Ecology - The Open University
... environment – a truly vast area of biology. The original course examined the biological principles that are the basis for analysing and understanding ecological situations, and should give you some of the skills and knowledge needed by professional ecologists. There were five books, each taking an e ...
... environment – a truly vast area of biology. The original course examined the biological principles that are the basis for analysing and understanding ecological situations, and should give you some of the skills and knowledge needed by professional ecologists. There were five books, each taking an e ...
Spatial patterns of an endemic Mediterranean palm recolonizing old
... Throughout Europe, increased levels of land abandonment lead to (re)colonization of old lands by forests and shrublands. Very little is known about the spatial pattern of plants recolonizing such old fields. We mapped in two 21–22-ha plots, located in the Doñana National Park (Spain), all adult indi ...
... Throughout Europe, increased levels of land abandonment lead to (re)colonization of old lands by forests and shrublands. Very little is known about the spatial pattern of plants recolonizing such old fields. We mapped in two 21–22-ha plots, located in the Doñana National Park (Spain), all adult indi ...
ap biology summer assignment 2009-2010
... 18. Explain how dominant and keystone species exert strong control on community structure. Give several examples of each. 19. Describe and distinguish between the bottom-up and top-down models of community organization. Also, describe some models that are intermediate between those two extremes. 20. ...
... 18. Explain how dominant and keystone species exert strong control on community structure. Give several examples of each. 19. Describe and distinguish between the bottom-up and top-down models of community organization. Also, describe some models that are intermediate between those two extremes. 20. ...
ppt檔案
... serrata and D. pseudoobscura. The solid lines are observed isoclines; the dashed lines are isoclines predicted by the ...
... serrata and D. pseudoobscura. The solid lines are observed isoclines; the dashed lines are isoclines predicted by the ...
Soil nutrient status determines how elephant utilize trees and shape
... Shipley 2005; Fryxell 2008). These aggregated resources can be defined as patches that are discrete spatial units differing from their surroundings in composition and ⁄ or appearance and that cause changes in herbivore foraging behaviour (Kotliar & Wiens 1990; Searle, Hobbs & Shipley 2005). Furthermo ...
... Shipley 2005; Fryxell 2008). These aggregated resources can be defined as patches that are discrete spatial units differing from their surroundings in composition and ⁄ or appearance and that cause changes in herbivore foraging behaviour (Kotliar & Wiens 1990; Searle, Hobbs & Shipley 2005). Furthermo ...
The Effects of Spatial Scale on Trophic Interactions
... (that is, pest) densities, the coupling of consumers and resources in homogenous systems is broken. The effect is often pest outbreaks that have to be managed by pesticides (for example, Juska and others 1997). Homogenization of agricultural landscapes may even affect control of pest outbreaks by hi ...
... (that is, pest) densities, the coupling of consumers and resources in homogenous systems is broken. The effect is often pest outbreaks that have to be managed by pesticides (for example, Juska and others 1997). Homogenization of agricultural landscapes may even affect control of pest outbreaks by hi ...
Curriculum Vitae Elizabeth A. Lynch Employment 2005
... Calcote, R., E.A. Lynch, S.C. Hotchkiss, P. Woods, C. Drake*, E. Erickson. 2010. A mid-Holocene prairie extension in northwestern Wisconsin. American Quaternary Association (AMQUA) biennial meeting, 12-15 August, 2010, Laramie, Wyoming. Calcote, R., S.C. Hotchkiss, E.A. Lynch, C. Drake, and *C. Suth ...
... Calcote, R., E.A. Lynch, S.C. Hotchkiss, P. Woods, C. Drake*, E. Erickson. 2010. A mid-Holocene prairie extension in northwestern Wisconsin. American Quaternary Association (AMQUA) biennial meeting, 12-15 August, 2010, Laramie, Wyoming. Calcote, R., S.C. Hotchkiss, E.A. Lynch, C. Drake, and *C. Suth ...
Chapter 1 in Falk et al. 2005 - Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
... Each chapter in this book addresses a particular area of ecological theory. Some of these (e.g. population genetics, demography, community ecology) are traditional levels of biological hierarchy, while others (species interactions, fine-scale heterogeneity, successional trajectories, invasive specie ...
... Each chapter in this book addresses a particular area of ecological theory. Some of these (e.g. population genetics, demography, community ecology) are traditional levels of biological hierarchy, while others (species interactions, fine-scale heterogeneity, successional trajectories, invasive specie ...
- Science Publishing Group
... or can be used in future for life improvement and economical development, and also it can be play specific social-economical role. Landscapes are differing from each other according to potential. Some landscapes can have one type of potential, another landscapes – set of these types. e.g. The main p ...
... or can be used in future for life improvement and economical development, and also it can be play specific social-economical role. Landscapes are differing from each other according to potential. Some landscapes can have one type of potential, another landscapes – set of these types. e.g. The main p ...
Comments
... and the external aquatic environment could homogenize environmental conditions among enclosures within ponds (blocks) and thus potentially mask true treatment effects. This condition is not correctable by extracting block effects. Skelly (2002) did not report what other organisms occurred in the pon ...
... and the external aquatic environment could homogenize environmental conditions among enclosures within ponds (blocks) and thus potentially mask true treatment effects. This condition is not correctable by extracting block effects. Skelly (2002) did not report what other organisms occurred in the pon ...
Spatial dynamics and cross-correlation in a transient predator–prey
... community and internal system changes from seasonto-season. Also, control interventions targeting insect pest populations can be frequent, exacerbating the ...
... community and internal system changes from seasonto-season. Also, control interventions targeting insect pest populations can be frequent, exacerbating the ...
Agents of Pattern Formation: Disturbance Regimes
... create landscape patterns, but rather interact with the physical template and biotic processes, often in synergistic ways, to affect landscape patterns. Indeed, in real landscapes it is exceedingly difficult to isolate the independent affects of these three agents because they are typically confound ...
... create landscape patterns, but rather interact with the physical template and biotic processes, often in synergistic ways, to affect landscape patterns. Indeed, in real landscapes it is exceedingly difficult to isolate the independent affects of these three agents because they are typically confound ...
AP BIOLOGY SUMMER ASSIGNMENT 2013
... ©2002 or 2008 by Benjamin Cummings, an imprint of Addison Wesley [email protected] and [email protected] Purpose: This assignment will allow students to become familiar in utilizing a college-level text to begin their study of Advanced Placement Biology. By completing this u ...
... ©2002 or 2008 by Benjamin Cummings, an imprint of Addison Wesley [email protected] and [email protected] Purpose: This assignment will allow students to become familiar in utilizing a college-level text to begin their study of Advanced Placement Biology. By completing this u ...
shading facilitates sessile invertebrate - Ron Etter
... between native and invader diversity on large scales (Davies et al. 2005), and knowledge of species’ responses to such heterogeneity can be used to predict invasion potential (Peterson 2003). Many correlational studies have related species distributions and diversity to abiotic heterogeneity (review ...
... between native and invader diversity on large scales (Davies et al. 2005), and knowledge of species’ responses to such heterogeneity can be used to predict invasion potential (Peterson 2003). Many correlational studies have related species distributions and diversity to abiotic heterogeneity (review ...
pdf - Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee
... Nowadays, nature conservation management actions in coastal dunes mainly aim to tackle problems of shrub and tall grass encroachment and the expansion of (plantations with) non-native species. Actions taken are grazing by live stock, sod cutting, mowing and mechanical/manual removal of invasive spec ...
... Nowadays, nature conservation management actions in coastal dunes mainly aim to tackle problems of shrub and tall grass encroachment and the expansion of (plantations with) non-native species. Actions taken are grazing by live stock, sod cutting, mowing and mechanical/manual removal of invasive spec ...
SUCCESSION AND STABILITY
... z Therefore, the rate of ecosystem recovery is higher in upwelling zones since the rate of algal biomass accumulation is higher in ...
... z Therefore, the rate of ecosystem recovery is higher in upwelling zones since the rate of algal biomass accumulation is higher in ...
Human-induced biotic invasions and changes in plankton
... shifts in biotic interactions after the establishment of invasive zooplankton species. In particular, ...
... shifts in biotic interactions after the establishment of invasive zooplankton species. In particular, ...
Biodiversity and the African Savanna: Problems of Definition and
... at the same level of the hierarchy. Holons also affect those lower down in the hierarchy. Therefore, if human factors are placed at the top, it means that people affect fire and herbivory, which also affect PAM and PAN. PAM may be ranked above PAN because moisture (from rainfall, ground water and ev ...
... at the same level of the hierarchy. Holons also affect those lower down in the hierarchy. Therefore, if human factors are placed at the top, it means that people affect fire and herbivory, which also affect PAM and PAN. PAM may be ranked above PAN because moisture (from rainfall, ground water and ev ...
PRIMARY PRODUCTION AND ENERGY FLOW
... ¾ Reduced self-shading ¾ Improved water balance due to reduced leaf area ...
... ¾ Reduced self-shading ¾ Improved water balance due to reduced leaf area ...
Effects of patch attributes, barriers, and distance between patches
... that were not, four were separated from the nearest occupied patch by a river. Two patches (#7 and 22) were incorrectly predicted to be unoccupied by the size and distance model, and both had deep and abundant crevices. The more complex model incorrectly predicted occupancy of three patches. One pat ...
... that were not, four were separated from the nearest occupied patch by a river. Two patches (#7 and 22) were incorrectly predicted to be unoccupied by the size and distance model, and both had deep and abundant crevices. The more complex model incorrectly predicted occupancy of three patches. One pat ...
Curriculum Vitae
... Pringle, RM. 2009. Review of “Paradise Found: Nature in America at the Time of Discovery,” by S Nicholls. Environmental Conservation 36:173-174. ...
... Pringle, RM. 2009. Review of “Paradise Found: Nature in America at the Time of Discovery,” by S Nicholls. Environmental Conservation 36:173-174. ...
Habitat Loss and Fragmentation
... of Earth’s potentially suitable land (FAO, 2003). The cover type for which loss is best documented globally is forest (Balmford et al., 2002). Earth’s forests underwent a net decrease of 5.2 million hectares per year between 2000 and 2010 with the greatest losses occurring in tropical and subtropica ...
... of Earth’s potentially suitable land (FAO, 2003). The cover type for which loss is best documented globally is forest (Balmford et al., 2002). Earth’s forests underwent a net decrease of 5.2 million hectares per year between 2000 and 2010 with the greatest losses occurring in tropical and subtropica ...
Ecological Restoration - UW Courses Web Server
... Ecological Restoration Ecological restoration is the process of assisting the recovery of an ecosystem that has been degraded, damaged or destroyed. ...
... Ecological Restoration Ecological restoration is the process of assisting the recovery of an ecosystem that has been degraded, damaged or destroyed. ...
Lecture 12: Surface Processes I: chemical and physical
... our way up river drainages computing average sediment yield, the correlation of the measured rivers is turned into a global map of sediment yield/erosion rate. – What are the major features of the resulting map? ...
... our way up river drainages computing average sediment yield, the correlation of the measured rivers is turned into a global map of sediment yield/erosion rate. – What are the major features of the resulting map? ...
American Journal of Botan
... fragmented landscapes experience these effects differently depending upon their size and mobility. Following Franklin et al. (2002), we define habitat fragmentation as human-induced discontinuity in the spatial distribution of resources and environmental conditions present in an area, over at least ...
... fragmented landscapes experience these effects differently depending upon their size and mobility. Following Franklin et al. (2002), we define habitat fragmentation as human-induced discontinuity in the spatial distribution of resources and environmental conditions present in an area, over at least ...
Landscape ecology
Landscape ecology is the science of studying and improving relationships between ecological processes in the environment and particular ecosystems. This is done within a variety of landscape scales, development spatial patterns, and organizational levels of research and policy.As a highly interdisciplinary field in systems science, landscape ecology integrates biophysical and analytical approaches with humanistic and holistic perspectives across the natural sciences and social sciences. Landscapes are spatially heterogeneous geographic areas characterized by diverse interacting patches or ecosystems, ranging from relatively natural terrestrial and aquatic systems such as forests, grasslands, and lakes to human-dominated environments including agricultural and urban settings. The most salient characteristics of landscape ecology are its emphasis on the relationship among pattern, process and scale, and its focus on broad-scale ecological and environmental issues. These necessitate the coupling between biophysical and socioeconomic sciences. Key research topics in landscape ecology include ecological flows in landscape mosaics, land use and land cover change, scaling, relating landscape pattern analysis with ecological processes, and landscape conservation and sustainability.