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VARIATIONAL MONTE CARLO ESTIMATION OF THE
VARIATIONAL MONTE CARLO ESTIMATION OF THE

... of the CSFs and uses the variation method to find ai's. Although an SCF calculation is rather a routine task nowadays, each CI calculation presents its own special problems. Most of those problems have a common denominator: For a given number of electrons the number of CSFs-the number of terms in (2 ...
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Multi-Colour and Tunable-Colour Pyroelectric Detectors
Multi-Colour and Tunable-Colour Pyroelectric Detectors

Formation of binary alloy cluster ions from group
Formation of binary alloy cluster ions from group

... number of cobalt atoms in binary alloy cluster anions is less than that of germanium or tin atoms. For example, the lead plus cobalt binary cluster anions contain only one or two cobalt atoms. Although the three group-14 elements can all form anions with Co in the lower mass region, the minimum size ...
Generation and Application of Bessel Beams in Electron Microscopy
Generation and Application of Bessel Beams in Electron Microscopy

... Bessel beams are widely used in photonics, and have recently been discussed theoretically in the context of a number of electron microscopy applications. In the ideal case, Bessel beams are possess a propagation-invariant profile, and are therefore referred to as diffraction-free modes (see the disc ...
CHAPTER 20 METALLURGY AND THE CHEMISTRY OF METALS
CHAPTER 20 METALLURGY AND THE CHEMISTRY OF METALS

... The reaction in part (a) shows us that three moles of electrons are required to produce one mole of aluminum. The voltage is three times the minimum calculated above (namely, −3.09 V or −3.09 J/C). We can find the electrical energy by using the same equation with the other voltage. ⎛ 3 mol e− 96500 ...
Thermal and Statistical Physics
Thermal and Statistical Physics

... of ways that energy can get into or out of the system, so it never makes sense to say that the system “contains” a given amount of work: it contains energy, in this case in the form of kinetic energy of the atoms in the gas. In other words, dW ¯ is a short-hand notation which means “a change in the ...
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... This time the possible cross-products are K with SO4 and Ag with PO4. Let’s check whether either of these meets one of the three criteria: K-SO4 is not insoluble (by rule #1); it is not a weak acid (no H); and it is not a decomposer. So we know K and SO4 are out of the running. We can see by rule #4 ...
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... CHEMICAL CALCULATIONS I - atomic and formula weights. Atomic structure revisited. In Topic 2, atoms were described as ranging from the simplest atom, H, containing a single proton and usually no neutrons in its nucleus with one electron orbiting outside that nucleus, through to very large atoms such ...
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... accordance with the law of conservation of mass. The number of atoms of each element in the reactants must equal the number in the products. Stoichiometry is the quantitative study of products and reactants in chemical reactions. Stoichiometric calculations are best done by expressing both the known ...
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... under different experimental conditions. In particular, for a fundamental 120 fs pulse with a central wavelength of 795 nm and a 1 mm thick BBO crystal (typical parameters employed in our study) Fig. 1b compares the measured spectrum of the generated SH pulse with that computed from using Eq. (1). A ...
Axial intensity of apertured Bessel beams
Axial intensity of apertured Bessel beams

... would be equal to the squared profile of the window except for a scale factor 1/sin u, which will be called the geometrical expansion factor. Now let us take diffraction into account. The field distribution behind the aperture will be different from one plane z 5 constant to another instead of being ...
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... Yes, but indirectly. We can measure a change in temperature, we can then calculate the change in thermal energy (Q=mct). Then, using the law of conservation of energy we can infer the molar enthalpy. ...
Wideband microwave measurements of the extinction cross section
Wideband microwave measurements of the extinction cross section

... theoretical work. The optical theorem is used to calculate the extinction cross section from the measured forward RCS for arbitrary polarization of the incident radiation. The method described in this paper can be applied to samples of arbitrary shape and composition. This can be compared to the pre ...
Hadronic Chemistry and Binding Energies
Hadronic Chemistry and Binding Energies

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Development of a Total Internal Reflection Illumination System for
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... receptor  subunits  on  the  cell  membrane,  and  to  determine  the  extent  to  which  both   subunits  share  the  same  distribution.  This  method  will  be  discussed  first;  ultimately,   it  was  not  successful,  so  an  alte ...
advanced placement chemistry workbook and note set
advanced placement chemistry workbook and note set

... number of an atom cannot change or the identity of the atom has also changed. Atomic number is often represented with an italicized Z. ...
AVOGADRO EXAMS 1991 - 2002 PRACTICE BOOKLET
AVOGADRO EXAMS 1991 - 2002 PRACTICE BOOKLET

... obtained the following results. Which group had the most precise results? (a) Group A: 126 mA, 130 mA, 115 mA, 110 mA (b) Group B: 131 mA, 129 mA, 130 mA, 130 mA (c) Group C: 140 mA, 130 mA, 140 mA, 150 mA (d) Group D: 120 mA, 115 mA, 140 mA, 150 mA (e) Group E: 135 mA, 130 mA, 120 mA, 125 mA ...
Molecular Orbital Theory
Molecular Orbital Theory

... between the 2px or 2py orbitals, which meet edge-on. As a result, the 2p orbital lies at a lower energy than the x and y orbitals, and the 2p* orbital lies at higher energy than the x* and y* orbitals, as shown in the figure below. ...
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Rutherford backscattering spectrometry



Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) is an analytical technique used in materials science. Sometimes referred to as high-energy ion scattering (HEIS) spectrometry, RBS is used to determine the structure and composition of materials by measuring the backscattering of a beam of high energy ions (typically protons or alpha particles) impinging on a sample.
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