Contraction of Aluminum Alloys during and after Solidification
... The question is when hot tearing really occurs, and what are the driving forces for hot tearing. To answer the first question, the terms “the effective solidification range”[2,4] and “the vulnerable part of the solidification interval”[5] were introduced in the 1940s–1950s. The upper boundary of thi ...
... The question is when hot tearing really occurs, and what are the driving forces for hot tearing. To answer the first question, the terms “the effective solidification range”[2,4] and “the vulnerable part of the solidification interval”[5] were introduced in the 1940s–1950s. The upper boundary of thi ...
Optical Materials for LWIR Applications
... coefficient of refractive index (dn/dT). Refractive indices for LWIR materials are larger than standard visible glasses, with Germanium having the largest index of 4.0. Figure 2 shows indices of refraction versus wavelength for common infrared materials. Some LWIR materials such as Germanium have lo ...
... coefficient of refractive index (dn/dT). Refractive indices for LWIR materials are larger than standard visible glasses, with Germanium having the largest index of 4.0. Figure 2 shows indices of refraction versus wavelength for common infrared materials. Some LWIR materials such as Germanium have lo ...
Title of Presentation
... or elements by an amount that compensates for thermal defocus By using two different materials with very different TCE arranged as either differential expansion cylinders or rods, it is possible to move the compensating element directly Rods or cylinders must be of sufficient length ...
... or elements by an amount that compensates for thermal defocus By using two different materials with very different TCE arranged as either differential expansion cylinders or rods, it is possible to move the compensating element directly Rods or cylinders must be of sufficient length ...
Absolute Specular Reflectance Measurements at Fixed
... The VN design offers several advantages over other absolute specular reflectance devices as well. Unlike the expensive variable angle accessories, the PELA 6000 series offers measurement capability at key beam angles, which are available alone or in combination with other angles. The VN accessories ...
... The VN design offers several advantages over other absolute specular reflectance devices as well. Unlike the expensive variable angle accessories, the PELA 6000 series offers measurement capability at key beam angles, which are available alone or in combination with other angles. The VN accessories ...
Direct measurement of standing evanescent waves with a photon
... resolution of 12 nm has been reported recently." Such a high resolution can be achieved by scanning electron microscopes, electron scanning tunneling microscopes, and scanning force microscopes. However, the use of visible light adds an important new aspect to scanning probe microscopy: Wavelengthsp ...
... resolution of 12 nm has been reported recently." Such a high resolution can be achieved by scanning electron microscopes, electron scanning tunneling microscopes, and scanning force microscopes. However, the use of visible light adds an important new aspect to scanning probe microscopy: Wavelengthsp ...
In situ self-release of thick GaN wafer from
... Figure S2 shows the band structures of the surface models for various polar and non-polar planes. One can see that the surface states of m(2)-plane [Fig. S2d] largely occupy the energy range where the Fermi level resides. This means that this type of surface would be more metallic, active and unstab ...
... Figure S2 shows the band structures of the surface models for various polar and non-polar planes. One can see that the surface states of m(2)-plane [Fig. S2d] largely occupy the energy range where the Fermi level resides. This means that this type of surface would be more metallic, active and unstab ...
K. S. Al Mugren, Y. El Sayed, H. Shoukry, A. El Taher
... appeared at 420 nm and another broad band starts in IR 1665 to 2940 nm have been obtained in the glass with composition 60P2O5 – 30ZnO- 10CuO.Approximately the same the broad band appeared glasses composition55P2O5 – 30ZnO- 15CuO and 50P2O5 – 30ZnO- 20CuO, this is shown in Fig. 3b.But the intensit ...
... appeared at 420 nm and another broad band starts in IR 1665 to 2940 nm have been obtained in the glass with composition 60P2O5 – 30ZnO- 10CuO.Approximately the same the broad band appeared glasses composition55P2O5 – 30ZnO- 15CuO and 50P2O5 – 30ZnO- 20CuO, this is shown in Fig. 3b.But the intensit ...
Inverse scattering for frequency-scanned full-field
... When the reference arm is adjusted such that the reference field is synchronized with the scattered field returned from a plane other than (and far removed from) the focal plane, the interference image obtained at the CCD appears to be an image of the scatterers in that plane but out of focus. For a ...
... When the reference arm is adjusted such that the reference field is synchronized with the scattered field returned from a plane other than (and far removed from) the focal plane, the interference image obtained at the CCD appears to be an image of the scatterers in that plane but out of focus. For a ...
Novel technique for thermal lens measurement in commonly used
... For the alignment control loop, two quadrant photo diodes detected the beam reflected by the cavity at different Gouy phases. The alignment control compensates long-term drifts of the beam position due to environmental temperature fluctuations. The thermal lens measurement was performed using the mo ...
... For the alignment control loop, two quadrant photo diodes detected the beam reflected by the cavity at different Gouy phases. The alignment control compensates long-term drifts of the beam position due to environmental temperature fluctuations. The thermal lens measurement was performed using the mo ...
Introduction to Piezoelectric Accelerometers
... proportional to the applied force, and the applied force is proportional to acceleration. Electrodes collect and wires transmit the charge to a signal conditioner that may be remote or built into the accelerometer. Sensors containing built-in signal conditioners are classified as Integrated Electron ...
... proportional to the applied force, and the applied force is proportional to acceleration. Electrodes collect and wires transmit the charge to a signal conditioner that may be remote or built into the accelerometer. Sensors containing built-in signal conditioners are classified as Integrated Electron ...
preprint version PDF - Emory Physics Department
... Again, this motion is easy to study with a conventional video camera and a microscope. Of course, particles that are 10 times smaller move 1000 times faster, by Equation 3; nonetheless many systems of interest have micron-sized components. This chapter will discuss several types of optical microscop ...
... Again, this motion is easy to study with a conventional video camera and a microscope. Of course, particles that are 10 times smaller move 1000 times faster, by Equation 3; nonetheless many systems of interest have micron-sized components. This chapter will discuss several types of optical microscop ...
Monolithic integration of optical waveguide and
... is limited by one’s ability to make the mask so that feature sizes down to a few microns should be readily achievable with mask-based lithography techniques. Thus single-mode waveguides are achievable with this material. Smaller feature sizes are possible using directwrite lithography techniques. Ch ...
... is limited by one’s ability to make the mask so that feature sizes down to a few microns should be readily achievable with mask-based lithography techniques. Thus single-mode waveguides are achievable with this material. Smaller feature sizes are possible using directwrite lithography techniques. Ch ...
Athermal laser design
... the grating length Lg as shown in Eq. (5) where δ is simply the difference in effective indices of the two periodic grating sections neff1 and neff2. The Leff→Lg case is not shown in Fig. 5, which has fixed grating lengths of 250µm for all curves. This logical progression implies that ideally the pl ...
... the grating length Lg as shown in Eq. (5) where δ is simply the difference in effective indices of the two periodic grating sections neff1 and neff2. The Leff→Lg case is not shown in Fig. 5, which has fixed grating lengths of 250µm for all curves. This logical progression implies that ideally the pl ...
How Surface Topography Relates to Materials` Properties
... electric field can lead to electrohydrodynamic instabilities and consequent patterning of a viscous polymer film (5). One example is shown in Fig. 1, where a thin polystyrene film [capped with an ultrathin (flexible) Al layer as an electrode] has dewetted an Al-coated substrate after application of ...
... electric field can lead to electrohydrodynamic instabilities and consequent patterning of a viscous polymer film (5). One example is shown in Fig. 1, where a thin polystyrene film [capped with an ultrathin (flexible) Al layer as an electrode] has dewetted an Al-coated substrate after application of ...
Evidence for power-law frequency dependence of intrinsic dielectric
... The values of C⬁ found from the fit for sample 1 using model C is lower than the capacitance of the same IDE capacitor on a bare substrate, which was attributed to a high leakage in the film. The fit for sample 2 resulted in ⬁⬘ = 64± 20. The values of ⬁⬘ for samples 2 and 3 are close to ⬃80 found ...
... The values of C⬁ found from the fit for sample 1 using model C is lower than the capacitance of the same IDE capacitor on a bare substrate, which was attributed to a high leakage in the film. The fit for sample 2 resulted in ⬁⬘ = 64± 20. The values of ⬁⬘ for samples 2 and 3 are close to ⬃80 found ...
Quantifying Temperature Changes in Tissue
... A phantom with optical properties similar to biological tissue was created in order to observe the envelope statistics of the OCT signal with respect to temperature and to measure Brownian motion within the sample. The colloidal suspension phantom was fabricated with polystyrene microspheres (Polysc ...
... A phantom with optical properties similar to biological tissue was created in order to observe the envelope statistics of the OCT signal with respect to temperature and to measure Brownian motion within the sample. The colloidal suspension phantom was fabricated with polystyrene microspheres (Polysc ...
Physical Properties of the NbC Carbide
... hard electrical contacts, cylinder linings and diffusion-resistant thin-film coatings of microcircuit devices [1]. This combination of physical properties indicates a complex chemical bonding between the metallic element and carbon, and yet, the crystalline structure of the carbides is simple, typic ...
... hard electrical contacts, cylinder linings and diffusion-resistant thin-film coatings of microcircuit devices [1]. This combination of physical properties indicates a complex chemical bonding between the metallic element and carbon, and yet, the crystalline structure of the carbides is simple, typic ...
Surface Watch - YMS Magazine
... microscope (AFM) measurements at discrete points. Process window characterization for grain size of interconnect films and unprecedented bare substrate microroughness characterization are now possible, as well as excursion monitoring and process control based on surface topography. Previously, surfa ...
... microscope (AFM) measurements at discrete points. Process window characterization for grain size of interconnect films and unprecedented bare substrate microroughness characterization are now possible, as well as excursion monitoring and process control based on surface topography. Previously, surfa ...
a review- study of thermal spray coatings for corrosive wear
... (chemical energy for combustion or electrical energy for plasma- and arc-based processes), into a stream of hot gases. The coating material is heated, eventually melted, and accelerated by this high temperature, high-velocity gas stream towards a substrate. It impacts on the substrate in the form of ...
... (chemical energy for combustion or electrical energy for plasma- and arc-based processes), into a stream of hot gases. The coating material is heated, eventually melted, and accelerated by this high temperature, high-velocity gas stream towards a substrate. It impacts on the substrate in the form of ...
Material
... Measurements were carried out on a set of 21 unintentionally doped free standing polycrystalline diamonds films synthesized at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) by microwave plasma-assisted CVD. Growth was realized on a tungsten substrate heated at 1023 K with a microwave power of 4.5 kW and a gas ...
... Measurements were carried out on a set of 21 unintentionally doped free standing polycrystalline diamonds films synthesized at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) by microwave plasma-assisted CVD. Growth was realized on a tungsten substrate heated at 1023 K with a microwave power of 4.5 kW and a gas ...
Advanced Microscopy
... arm, which allows a higher resolution in the depth of the sample. Objects which are not in the image plane are virtually cut out by ...
... arm, which allows a higher resolution in the depth of the sample. Objects which are not in the image plane are virtually cut out by ...
A light scattering study of non equilibrium fluctuations
... = 13 mm). The two Peltier elements are driven by two temperature controllers (TCs) making use of a proportionalintegral-derivative (PID) feedback system (Wavelength Electronics, TCS651) maintaining the temperature of the internal side of each Peltier element with a stability better than 1 mK RMS ove ...
... = 13 mm). The two Peltier elements are driven by two temperature controllers (TCs) making use of a proportionalintegral-derivative (PID) feedback system (Wavelength Electronics, TCS651) maintaining the temperature of the internal side of each Peltier element with a stability better than 1 mK RMS ove ...
Super-resolution Microscopy
... that fine structures cannot be discerned. For example, consider microtubules which serve as structural scaffolds within cells and are about 25 nm in diameter. A 250 nm diameter (diffraction-limited) image of a microtubule revealed by conventional microscopy may actually represent a bundle of several ...
... that fine structures cannot be discerned. For example, consider microtubules which serve as structural scaffolds within cells and are about 25 nm in diameter. A 250 nm diameter (diffraction-limited) image of a microtubule revealed by conventional microscopy may actually represent a bundle of several ...
Single-frequency continuous-wave optical parametric oscillator
... frequency-doubled idler (550–770 nm, up to 70 mW), the signal (656–1035 nm, up to 60 mW), and the idler (1096– 2830 nm, up to 800 mW). In addition, up to 1.25 mW of blue light is generated by non-phase-matched frequency doubling of the signal in the OPO crystal. Pump powers were between 0.8 and 3.3 ...
... frequency-doubled idler (550–770 nm, up to 70 mW), the signal (656–1035 nm, up to 60 mW), and the idler (1096– 2830 nm, up to 800 mW). In addition, up to 1.25 mW of blue light is generated by non-phase-matched frequency doubling of the signal in the OPO crystal. Pump powers were between 0.8 and 3.3 ...
microscopy and staining
... Zernike, a Dutch mathematical physicist. It is based on the principle that cells differ in refractive index (a factor by which light is slowed as it passes through a material) from their surroundings. Light passing through a cell thus differs in phase from light passing through its surroundings. Thi ...
... Zernike, a Dutch mathematical physicist. It is based on the principle that cells differ in refractive index (a factor by which light is slowed as it passes through a material) from their surroundings. Light passing through a cell thus differs in phase from light passing through its surroundings. Thi ...
Scanning joule expansion microscopy
Scanning Joule Expansion Microscopy is a form of scanning probe microscopy heavily based on atomic force microscopy that maps the temperature distribution along a surface. Resolutions down to 10 nm have been achieved and 1 nm resolution is theoretically possible. Thermal measurements at the nanometer scale are of both academic and industrial interest, particularly in regards to nanomaterials and modern integrated circuits.