Direct observation of light focusing by single photoreceptor cell nuclei
... function, which requires light to pass through the entire tissue prior to detection. The last significant barrier for photons to overcome is the outer nuclear layer formed by photoreceptor cell (PRC) nuclei. Here we experimentally characterise the optical properties of PRC nuclei using bright-field ...
... function, which requires light to pass through the entire tissue prior to detection. The last significant barrier for photons to overcome is the outer nuclear layer formed by photoreceptor cell (PRC) nuclei. Here we experimentally characterise the optical properties of PRC nuclei using bright-field ...
The effect of detector size on the signal-to
... In order to consider the signal-to-noise ratio it is a simple matter to substitute Eqs. (2), (4) and (5) into Eq. (1). The results are shown in Fig. 3. We note that the a ¼ 0 limit agrees well with the a ¼ 10 –4 curves for the values of vp considered. A consideration of the curves in Fig. 3(a) sugge ...
... In order to consider the signal-to-noise ratio it is a simple matter to substitute Eqs. (2), (4) and (5) into Eq. (1). The results are shown in Fig. 3. We note that the a ¼ 0 limit agrees well with the a ¼ 10 –4 curves for the values of vp considered. A consideration of the curves in Fig. 3(a) sugge ...
Graphene plasmon propagation on corrugated
... by the Kubo formula (see graphene modeling details in [17]), assuming a moderate graphene Fermi level of 0.4 eV, and charge mobility of 10; 000 cm2 ∕V · s (Ref. [18]). The substrate is assumed to be highly transparent intrinsic silicon, whose refractive index is given by the Herzberger-type formul ...
... by the Kubo formula (see graphene modeling details in [17]), assuming a moderate graphene Fermi level of 0.4 eV, and charge mobility of 10; 000 cm2 ∕V · s (Ref. [18]). The substrate is assumed to be highly transparent intrinsic silicon, whose refractive index is given by the Herzberger-type formul ...
Comparison of simplified theories in the analysis of the diffraction
... are best explained in terms of diffractive optics rather than ray optics4. Different rigorous electromagnetic vector theories are frequently applied to yield exact diffraction performances. The accuracy of these theories is insensitive to the feature size of the Diffractive Optical Elements (DOE). H ...
... are best explained in terms of diffractive optics rather than ray optics4. Different rigorous electromagnetic vector theories are frequently applied to yield exact diffraction performances. The accuracy of these theories is insensitive to the feature size of the Diffractive Optical Elements (DOE). H ...
Resolution-and throughput-enhanced spectroscopy using high
... or throughput for all optical spectrometers. The primary factors affecting the spectral resolution and throughput of an optical spectrometer are the size of the entrance aperture and the optical power of the focusing element. Thus far collective optimization of the above mentioned has proven difficu ...
... or throughput for all optical spectrometers. The primary factors affecting the spectral resolution and throughput of an optical spectrometer are the size of the entrance aperture and the optical power of the focusing element. Thus far collective optimization of the above mentioned has proven difficu ...
Kelley model of photographic process
... Diffraction–limited resolution (safe) Two point objects are “just resolvable just resolvable” (limited by diffraction only) if they are separated by: Two–dimensional systems (rotationally symmetric PSF) ...
... Diffraction–limited resolution (safe) Two point objects are “just resolvable just resolvable” (limited by diffraction only) if they are separated by: Two–dimensional systems (rotationally symmetric PSF) ...
Experiment 24 - School of Physics
... Figure 24-1 shows the layout of the Michelson interferometer used in this experiment. The mirrors, beamsplitter and compensator plate are mounted on a marble slab for stability. The apparatus is housed in a clear plastic box to exclude drafts and to keep the optics clean. Light from the source is sp ...
... Figure 24-1 shows the layout of the Michelson interferometer used in this experiment. The mirrors, beamsplitter and compensator plate are mounted on a marble slab for stability. The apparatus is housed in a clear plastic box to exclude drafts and to keep the optics clean. Light from the source is sp ...
Wave Optics Theory and 3-D Deconvolution for the Light Field
... A conventional microscope can be converted into a light field microscope by placing a microlens array at the native image plane as shown in Fig. 2(a). Light field imaging can be performed using any microscope objective so long as the f-number of the microlens array is matched to the numerical apertu ...
... A conventional microscope can be converted into a light field microscope by placing a microlens array at the native image plane as shown in Fig. 2(a). Light field imaging can be performed using any microscope objective so long as the f-number of the microlens array is matched to the numerical apertu ...
MieScatt09
... scattering is quite strong yields an indication of the scattering particle size. Reflection from clouds: We know from experience that clouds are in general very bright reflectors of sunlight. However, the figure above indicates that most of the sunlight striking a cloud droplet is forward scattered. ...
... scattering is quite strong yields an indication of the scattering particle size. Reflection from clouds: We know from experience that clouds are in general very bright reflectors of sunlight. However, the figure above indicates that most of the sunlight striking a cloud droplet is forward scattered. ...
HS-SCI-CP -- Chapter 15- Interference and
... wavelength as the component waves, but according to the superposition principle, its displacement at any instant equals the sum of the displacements of the component waves. The resultant wave is the consequence of the interference between the two waves. Figure 2 can be used to describe pairs of mech ...
... wavelength as the component waves, but according to the superposition principle, its displacement at any instant equals the sum of the displacements of the component waves. The resultant wave is the consequence of the interference between the two waves. Figure 2 can be used to describe pairs of mech ...
Femtosecond Laser Pulses: Linear Properties
... The spectral phase coefficient of zeroth order describes in the time domain the absolute phase (Φ0 = -φ(ω0)). The first order term leads to a temporal translation of the envelope of the laser pulse in the time domain (Fourier shift – theorem) but not to a translation of the carrier. A positive φ '(ω ...
... The spectral phase coefficient of zeroth order describes in the time domain the absolute phase (Φ0 = -φ(ω0)). The first order term leads to a temporal translation of the envelope of the laser pulse in the time domain (Fourier shift – theorem) but not to a translation of the carrier. A positive φ '(ω ...
Radiative transfer in ocean turbulence and its effect on underwater
... factor contributing to the distortion of light beams. Both Lu et al. [2006] and Korotkova and Farwell [2011] used the spectral model of refractive index for the seawater, which was developed by Nikishov and Nikishov [2000] with the approximation of single scattering for coherent light. [4] In oceans ...
... factor contributing to the distortion of light beams. Both Lu et al. [2006] and Korotkova and Farwell [2011] used the spectral model of refractive index for the seawater, which was developed by Nikishov and Nikishov [2000] with the approximation of single scattering for coherent light. [4] In oceans ...
Chapter 4 - Refractometry - Index of Refraction
... than an optic axis, is divided into two polarized waves, one having an index of refraction somewhere between nγ and nβ, and the other having an index of refraction somewhere between nβ and nα. The greatest refractive index, or the high point on the upper curve, is never greater than nγ, which must b ...
... than an optic axis, is divided into two polarized waves, one having an index of refraction somewhere between nγ and nβ, and the other having an index of refraction somewhere between nβ and nα. The greatest refractive index, or the high point on the upper curve, is never greater than nγ, which must b ...
Demonstration of high waveguide bending efficiency (>90%) in a m wavelengths µ
... Fig. 2a shows the computed dispersion calculated [2] on such slab structure using three-dimensional plane-wave expansion method. Here, ω and k are the frequency (a/λ) and the wavevector associated with an electromagnetic wave, respectively. The shaded area represents the light-cone region—where lea ...
... Fig. 2a shows the computed dispersion calculated [2] on such slab structure using three-dimensional plane-wave expansion method. Here, ω and k are the frequency (a/λ) and the wavevector associated with an electromagnetic wave, respectively. The shaded area represents the light-cone region—where lea ...
