Dendritic Spine Density Varies Between Unisensory
... enlargement at the tip (Stuart et al 2008). Filopodia are long, thin and highly motile forms that, given their lack synaptic contacts, represent an immature stage in spine development (Arellano et al., 2007). There are many morphological variations among these basic spine shapes, leading some invest ...
... enlargement at the tip (Stuart et al 2008). Filopodia are long, thin and highly motile forms that, given their lack synaptic contacts, represent an immature stage in spine development (Arellano et al., 2007). There are many morphological variations among these basic spine shapes, leading some invest ...
Jesús Pujol Martí Neural map organization and development in the lateral-line system
... functionally complex, mediating contrasting behaviours that are also present in the adult fish. A decade ago, Ghysen‟s research group showed that the lateralis (lateral-line) sensory neurons display a topographic neural map. The same group shed some light on when and how this map is established. Sin ...
... functionally complex, mediating contrasting behaviours that are also present in the adult fish. A decade ago, Ghysen‟s research group showed that the lateralis (lateral-line) sensory neurons display a topographic neural map. The same group shed some light on when and how this map is established. Sin ...
Flow of information for emotions through temporal and orbitofrontal pathways REVIEW
... processing sensory areas, anterior temporal sensory and polymodal association cortices send primarily feedforward projections to posterior orbitofrontal cortex and to the amygdala originating in the supragranular layers, in pathways that may provide signals about the external environment. The amygda ...
... processing sensory areas, anterior temporal sensory and polymodal association cortices send primarily feedforward projections to posterior orbitofrontal cortex and to the amygdala originating in the supragranular layers, in pathways that may provide signals about the external environment. The amygda ...
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... areas in non-human primates [8–16], where primary subfields are organised in anterior-posterior frequency gradients from high-to-low (caudal primary auditory subfield A1), low-to-high (rostral primary auditory subfield R), and high-to-low (rostrotemporal primary auditory subfield RT) frequencies, wi ...
... areas in non-human primates [8–16], where primary subfields are organised in anterior-posterior frequency gradients from high-to-low (caudal primary auditory subfield A1), low-to-high (rostral primary auditory subfield R), and high-to-low (rostrotemporal primary auditory subfield RT) frequencies, wi ...
The auditory cortex
... (Jen et al. 1989; Dear et al. 1993; compare Shen et al. 1997, this volume). The use of the number and functional speci®city of auditory cortical ®elds as a measure of the auditory competence and specialization of a species is extremely impeded by the fact that complete maps of auditory cortices seem ...
... (Jen et al. 1989; Dear et al. 1993; compare Shen et al. 1997, this volume). The use of the number and functional speci®city of auditory cortical ®elds as a measure of the auditory competence and specialization of a species is extremely impeded by the fact that complete maps of auditory cortices seem ...
Clarke`s column neurons as the focus of a corticospinal corollary circuit
... the sensory relay properties of Clarke’s column have long been appreciated9, the possibility that this set of spinocerebellar neurons has additional integrative functions in spinal sensory processing has not been explored in detail. Proprioceptive sensory information of peripheral origin provides on ...
... the sensory relay properties of Clarke’s column have long been appreciated9, the possibility that this set of spinocerebellar neurons has additional integrative functions in spinal sensory processing has not been explored in detail. Proprioceptive sensory information of peripheral origin provides on ...
Vestibular System: The Many Facets of a
... well suited for linking systems and cellular levels of analyses. A unique feature of the vestibular system is that many second-order sensory neurons in the brain stem are also premotor neurons; the same neurons that receive afferent inputs send direct projections to motoneurons. An advantage of this ...
... well suited for linking systems and cellular levels of analyses. A unique feature of the vestibular system is that many second-order sensory neurons in the brain stem are also premotor neurons; the same neurons that receive afferent inputs send direct projections to motoneurons. An advantage of this ...
CRANIAL NERVES: Functional Anatomy
... Parts II–V deal with the functional anatomy of the nerves. Rather than work through them from first to twelfth, the book considers them according to function. You will encounter them much as would an ingested morsel of food. This is unorthodox: it does, though, lend spice and relevance. There are se ...
... Parts II–V deal with the functional anatomy of the nerves. Rather than work through them from first to twelfth, the book considers them according to function. You will encounter them much as would an ingested morsel of food. This is unorthodox: it does, though, lend spice and relevance. There are se ...
The neural mechanisms of perceptual filling-in
... is actively constructed by neural processes in the brain. Parametric studies of filling-in have also shown that the strength of filling-in gradually changes depending on the stimulus parameters14,30. It is hard to explain this parametric nature of filling-in if the visual system simply ignores the s ...
... is actively constructed by neural processes in the brain. Parametric studies of filling-in have also shown that the strength of filling-in gradually changes depending on the stimulus parameters14,30. It is hard to explain this parametric nature of filling-in if the visual system simply ignores the s ...
Connections underlying the synthesis of cognition,
... from the amygdala, associated with emotional memory, and from medial temporal and thalamic structures associated with long-term memory. Prefrontal cortices are linked with motor control structures related to their specific roles in central executive functions. Caudal lateral prefrontal areas project ...
... from the amygdala, associated with emotional memory, and from medial temporal and thalamic structures associated with long-term memory. Prefrontal cortices are linked with motor control structures related to their specific roles in central executive functions. Caudal lateral prefrontal areas project ...
Expression of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating
... pregnancy and are regulated, in part, by estrogen. These neuropep- tides act as transmitters both in the spinal cord and cervix. The present study was under- taken to determine the expression pattern of the neuropeptide pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP) in the cervix and its ner ...
... pregnancy and are regulated, in part, by estrogen. These neuropep- tides act as transmitters both in the spinal cord and cervix. The present study was under- taken to determine the expression pattern of the neuropeptide pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP) in the cervix and its ner ...
4. Conclusions and Perspectives - RuCCS
... generated internally. Therefore, any visual deficit of central or peripheral origin should induce a corresponding deficit in generating or manipulating mental images. Whereas, according to Pylyshyn (1980; 1984; 1991; 1996), visual perception and mental image generation should be seen as relying on d ...
... generated internally. Therefore, any visual deficit of central or peripheral origin should induce a corresponding deficit in generating or manipulating mental images. Whereas, according to Pylyshyn (1980; 1984; 1991; 1996), visual perception and mental image generation should be seen as relying on d ...
Electrical Stimulation of the Horizontal Limb of the Diagonal Band
... aPC. All stimulation currents were delivered by a constant current stimulus isolation unit (Grass Instruments) controlled by a Grass Instrument stimulator. Stimulation currents for the LOT and pPC electrodes were adjusted to approximately two times threshold ([SIM]0.3 ms pulses at 100 –300 mA). Afte ...
... aPC. All stimulation currents were delivered by a constant current stimulus isolation unit (Grass Instruments) controlled by a Grass Instrument stimulator. Stimulation currents for the LOT and pPC electrodes were adjusted to approximately two times threshold ([SIM]0.3 ms pulses at 100 –300 mA). Afte ...
The Reorganization of Primary Auditory Cortex by Invasion of
... remaining eye sprout to LGN and the commissural connection is strengthened (Toldi et al. 1996). Corticothalamic inputs are also elevated after visual deafferentation (Somogyi et al. 1987). In addition, sprouting can occur within cortical areas. Binocular retinal lesions induce axon sprouting of long ...
... remaining eye sprout to LGN and the commissural connection is strengthened (Toldi et al. 1996). Corticothalamic inputs are also elevated after visual deafferentation (Somogyi et al. 1987). In addition, sprouting can occur within cortical areas. Binocular retinal lesions induce axon sprouting of long ...
Brainstem
... -- from inferior colliculus : eye and head are turned toward the source of a sound - outputs : -- to spinal cord -- to cerebellum -- to reticular formation -- to thalamus --- tectothalamic tract to the lateral posterior nucleus, lateral geniculate nucleus and pulvinar of the thalamus, relay stations ...
... -- from inferior colliculus : eye and head are turned toward the source of a sound - outputs : -- to spinal cord -- to cerebellum -- to reticular formation -- to thalamus --- tectothalamic tract to the lateral posterior nucleus, lateral geniculate nucleus and pulvinar of the thalamus, relay stations ...
The Auditory System
... latency (MLR) and cortical (ACR) AERs (Fig. 7.4). In humans, the ABR or BAEP is characterized by six or sometimes seven deflections (I–VII) in the first 9 ms after the stimulus. Waves I, III and V are of greatest interest since they reflect volumeconducted activity from the levels of the acoustic ne ...
... latency (MLR) and cortical (ACR) AERs (Fig. 7.4). In humans, the ABR or BAEP is characterized by six or sometimes seven deflections (I–VII) in the first 9 ms after the stimulus. Waves I, III and V are of greatest interest since they reflect volumeconducted activity from the levels of the acoustic ne ...
PAIN MANAGEMENT
... 4. When the nurse receives a patient with a continuous epidural infusion, the RN must follow every order on the order sheet. 4.1. If there is any query about the orders, if any of the orders are not filled in and/or if there is no date and time and/or signature, contact the anesthetist who wrote th ...
... 4. When the nurse receives a patient with a continuous epidural infusion, the RN must follow every order on the order sheet. 4.1. If there is any query about the orders, if any of the orders are not filled in and/or if there is no date and time and/or signature, contact the anesthetist who wrote th ...
Auditory cortical processing: Binaural interaction in healthy
... Two functioning ears provide clear advantages over monaural listening. We are able to locate sound sources in a variety of auditory spaces accurately (≈1 deg) and rapidly, and redirect our attention towards the sound sources. In addition, our speech understanding in noisy and reverberant environment ...
... Two functioning ears provide clear advantages over monaural listening. We are able to locate sound sources in a variety of auditory spaces accurately (≈1 deg) and rapidly, and redirect our attention towards the sound sources. In addition, our speech understanding in noisy and reverberant environment ...
The Neuroscientist
... 1976) have been trained to respond to the pitch of missing fundamental sounds, demonstrating that this phenomenon is not unique to human listeners. The temporal and spectral explanations of the acoustics of pitch have led to two theories of how the auditory system might encode pitch cues as neural s ...
... 1976) have been trained to respond to the pitch of missing fundamental sounds, demonstrating that this phenomenon is not unique to human listeners. The temporal and spectral explanations of the acoustics of pitch have led to two theories of how the auditory system might encode pitch cues as neural s ...
Joseph and Heberlein 1 Tissue-specific Activation of a
... the species. In Drosophila melanogaster, the selection of appropriate oviposition sites that will benefit survival of the progeny is one such behavior (Richmond and Gerking 1979; Jaenike 1982; Chess and Ringo 1985; van Delden and Kamping 1990; RuizDubreuil et al. 1994; Amlou et al. 1998; Mery and Ka ...
... the species. In Drosophila melanogaster, the selection of appropriate oviposition sites that will benefit survival of the progeny is one such behavior (Richmond and Gerking 1979; Jaenike 1982; Chess and Ringo 1985; van Delden and Kamping 1990; RuizDubreuil et al. 1994; Amlou et al. 1998; Mery and Ka ...
The medial geniculate, not the amygdala, as the root of auditory fear
... 3.3. Experimental support for the AMYG model The AMYG model has been presented in numerous reviews (e.g., Fanselow and LeDoux, 1999; LeDoux, 1990, 1992, 1993a, 1994, 1995, 2000; LeDoux and Muller, 1997; Maren, 2001; Maren and Quirk, 2004; Phelps and LeDoux, 2005; Rodrigues et al., 2009). The major fi ...
... 3.3. Experimental support for the AMYG model The AMYG model has been presented in numerous reviews (e.g., Fanselow and LeDoux, 1999; LeDoux, 1990, 1992, 1993a, 1994, 1995, 2000; LeDoux and Muller, 1997; Maren, 2001; Maren and Quirk, 2004; Phelps and LeDoux, 2005; Rodrigues et al., 2009). The major fi ...
The neural encoding of self-generated and externally applied
... The vestibular system is vital for maintaining an accurate representation of self-‐ motion. As one moves (or is moved) toward a new place in the environment, signals from the vestibular sensors ...
... The vestibular system is vital for maintaining an accurate representation of self-‐ motion. As one moves (or is moved) toward a new place in the environment, signals from the vestibular sensors ...
A Brain-to-Brain Interface for Real
... movements of a variety of mechanical, electronic and even virtual external devices3–6. Recently, intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) has been added to the classical BMI paradigm to allow artificial sensory feedback signals7,8, generated by these brain-controlled actuators, to be delivered back to ...
... movements of a variety of mechanical, electronic and even virtual external devices3–6. Recently, intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) has been added to the classical BMI paradigm to allow artificial sensory feedback signals7,8, generated by these brain-controlled actuators, to be delivered back to ...
Saccadic Suppression of Retinotopically Localized Blood Oxygen
... Saccadic eye movements are responsible for bringing relevant parts of the visual field onto the fovea for detailed analysis. Because the retina is physiologically unable to deliver sharp images at very high transsaccadic speeds, the visual system minimizes the repercussion of the blurry images we wo ...
... Saccadic eye movements are responsible for bringing relevant parts of the visual field onto the fovea for detailed analysis. Because the retina is physiologically unable to deliver sharp images at very high transsaccadic speeds, the visual system minimizes the repercussion of the blurry images we wo ...
The effect of selective attention on auditory frequency
... mental systems activate and cause psychological reactions. The Kantian concepts from the 18th century Enlightenment are still useful in the modern neuroscience, especially in the research of auditory attention. When we perceive a sound, the pressure oscillations of the air set the inner structures o ...
... mental systems activate and cause psychological reactions. The Kantian concepts from the 18th century Enlightenment are still useful in the modern neuroscience, especially in the research of auditory attention. When we perceive a sound, the pressure oscillations of the air set the inner structures o ...