four workable ways to determine the height of a tall building using a
... A number of readers pointed out that they have heard this question before. However, there was no consensus on its age or origin. One respondent said that the challenge was originally posed to Niels Bohr, but that it had involved a barometer rather than a laser. Others believed that the problem can t ...
... A number of readers pointed out that they have heard this question before. However, there was no consensus on its age or origin. One respondent said that the challenge was originally posed to Niels Bohr, but that it had involved a barometer rather than a laser. Others believed that the problem can t ...
45.Z-scan measurement of the nonlinear refractive index of graphene
... shown) on optical transmission measurements. Different graphene samples, with one, two, three, four, and six layers, were used in the experiments reported below. The fabrication process produces loosely stacked graphene layers wherein the optical properties are expected to arise from the cumulative ...
... shown) on optical transmission measurements. Different graphene samples, with one, two, three, four, and six layers, were used in the experiments reported below. The fabrication process produces loosely stacked graphene layers wherein the optical properties are expected to arise from the cumulative ...
Semiconductor Laser Diodes
... • Semiconductor laser diodes are cheap and easy to use compared to other types of lasers. • They can be used for many applications, and have the ability to be produced in a wide range of wavelengths and powers. • The most important electronic consideration is the fact that a precisely controlled cur ...
... • Semiconductor laser diodes are cheap and easy to use compared to other types of lasers. • They can be used for many applications, and have the ability to be produced in a wide range of wavelengths and powers. • The most important electronic consideration is the fact that a precisely controlled cur ...
CHAPTER 1 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Overview The word LASER
... emission cross section of Nd:YAG crystals at the major line of 1064 nm pumped by diode lasers. However, to the best of our knowledge, few studies have been conducted on the main lines of quasi three level lines at 938 and 946 nm wavelengths induced by a flashlamp pumped Nd:YAG laser. Therefore, in t ...
... emission cross section of Nd:YAG crystals at the major line of 1064 nm pumped by diode lasers. However, to the best of our knowledge, few studies have been conducted on the main lines of quasi three level lines at 938 and 946 nm wavelengths induced by a flashlamp pumped Nd:YAG laser. Therefore, in t ...
The Basic Idea
... encounter yet another resonant cavity in their respective arms. They are called FabryPerot cavities (FP). Each of the FP cavities are another kind of interferometer; it has a partially reflecting mirror at one end, where the light enters, and a fully reflecting one at the far end. You can probably s ...
... encounter yet another resonant cavity in their respective arms. They are called FabryPerot cavities (FP). Each of the FP cavities are another kind of interferometer; it has a partially reflecting mirror at one end, where the light enters, and a fully reflecting one at the far end. You can probably s ...
Development of a Total Internal Reflection Illumination System for
... background fluorescence required further modification to an evanescent wave illumination system. This can, in principle, be done through the objective or externally. The external illumination system proved to be ...
... background fluorescence required further modification to an evanescent wave illumination system. This can, in principle, be done through the objective or externally. The external illumination system proved to be ...
863875
... design of interfering beams for complex 3D spiraling lattices imbedded with tunable vortex clusters. As three plane waves being the minimum number of interfering plane waves for the resultant vortex-embedded irradiance field, in our wave design, we choose n = 3 plane waves as the basic combination o ...
... design of interfering beams for complex 3D spiraling lattices imbedded with tunable vortex clusters. As three plane waves being the minimum number of interfering plane waves for the resultant vortex-embedded irradiance field, in our wave design, we choose n = 3 plane waves as the basic combination o ...
laser optical disk set
... 5.2 Image formation in a convex lens Using the single ray setting, the method for locating the real image of a convex lens with two rays can be demonstrated. Place the biconvex lens at the center of the template with its long axis aligned with the 0—90° line of the protractor. Choose a point a ...
... 5.2 Image formation in a convex lens Using the single ray setting, the method for locating the real image of a convex lens with two rays can be demonstrated. Place the biconvex lens at the center of the template with its long axis aligned with the 0—90° line of the protractor. Choose a point a ...
Rayleigh scattering. Scattering and absorption by aerosols and
... ii) Particle is homogeneous (therefore it is characterized by a single refractive index m=n - ik at a given wavelength); NOTE: Mie theory requires the relative refractive index = refractive index of a particle/refractive index of a medium. But for air m is about 1, so one needs to know the refractiv ...
... ii) Particle is homogeneous (therefore it is characterized by a single refractive index m=n - ik at a given wavelength); NOTE: Mie theory requires the relative refractive index = refractive index of a particle/refractive index of a medium. But for air m is about 1, so one needs to know the refractiv ...
Dynamic method to distinguish between left- and right
... Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 087001 (2005). [3] STIRAP is a well-studied pump-probe control scheme for manipulating the population of quantum states of atoms or molecules, see, e.g., K. Bergmann, H. Theuer, and B. W. Shore, Rev. Mod. Phys. 70, 1003 (1998). [4] P. Král, I. Thanopulos, and M. Shapiro, Phys. ...
... Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 087001 (2005). [3] STIRAP is a well-studied pump-probe control scheme for manipulating the population of quantum states of atoms or molecules, see, e.g., K. Bergmann, H. Theuer, and B. W. Shore, Rev. Mod. Phys. 70, 1003 (1998). [4] P. Král, I. Thanopulos, and M. Shapiro, Phys. ...
Other photon-lithographies
... • Since both phase and intensity of light reflected by each pixel can be controlled, SLM can easily realize most RETs (resolution enhancement technology) such as phase-shifting, optical proximity correction (OPC), sub-resolution assist features (SRAF), and chromeless phase lithography (CPL). • When ...
... • Since both phase and intensity of light reflected by each pixel can be controlled, SLM can easily realize most RETs (resolution enhancement technology) such as phase-shifting, optical proximity correction (OPC), sub-resolution assist features (SRAF), and chromeless phase lithography (CPL). • When ...
Optical properties of Al2O3 thin films grown by
... contrast optical waveguides has been an important task in integrated optics since its inception. Integrated optical devices and systems are applied in optical communication and optical sensors, as well as emerging applications, such as on-chip optical clock distribution and optical chip-to-chip inte ...
... contrast optical waveguides has been an important task in integrated optics since its inception. Integrated optical devices and systems are applied in optical communication and optical sensors, as well as emerging applications, such as on-chip optical clock distribution and optical chip-to-chip inte ...
Investigation of ultrafast demagnetization and cubic optical
... beams had angles of incidence of 4° and 26°, respectively, and average powers of 200 mW and 4 mW, respectively. Both beams were focused to a diameter of about 15 m on the surface of the sample. The resulting pump fluence of about 1.4 mJ/cm2 lies within the regime where the magnetooptical response i ...
... beams had angles of incidence of 4° and 26°, respectively, and average powers of 200 mW and 4 mW, respectively. Both beams were focused to a diameter of about 15 m on the surface of the sample. The resulting pump fluence of about 1.4 mJ/cm2 lies within the regime where the magnetooptical response i ...
On-chip gas detection in silicon optical microcavities
... temperature. According to [12] we compute the Gladstone-Dale constant for acetylene at a wavelength of 1527.5 nm to be K GD = 14.26 cm3/mol. Note that despite the weak molecular resonances which absorb in this wavelength range [13], to a good approximation K GD can be considered to be constant. This ...
... temperature. According to [12] we compute the Gladstone-Dale constant for acetylene at a wavelength of 1527.5 nm to be K GD = 14.26 cm3/mol. Note that despite the weak molecular resonances which absorb in this wavelength range [13], to a good approximation K GD can be considered to be constant. This ...
At-wavelength figure metrology of hard x
... hard x-ray microscopy, microdiffraction, and spectromicroscopy using a hard x-ray microprobe have the ability to analyze materials nondestructively with precise spatial information. In these techniques, not only the focusing size of the hard x rays, but also the focusing intensity distribution prope ...
... hard x-ray microscopy, microdiffraction, and spectromicroscopy using a hard x-ray microprobe have the ability to analyze materials nondestructively with precise spatial information. In these techniques, not only the focusing size of the hard x rays, but also the focusing intensity distribution prope ...
Ray Model
... 1. A light ray is launched in a plane containing the axis of the fiber. We can then see the light ray after total internal reflection travels in the same plane i.e., the ray is confined to the plane in which it was launched and never leave the plane. In this situation the rays will always cross the ...
... 1. A light ray is launched in a plane containing the axis of the fiber. We can then see the light ray after total internal reflection travels in the same plane i.e., the ray is confined to the plane in which it was launched and never leave the plane. In this situation the rays will always cross the ...
CALCULATION OF THE ELECTRON MOBILITY OF GaN
... devices. GaN is one of the best candidates among other wide-band-gap materials for optoelectronic and electronic applications [1]. The direct nature of its band gap makes GaN ideal for optical detection and emission within the ultraviolet portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Furthermore, the lar ...
... devices. GaN is one of the best candidates among other wide-band-gap materials for optoelectronic and electronic applications [1]. The direct nature of its band gap makes GaN ideal for optical detection and emission within the ultraviolet portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Furthermore, the lar ...
\ 204 207 208 209 210 21g \ 221 /
... phenomenon involving spontaneous scattering of light in a medium due to interaction betWeen the light and sound Waves passing through the medium. [0018] Cavity or Optically Resonant Cavity refers to an optical path de?ned by tWo or more re?ecting surfaces along Which light can reciprocate or circula ...
... phenomenon involving spontaneous scattering of light in a medium due to interaction betWeen the light and sound Waves passing through the medium. [0018] Cavity or Optically Resonant Cavity refers to an optical path de?ned by tWo or more re?ecting surfaces along Which light can reciprocate or circula ...
CP1: Investigation into the Feasibility of a Three Axis
... being colourless and transparent [12] and results in the need to use dyes to increase contrast. It is often the case that such features, despite being colourless and transparent, do have varying refractive indexes. This produces the reflections and/or changes in optical path length1 required for int ...
... being colourless and transparent [12] and results in the need to use dyes to increase contrast. It is often the case that such features, despite being colourless and transparent, do have varying refractive indexes. This produces the reflections and/or changes in optical path length1 required for int ...
Optical tweezers
Optical tweezers (originally called ""single-beam gradient force trap"") are scientific instruments that use a highly focused laser beam to provide an attractive or repulsive force (typically on the order of piconewtons), depending on the refractive index mismatch to physically hold and move microscopic dielectric objects similar to tweezers. Optical tweezers have been particularly successful in studying a variety of biological systems in recent years.