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ap.psychology.course.outline.2016.2017
ap.psychology.course.outline.2016.2017

... •Define standardization, reliability, and validity, and explain why each is important for intelligence testing. •Define mental retardation and some of its causes •Identify the criteria necessary for giftedness and long-term characteristics of gifted people • Explain how biology, genetics, and the en ...
AP Psychology – 2012-2013 UNIT 1: Social Psychology and Stress
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... •Define standardization, reliability, and validity, and explain why each is important for intelligence testing. •Define mental retardation and some of its causes •Identify the criteria necessary for giftedness and long-term characteristics of gifted people • Explain how biology, genetics, and the en ...
Positive psychology in cancer care: safe territory or a bridge too far?
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... Several studies we have examined show that there is a definite correlation between emotional stress and the development of disease, including cancer. Likewise, we can conclude that a positive outlook, lowered anxiety and depression, a sense of control, and improved mood increase the survival times o ...
Self-certainty: Parallels to Attitude Certainty
Self-certainty: Parallels to Attitude Certainty

... and behavior (e.g., Beck, 1976; Ellis, 1962). Because of this, we will not focus specifically on self-beliefs or self-evaluation, but instead, we will draw on research that has examined both in order to provide a more complete body of work on which to base our analysis. Beyond differences in the sel ...
The Relational Self: An Interpersonal Social–Cognitive Theory
The Relational Self: An Interpersonal Social–Cognitive Theory

... In this article, we first articulate the major propositions of our theory and then present evidence supporting the theory. Later, we consider related bodies of work on the self that are of special substantive relevance because they touch on similar themes from a broader vantage point in the field an ...
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...  What is a critical period? How do Lorenz’s studies of imprinting in baby birds suggest a critical period?  Does development occur continually or in stages?  How did Jean Piaget view cognitive development? What did Piaget mean by the terms, scheme, assimilation and accommodation? How did Piaget s ...
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... A key insight gained by attitude and trait researchers was the specificity or specificity matching principle. This principle was designed to accommodate the fact that in naturally occurring settings, outcomes are typically caused by multiple factors, many of which may be rivals of the particular pre ...
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LAY THEORIES OF HAPPINESS This study set out

... 1990). There is also an extensive literature on subjective well-being (Bradburn, 1969; Clemente and Sauer, 1976; Costa and McCrae, 1980; Diener, 1984; Diener and Emmons, 1984; Emmons and Diener, 1985). Eysenck (1990) however argues that many lay theories about happiness are myths. “We have encounter ...
Personality and Persuasion
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Copyright © 2001. All Rights Reserved.
Copyright © 2001. All Rights Reserved.

... central versus peripheral route to persuasion. Consider first the case of a student who has studied diligently for an exam. The student knows the material over which he is being tested, reads each test question and set of answers, relates this incoming information to what he remembers about the mate ...
Copyright © 2001. All Rights Reserved.
Copyright © 2001. All Rights Reserved.

... central versus peripheral route to persuasion. Consider first the case of a student wbo has studied diligently for an exam. Tbe student knows the material over which he is being tested, reads eacb test question and set of answers, relates this incoming information to what he remembers about the mate ...
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... are directly analogous to personality traits, a behavioural syndrome can be considered a major dimension of animal personality (Gosling & Oliver, 1999). Behavioural syndromes are challenging to understand, both in terms of the ultimate and proximate reasons for trait correlations (Sih et al ., 2004) ...
Assessing Personality and Psychopathology With Self
Assessing Personality and Psychopathology With Self

... Self-report inventories (SRIs) have been a mainstay of assessment psychology for over seven decades. Researchers and clinicians use them frequently in a broad range of settings and applications. These assessment devices require that the test taker respond to a series of stimuli, the test items, by i ...
Course Description: Advanced Placement Psychology Honors
Course Description: Advanced Placement Psychology Honors

... Psychology, while introducing the major theories of learning, thinking, language and intelligence. Key psychologists’ theories of personality development, and emotions and motivations are explored. The course culminates with the exploration of abnormal behavior, its causes, treatments and impact upo ...
Advanced Placement Psychology
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... Psychology, while introducing the major theories of learning, thinking, language and intelligence. Key psychologists’ theories of personality development, and emotions and motivations are explored. The course culminates with the exploration of abnormal behavior, its causes, treatments and impact upo ...
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... Horney believed there was a conflict between our “real self” and the “idealized self.” The normal person understands their life goals and dreams in a realistic manner. A neurotic person perceives the traumas of life to be a challenge to perform perfectly, so that others will see how well they perfor ...
Sports Psychology – Year 13 A
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Less Is More: The Lure of Ambiguity, or Why Familiarity Breeds
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... lead to greater liking? Indeed, much research suggests that uncertainty—a state in which people find themselves whenever meeting a stranger—is an aversive state that people seek to resolve (Berger, 1979). Festinger’s (1957) theory of cognitive dissonance, for example, suggests that uncertainty about ...
Chapter 6 Behaviorist and Learning Aspects of
Chapter 6 Behaviorist and Learning Aspects of

... by Sears) showed that A) parents’ reports of how much they punished the child were related to the child’s friendliness. B) child-rearing practices were completely unrelated to personality characteristics. C) child-rearing practices were found to be highly related to all personality outcomes examined ...
Psy_1010_Essay
Psy_1010_Essay

... Abraham Maslow created an organized pyramid of human needs that reveal great importance toward understanding motivation, personality and of course need. Maslow’s theory of human needs is known as the Hierarchy of Needs, “which is a systematic arrangement of needs, according to priority, in which bas ...
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... • Heritability: A statistical estimate of the proportion of the total variance in some trait that is attributable to genetic differences among individuals within a group. • Behavioral genetics: An interdisciplinary field of study concerned with the genetic basis of behavior and personality. Wade and ...
20356-46231-3-SP - Scandinavian Journal of Child and
20356-46231-3-SP - Scandinavian Journal of Child and

... the stability of borderline symptoms over the study period appeared to be primarily influenced by a combination of genetic and non-shared environmental factors. This finding suggests that older adolescents play a more active role in selecting their environment and their social relationships and infl ...
Huffman PowerPoint Slides
Huffman PowerPoint Slides

... Copyright 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY. All rights reserved. No part of the material protected by this copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by ...
1st Semester Final Exam "Cliff Notes" Review Sheet (Units 1-7)
1st Semester Final Exam "Cliff Notes" Review Sheet (Units 1-7)

... Why aren’t intuition and common sense enough to provide information about people’s thoughts and behaviors? What are hindsight and overconfidence? 4-2 Scientific attitude and critical thinking What are 3 main components of the scientific attitude? Who is James Randi? What is critical thinking? Module ...
Origins of Purpose in Life
Origins of Purpose in Life

< 1 2 3 4 5 6 ... 22 >

Personality psychology

Personality psychology is a branch of psychology that studies personality and its variation among individuals. Its areas of focus include: Construction of a coherent picture of the individual and their major psychological processes Investigation of individual psychological differences Investigation of human nature and psychological similarities between individuals""Personality"" is a dynamic and organized set of characteristics possessed by a person that uniquely influences their environment, cognitions, emotions, motivations, and behavioral science in various situations. The word ""personality"" originates from the Latin persona, which means mask. Personality also refers to the pattern of thoughts, feelings, social adjustments, and behaviors consistently exhibited over time that strongly influences one's expectations, self-perceptions, values, and attitudes. It also predicts human reactions to other people, problems, and stress. There is still no universal consensus on the definition of ""personality"" in psychology. Gordon Allport (1937) described two major ways to study personality: the nomothetic and the idiographic. Nomothetic psychology seeks general laws that can be applied to many different people, such as the principle of self-actualization or the trait of extraversion. Idiographic psychology is an attempt to understand the unique aspects of a particular individual.The study of personality has a broad and varied history in psychology with an abundance of theoretical traditions. The major theories include dispositional (trait) perspective, psychodynamic, humanistic, biological, behaviorist, evolutionary and social learning perspective. However, many researchers and psychologists do not explicitly identify themselves with a certain perspective and instead take an eclectic approach. Research in this area is empirically driven, such as dimensional models, based on multivariate statistics, such as factor analysis, or emphasizes theory development, such as that of the psychodynamic theory. There is also a substantial emphasis on the applied field of personality testing. In psychological education and training, the study of the nature of personality and its psychological development is usually reviewed as a prerequisite to courses in abnormal psychology or clinical psychology.
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