mechanics. It would be paramount to understand that this is merely a description of the natural phenomena. ...
... by materials could not be explained. The atomic and subatomic particles did not behave as expected in existing models of classical theories. Thus emerged a new mathematical model called Quantum Mechanics. It would be paramount to understand that this is merely a description of the natural phenomena. ...
Chapter6_notes
... • Atomic Emission - results in a line spectrum due to the transition of electron between atomic orbitals. • Molecular Emission - results in a band spectrum due to the combination of the transition of electrons between atomic orbitals, molecular orbital, and vibrational states of the molecule. ...
... • Atomic Emission - results in a line spectrum due to the transition of electron between atomic orbitals. • Molecular Emission - results in a band spectrum due to the combination of the transition of electrons between atomic orbitals, molecular orbital, and vibrational states of the molecule. ...
Practice Problems_sources
... (a) Find the internal quantum efficiency and the internal power level. (b) If the refractive index of the medium is 3.5, find the power emitted from the device. (Ans. (a) 0.7826 and 25.9 mW (b) 0.366 mW) 4. (a)A GaAlAs laser diode has a 500 micron cavity length which has an effective absorption coef ...
... (a) Find the internal quantum efficiency and the internal power level. (b) If the refractive index of the medium is 3.5, find the power emitted from the device. (Ans. (a) 0.7826 and 25.9 mW (b) 0.366 mW) 4. (a)A GaAlAs laser diode has a 500 micron cavity length which has an effective absorption coef ...
Geant4: Electromagnetic Processes 1
... G4Scintillation should be ordered after all energy loss processes G4Cerenkov is active only if for the given material an index of refraction is provided For simulation of optical photons propagation G4OpticalSurface should be defined for a given optical system Geant4 ...
... G4Scintillation should be ordered after all energy loss processes G4Cerenkov is active only if for the given material an index of refraction is provided For simulation of optical photons propagation G4OpticalSurface should be defined for a given optical system Geant4 ...
Photoelectric Effect
... The kinetic energy can be measured indirectly by using what is known as the stopping voltage. As the electrons escape, they find themselves moving through an electric field that wants to stop them before they complete their journey to the other electrode. If the field is too great, they turn around ...
... The kinetic energy can be measured indirectly by using what is known as the stopping voltage. As the electrons escape, they find themselves moving through an electric field that wants to stop them before they complete their journey to the other electrode. If the field is too great, they turn around ...
How to face the loss in plasmonics and
... k12 k0 ~ / vF (where vF ~ 108 cm / s is Fermi velocity), typically more than 3nm 1 , way too large to be supplied by a photon, or in our case a SPP. Therefore, the absorption process requires a phonon or an imperfection (Fig. 2a) and it results in two “hot” carriers – electron and hole -- who ...
... k12 k0 ~ / vF (where vF ~ 108 cm / s is Fermi velocity), typically more than 3nm 1 , way too large to be supplied by a photon, or in our case a SPP. Therefore, the absorption process requires a phonon or an imperfection (Fig. 2a) and it results in two “hot” carriers – electron and hole -- who ...
Stimulated Emission and Inversion 9.2.2 Laser Diodes
... reason for amplification, has a second indirect meaning, too: The light emitted is exactly in phase or phase coherent (or simply coherent) to the light in the input. Coherent then also means that the waves are all traveling in exactly the same direction. Unfortunately, Lasers in this broad sense do ...
... reason for amplification, has a second indirect meaning, too: The light emitted is exactly in phase or phase coherent (or simply coherent) to the light in the input. Coherent then also means that the waves are all traveling in exactly the same direction. Unfortunately, Lasers in this broad sense do ...
Downloaded
... Results reveal that the short-wavelength light corresponding to the high-energy absorption band of the colored DAE film generated higher carrier/photon efficiency than did the long-wavelength light corresponding to the low-energy absorption band. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1 ...
... Results reveal that the short-wavelength light corresponding to the high-energy absorption band of the colored DAE film generated higher carrier/photon efficiency than did the long-wavelength light corresponding to the low-energy absorption band. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1 ...
Principles of Ion Implant Implant Mechanics
... Projected Range (Rp) Rp of Boron, Phosphorous, Arsenic and Antimony in Silicon as a function of the ion energy Rp (µm) ...
... Projected Range (Rp) Rp of Boron, Phosphorous, Arsenic and Antimony in Silicon as a function of the ion energy Rp (µm) ...
Electron energy Loss Spectroscopy EELS o HREELS
... Usually for HREELS studies primary electron beams are employed with impact energies between 1 e 20 eV striking the surface st grazing incidence. EELS takes place however also for swift electrons and is used in TEM studies. The energy loss is generated by the variable electric field generated by the ...
... Usually for HREELS studies primary electron beams are employed with impact energies between 1 e 20 eV striking the surface st grazing incidence. EELS takes place however also for swift electrons and is used in TEM studies. The energy loss is generated by the variable electric field generated by the ...
Document
... Photomultiplier-single channel, but very high sensitivity - Light falls on a photosensitive alloy (Cs3Sb, K2CsSb, Na2KSb) - Electrons from surface are accelerated towards secondary electrodes called dynodes and gain enough energy to remove further electrons (typically 4-12, to 50 with GaP). - For 9 ...
... Photomultiplier-single channel, but very high sensitivity - Light falls on a photosensitive alloy (Cs3Sb, K2CsSb, Na2KSb) - Electrons from surface are accelerated towards secondary electrodes called dynodes and gain enough energy to remove further electrons (typically 4-12, to 50 with GaP). - For 9 ...
Lab work 3: Measurement of size and isoelectric point
... (Smoluchowski, valid for particles with radius much larger than the thickness of the electric double layer) ...
... (Smoluchowski, valid for particles with radius much larger than the thickness of the electric double layer) ...
CYK/2006/PH406/Tutorial 5 1. Calculate the probability of excitation
... • Large τ implies that a near constant field is applied, hence the final state is mixture of ground state and first excited state (same result as the one you would get from time independent perturbation theory ...
... • Large τ implies that a near constant field is applied, hence the final state is mixture of ground state and first excited state (same result as the one you would get from time independent perturbation theory ...
Assignment 2 - Department of Physics and Astronomy
... Consider point ions of mass M and charge e immersed in a uniform sea of conduction electrons. The ions are imagined to be in stable equilibrium when at regular lattice points. If one ion is displaced of a small distance r from its equilibrium position, the restoring force is largely due to the elect ...
... Consider point ions of mass M and charge e immersed in a uniform sea of conduction electrons. The ions are imagined to be in stable equilibrium when at regular lattice points. If one ion is displaced of a small distance r from its equilibrium position, the restoring force is largely due to the elect ...
Uncertainty Principle: Classic and Quantum Aspects
... the initial assertion from the given expression is not quite correct. The essence of the set problem consists besides basically of uncertainties. Only in item 1 this relation was utillized for steams energy - time (E, t), and in the given item - for steams pulse - coordinate (k, r). So, formulation. ...
... the initial assertion from the given expression is not quite correct. The essence of the set problem consists besides basically of uncertainties. Only in item 1 this relation was utillized for steams energy - time (E, t), and in the given item - for steams pulse - coordinate (k, r). So, formulation. ...
Physics 280/Jones Week 02 In-Class Problems Fall 2014 1
... the second plate, the voltage is increased to stopping potential so that the electron slows down, comes to a stop, and then accelerates back towards the plate, impacting the plate with the same kinetic energy it had at liberation. Surprise! A photon is released. Electrons in an x-ray tube accelerate ...
... the second plate, the voltage is increased to stopping potential so that the electron slows down, comes to a stop, and then accelerates back towards the plate, impacting the plate with the same kinetic energy it had at liberation. Surprise! A photon is released. Electrons in an x-ray tube accelerate ...