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Silicon optical modulators - Optoelectronics Research Centre
Silicon optical modulators - Optoelectronics Research Centre

... The optical bandwidth refers to the useful operational wavelength range of the device. Resonant based devices tend to function over a relatively narrow band in comparison to MZI based modulators and whilst significant footprint savings are obtainable the resultant bandwidth reduction can go from mor ...
Sheets Mar 2014 - Arab Academy for Science, Technology
Sheets Mar 2014 - Arab Academy for Science, Technology

... 8] A typical relative refractive index difference for an optical fiber designed for long transmission is 1%. Estimate the NA and the solid acceptance angle in air for the fiber when the core index is 1.46. Further, calculate the critical angle at the core-cladding interface within the fiber. It may ...
Extended Nijboer-Zernike representation of the vector field in the
Extended Nijboer-Zernike representation of the vector field in the

... The study of the exact field distribution in the focal region of a high numerical aperture optical system attracts much attention due to the numerous applications where highly focused fields are used. We mention the study of biological specimens like living cells, cell nuclei and genetic material usin ...
Use of beam parameters in optical component testing
Use of beam parameters in optical component testing

... specifications. As a result, each item is often passed through a number of tests. Desirable test qualities include precision, accuracy, cost, training requirements, and speed. Many different measures are used to specify the quality of optical components. Optical measurements refer to the effect the ...
Atmospheric Optics
Atmospheric Optics

... we perceive as different colors is approximate, and is slightly different for each person. In this chapter we will use red ≈ 0.7 µm, orange ≈ 0.62 µm, yellow ≈ 0.58 µm, green ≈ 0.53 µm, blue ≈ 0.47 µm, and violet ≈ 0.4 µm wavelength. ...
HERCULES_Neutron_reflectivity
HERCULES_Neutron_reflectivity

... Fig. 5 shows four scattering length density profiles which would give rise to the same reflectivity within the kinematic approximation of reflection[4]. In practise it is usually possible to distinguish between the a/b and c/d pairs from knowledge of the properties of the bulk media involved, but de ...
Fiber Optic Sensors For Detection of Toxic and Biological Threats
Fiber Optic Sensors For Detection of Toxic and Biological Threats

Design and use of guided mode resonance filters for
Design and use of guided mode resonance filters for

... narrow wavelength interval of incident broad band light. They combine a diffractive element with a waveguiding element, and it is the coupling between diffracted light and quasi guided modes that gives rise to the resonant response. The linewidth of the resonance can be tuned by the material and geo ...
Optical and acoustic beam shaping for imaging and
Optical and acoustic beam shaping for imaging and

... Figure 6-2 Reflection of the beam with less axial photon momentum by lens. ...
Rodrigo Aviles‐Espinosa  STRATEGIES FOR PUSHING NONLINEAR MICROSCOPY TOWARDS ITS PERFORMANCE LIMITS
Rodrigo Aviles‐Espinosa  STRATEGIES FOR PUSHING NONLINEAR MICROSCOPY TOWARDS ITS PERFORMANCE LIMITS

Complex air-structured optical fibre drawn from a 3D
Complex air-structured optical fibre drawn from a 3D

... A structured optical fibre is drawn from a 3D-printed structured preform. Preforms containing a single ring of holes around the core are fabricated using filament made from a modified butadiene polymer. More broadly, 3D printers capable of processing soft glasses, silica and other materials are like ...
Optical bandwidth and fabrication tolerances of multimode
Optical bandwidth and fabrication tolerances of multimode

Open the publication - UEF Electronic Publications
Open the publication - UEF Electronic Publications

YZM NI
YZM NI

... 13%, PEG chains contain a negligible amount of water. Since the refractive index of water (1.33) is lower than that of the PEG polymer (1:47),23) as H2 O molecules diffuse out of the PEG brushes from 13 to 16% humidity levels, an increase in the effective index of refraction (n), which is a combinati ...
Nonlinear Microstructure Fibers
Nonlinear Microstructure Fibers

Get PDF - OSA Publishing
Get PDF - OSA Publishing

... coatings (Au surface and Au surface  Al2 O3 layer) were used to examine the effect of the sensor surface material on the measurement results. After each transfer process, SPR measurements were performed in Kretschmann configuration [see Figs. 1(b) and 1(c)] using a BioNavis MP-SPR Navi 200-L appara ...
Achromatic correction of diffractive dispersion in white light SLM
Achromatic correction of diffractive dispersion in white light SLM

... excluded from the discussion and only the phase-only modulation implemented with linearly polarized light will be considered. In this case, the action of the SLM can be defined by the function t ∝ exp[iΦ(r⊥ , λ0 )], where r⊥ determines the position on an active surface of the SLM and λ0 is the chose ...
Replication of Holograms with Corn Syrup by Rubbing
Replication of Holograms with Corn Syrup by Rubbing

... respect to the non irradiated sample. Figure 2. Absorbance versus wavelength, for a dry corn syrup layer of 10 µm thickness. ...
genius PHYSICS by Pradeep Kshetrapal Newtons corpuscular
genius PHYSICS by Pradeep Kshetrapal Newtons corpuscular

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The Optical Resonator
The Optical Resonator

Laser cooling below the Doppler limit by polarization - ENS-phys
Laser cooling below the Doppler limit by polarization - ENS-phys

... We first introduce, for a 1-D molasses, two types of polarization gradient (see Section 2). In the first case, which occurs with two counterpropagating waves with opposite (a+ and a-) circular polarizations, the polarization vector rotates when one moves along the standing wave, but it keeps the sam ...
Determination of the transfer function for optical surface topography
Determination of the transfer function for optical surface topography

... system is also ‘linear in the square of the scattering potential’. Partially coherent systems are inherently more complicated, with image formation no longer describable using an OTF. Instead, the so-called transmission cross-coefficient (TCC) [36, 38] must be defined which describes the attenuation ...
Propagation of EM Waves in material media
Propagation of EM Waves in material media

... and thus  ' 2 and −2 are proportional to ...
Nonlinear optics in daily life
Nonlinear optics in daily life

... Web of Knowledge, show similar statistics (4%). Some might take this to mean that nonlinear optics has only 5% the impact on life as lasers. This paper will show, however, that a large number of laser applications owe their existence to nonlinear optics, if not always explicitly stated. The impact o ...
Light at work: The use of optical forces for particle manipulation
Light at work: The use of optical forces for particle manipulation

... should help researchers, especially those working outside of the field, to be inspired by these not yet widespread methods and consider their new applications. The article is organized as follows: in Section 2 we give a brief explanation of the origin of optical forces and how they can be calculated ...
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Ellipsometry

Ellipsometry is an optical technique for investigating the dielectric properties (complex refractive index or dielectric function) of thin films. Ellipsometry can be used to characterize composition, roughness, thickness (depth), crystalline nature, doping concentration, electrical conductivity and other material properties. It is very sensitive to the change in the optical response of incident radiation that interacts with the material being investigated.Typically, the measured signal is the change in polarization as the incident radiation (in a known state) interacts with the material structure of interest (reflected, absorbed, scattered, or transmitted). The polarization change is quantified by the amplitude ratio, Ψ, and the phase difference, Δ (defined below). Because the signal depends on the thickness as well as the materials properties, ellipsometry can be a universal tool for contact free determination of thickness and optical constants of films of all kinds.This technique has found applications in many different fields, from semiconductor physics to microelectronics and biology, from basic research to industrial applications. Ellipsometry is a very sensitive measurement technique and provides unequaled capabilities for thin film metrology. As an optical technique, spectroscopic ellipsometry is non-destructive and contactless. Because the incident radiation can be focused, small sample sizes can be imaged and desired characteristics can be mapped over a larger area (m^2).The one weakness of ellipsometry is the need to model the data. Entire courses are taught in the modeling of the raw data. Models can be physically based on energy transitions or simply free parameters used to fit the data.Upon the analysis of the change of polarization of light, ellipsometry can yield information about layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the probing light itself, even down to a single atomic layer. Ellipsometry can probe the complex refractive index or dielectric function tensor, which gives access to fundamental physical parameters like those listed above. It is commonly used to characterize film thickness for single layers or complex multilayer stacks ranging from a few angstroms or tenths of a nanometer to several micrometers with an excellent accuracy.The name ""ellipsometry"" stems from the fact that Elliptical polarization of light is used. The term ""spectroscopic"" relates to the fact that the information gained is a function of the light's wavelength or energy (spectra). The technique has been known at least since 1888 by the work of Paul Drude, (the term ""ellipsometry"" being first used probably in 1945 ) and has many applications today. A spectroscopic ellipsometer can be found in most thin film analytical labs. Ellipsometry is also becoming more interesting to researchers in other disciplines such as biology and medicine. These areas pose new challenges to the technique, such as measurements on unstable liquid surfaces and microscopic imaging.
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