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chemistry
... 60 Explain, in terms of Le Chatelier’s principle, why the equilibrium shifts to the right to relieve the stress when the pressure on the system is increased at constant temperature. [1] ...
... 60 Explain, in terms of Le Chatelier’s principle, why the equilibrium shifts to the right to relieve the stress when the pressure on the system is increased at constant temperature. [1] ...
Summary - Clydebank High School
... This increased attraction means that more energy has to be supplied to remove an electron from the atom. 9. The first ionisation energy ............................... from top to bottom within a group due to the increasing number of occupied electron ................................... ............ ...
... This increased attraction means that more energy has to be supplied to remove an electron from the atom. 9. The first ionisation energy ............................... from top to bottom within a group due to the increasing number of occupied electron ................................... ............ ...
The s-Block Elements - GCG-42
... Reactions of hydrides They all react readily with water to give the metal hydroxide and hydrogen due to the strong basic property of the hydride ion, H:H:-(s)+ H2O(l) H2(g)+ OH-(aq) Hydride ions are also good reducing agent. They can be used to prepare complex hydrides such as LiAlH4 and NaBH4 wh ...
... Reactions of hydrides They all react readily with water to give the metal hydroxide and hydrogen due to the strong basic property of the hydride ion, H:H:-(s)+ H2O(l) H2(g)+ OH-(aq) Hydride ions are also good reducing agent. They can be used to prepare complex hydrides such as LiAlH4 and NaBH4 wh ...
Light scattering properties for spherical and cylindrical particles: a
... The scattering cross section and asymmetry factor g are important parameters to describe light propagation in turbid media. We present simple approximation for these parameters derived from Mie calculations within wide range of values of the size parameter x and relative refractive index m. Keywords ...
... The scattering cross section and asymmetry factor g are important parameters to describe light propagation in turbid media. We present simple approximation for these parameters derived from Mie calculations within wide range of values of the size parameter x and relative refractive index m. Keywords ...
P approximation for reflectance imaging with an oblique beam of arbitrary profile 1
... We first compared the calculated reflectance images obtained according to Eqs. 共13兲 and 共16兲 for an incident beam at varying 0. The beam profile I0共 , 兲 was first assumed to be circular with a top-hat profile of radius w = 12.5 mm, i.e., I0共 , 兲 = Imax for 艋 w and 0 otherwise. For this case w ...
... We first compared the calculated reflectance images obtained according to Eqs. 共13兲 and 共16兲 for an incident beam at varying 0. The beam profile I0共 , 兲 was first assumed to be circular with a top-hat profile of radius w = 12.5 mm, i.e., I0共 , 兲 = Imax for 艋 w and 0 otherwise. For this case w ...
Charge transport in a polypeptide chain
... firing state for charge hopping. Hence this model suggests that we have strong coupling in a small range of φ and ψ in the Ramachandran plot leading to charge hopping [4]. The rest of the time the amino acid can freely rotate within a certain domain of the Ramachandran plot. Hence this has now forme ...
... firing state for charge hopping. Hence this model suggests that we have strong coupling in a small range of φ and ψ in the Ramachandran plot leading to charge hopping [4]. The rest of the time the amino acid can freely rotate within a certain domain of the Ramachandran plot. Hence this has now forme ...
Collisional dynamics of ultracold OH molecules in an electrostatic field
... implementing quantum logic elements [5]. On the experimental side, cold polar molecules may be produced in several ways, including photoassociation of two distinct alkali species [6,7], buffer-gas cooling [8,9], or Stark slowing [10–12]. Regardless of the method or production, collisions of molecule ...
... implementing quantum logic elements [5]. On the experimental side, cold polar molecules may be produced in several ways, including photoassociation of two distinct alkali species [6,7], buffer-gas cooling [8,9], or Stark slowing [10–12]. Regardless of the method or production, collisions of molecule ...
Oxidation Reactions of Lanthanide Cations with N2O and O2
... The lanthanide cations all have positive affinities for O atoms and are summarized in Table 1. Values for OA(Ln+) in Table 1 are based on values for ∆Hfo(LnO) tabulated in ref 19 and values for ∆Hfo(Ln), ∆Hfo(O), IE(Ln), and IE(LnO) found in ref 20. They range from 88.1 ( 5.9 kcal mol-1 for Yb+ to 2 ...
... The lanthanide cations all have positive affinities for O atoms and are summarized in Table 1. Values for OA(Ln+) in Table 1 are based on values for ∆Hfo(LnO) tabulated in ref 19 and values for ∆Hfo(Ln), ∆Hfo(O), IE(Ln), and IE(LnO) found in ref 20. They range from 88.1 ( 5.9 kcal mol-1 for Yb+ to 2 ...
Worksheet to accompany demos on exchange reactions
... example, in our CO2 case, the overall charge of the species, a neutral CO2 molecule, is zero, and the sum of all the oxidation numbers is zero as well: -2 (O) + -2(O) + +4(C) = 0. Assigning the O’s oxidation numbers of –2 ―forced‖ us to take away four of the C atom’s electrons since there were no ―e ...
... example, in our CO2 case, the overall charge of the species, a neutral CO2 molecule, is zero, and the sum of all the oxidation numbers is zero as well: -2 (O) + -2(O) + +4(C) = 0. Assigning the O’s oxidation numbers of –2 ―forced‖ us to take away four of the C atom’s electrons since there were no ―e ...
study guide - Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering
... 20. Explain and approximate the decay dynamics if the parent's half-life is much greater or much less than that of the daughter radionuclide. 21. Explain the term \secular equilibrium" and its importance in primordial decay series. 22. Calculate the age of a sample from activity measurements. 23. Us ...
... 20. Explain and approximate the decay dynamics if the parent's half-life is much greater or much less than that of the daughter radionuclide. 21. Explain the term \secular equilibrium" and its importance in primordial decay series. 22. Calculate the age of a sample from activity measurements. 23. Us ...
Chemistry Revision Guide - Mr Cartlidge`s Science Blog
... used to separate mixtures of dyes or pigments and is used to test the purity of a mixture or to see what it contains. Firstly a very strong solution of the mixture is prepared which is used to build up a small intense spot on a piece of absorbent paper. This is then placed in a jar of solvent (with ...
... used to separate mixtures of dyes or pigments and is used to test the purity of a mixture or to see what it contains. Firstly a very strong solution of the mixture is prepared which is used to build up a small intense spot on a piece of absorbent paper. This is then placed in a jar of solvent (with ...
Answers to examination questions
... Q19 A Atoms of isotopes have the same number of protons have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. The mass number is the number of protons and neutrons. Q20 A The sample is first vaporized by lowering the surrounding pressure: a mass spectrometer can only accept gase ...
... Q19 A Atoms of isotopes have the same number of protons have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. The mass number is the number of protons and neutrons. Q20 A The sample is first vaporized by lowering the surrounding pressure: a mass spectrometer can only accept gase ...
CHEMISTRY REVISION GUIDE for CIE IGCSE Coordinated Science
... The particles in solids, liquids and gases are held near to each other by forces of attraction. The strength of these forces determines a substance’s melting and boiling points. In a solid, the forces of attraction are strongest, holding the particles tightly in position. As the solid is heated, and ...
... The particles in solids, liquids and gases are held near to each other by forces of attraction. The strength of these forces determines a substance’s melting and boiling points. In a solid, the forces of attraction are strongest, holding the particles tightly in position. As the solid is heated, and ...
Monte Carlo simulation of light scattering in the atmosphere and
... bulence being much less important. A significant source of atmospheric blur is especially aerosol scatter of light at near-forward angles [1, 8]. The multiple scattering of light is affected by the optical thickness of the atmosphere, the aerosol size distribution and the aerosol vertical profile. W ...
... bulence being much less important. A significant source of atmospheric blur is especially aerosol scatter of light at near-forward angles [1, 8]. The multiple scattering of light is affected by the optical thickness of the atmosphere, the aerosol size distribution and the aerosol vertical profile. W ...
3 Ion Trap Implementations
... Since a typical trap potential in a linear ion trap is shallowest in the z-direction (i.e. perdendicular to the end caps) it is sufficient here to consider only the zcoordinate. The ions remain in the ground state with respect to the oscillation in both x- and y-direction. The ions are laser cooled ...
... Since a typical trap potential in a linear ion trap is shallowest in the z-direction (i.e. perdendicular to the end caps) it is sufficient here to consider only the zcoordinate. The ions remain in the ground state with respect to the oscillation in both x- and y-direction. The ions are laser cooled ...
Looking through walls and around corners with
... were obtained with a Cannon EOS-400D SLR camera. Presented images are median-filtered and low-pass filtered with a rectangular 3x3 pixels kernel. In the optimization process, the SLM (Hamamatsu LCOS-SLM X10468) was divided to 4800 (80x60) equally sized square segments, and the phase of the different ...
... were obtained with a Cannon EOS-400D SLR camera. Presented images are median-filtered and low-pass filtered with a rectangular 3x3 pixels kernel. In the optimization process, the SLM (Hamamatsu LCOS-SLM X10468) was divided to 4800 (80x60) equally sized square segments, and the phase of the different ...
Document
... • There are two types of chemical formulas. • Empirical formulas give only the smallest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound. • Molecular formulas give the actual number of each type of atom within a compound. • Compounds with the same empirical formula but different molecular formulas can have ...
... • There are two types of chemical formulas. • Empirical formulas give only the smallest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound. • Molecular formulas give the actual number of each type of atom within a compound. • Compounds with the same empirical formula but different molecular formulas can have ...
Chapter 4: Experimental Techniques
... the sample and of a series of standards. The standards contain known concentrations of the metal being analysed and are used to construct a calibration curve (see below). The atomic absorption spectrometer (Fig. 4.6) contains either a flame atomizer, a graphite furnace or an electrically heated atom ...
... the sample and of a series of standards. The standards contain known concentrations of the metal being analysed and are used to construct a calibration curve (see below). The atomic absorption spectrometer (Fig. 4.6) contains either a flame atomizer, a graphite furnace or an electrically heated atom ...
Nonlinear laser lithography to control surface properties of stainless
... the operating temperature in order to induce different wettability behaviour. Some of the above methods are expensive, complicated and time consuming; others involve chemical treatments and weak coatings that are generally evanescent or fragile. Use of methods that only change the surface morphology ...
... the operating temperature in order to induce different wettability behaviour. Some of the above methods are expensive, complicated and time consuming; others involve chemical treatments and weak coatings that are generally evanescent or fragile. Use of methods that only change the surface morphology ...
Setting the stage
... measured spectra of PAHs ranging in size from C10H8 to C130H28. Spectra of PAHs in neutral and singly charged (+/–) states. Spectra of a few multiply charged ...
... measured spectra of PAHs ranging in size from C10H8 to C130H28. Spectra of PAHs in neutral and singly charged (+/–) states. Spectra of a few multiply charged ...
2007 - SAASTA
... the number of protons increases (hence the change in atomic number) and an electron is liberated. This type of radioactive decay is called β--decay ...
... the number of protons increases (hence the change in atomic number) and an electron is liberated. This type of radioactive decay is called β--decay ...
Rutherford backscattering spectrometry
Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) is an analytical technique used in materials science. Sometimes referred to as high-energy ion scattering (HEIS) spectrometry, RBS is used to determine the structure and composition of materials by measuring the backscattering of a beam of high energy ions (typically protons or alpha particles) impinging on a sample.