Construction of a 408 nm Laser System for Use in Ion Interferometry
... and trap the atoms. It selectively traps only the 87 Sr isotope of strontium. The trap consists of 6 red-detuned laser beams originating from the 460.8 nm laser system described in Ref. [1]. These point from each of six orthogonal directions towards the center of the MOT. The dominant cooling effect ...
... and trap the atoms. It selectively traps only the 87 Sr isotope of strontium. The trap consists of 6 red-detuned laser beams originating from the 460.8 nm laser system described in Ref. [1]. These point from each of six orthogonal directions towards the center of the MOT. The dominant cooling effect ...
CARMENES in SPIE 2014. Building a fiber link for CARMENES
... consisting of two R ∼ 82000 echelle spectrographs, one for the visual range from 550 nm to 950 nm (VIS) and one for the near infrared range from 950 nm to 1700 nm (NIR). The main scientific goal of CARMENES is to look for planets within the habitable zones of 300 low-mass stars. The advantage of CAR ...
... consisting of two R ∼ 82000 echelle spectrographs, one for the visual range from 550 nm to 950 nm (VIS) and one for the near infrared range from 950 nm to 1700 nm (NIR). The main scientific goal of CARMENES is to look for planets within the habitable zones of 300 low-mass stars. The advantage of CAR ...
Microscopic Probing and Manipulation of Ultracold
... Currently, increasing experimental effort in the research field of ultracold atoms is directed towards the development of tools to probe and manipulate quantum gases with high spatial resolution [4, 5, 6, 7]. Access to the underlying physics at a microscopic scale is now within reach. In this thesis ...
... Currently, increasing experimental effort in the research field of ultracold atoms is directed towards the development of tools to probe and manipulate quantum gases with high spatial resolution [4, 5, 6, 7]. Access to the underlying physics at a microscopic scale is now within reach. In this thesis ...
3 PROGRAMMABLE APODIZERS AND FRESNEL LENSES pupils
... by Yzuel and Arlegui [Yzu80] and by Yzuel and Calvo [Yzu83]. Following their numerical method, to compute the diffraction integral in Eq. (3-8) the pupil is divided into area elements, and the integral becomes a finite sum of integrals over each element. The amplitude function and the phase function ...
... by Yzuel and Arlegui [Yzu80] and by Yzuel and Calvo [Yzu83]. Following their numerical method, to compute the diffraction integral in Eq. (3-8) the pupil is divided into area elements, and the integral becomes a finite sum of integrals over each element. The amplitude function and the phase function ...
Coherent x-rays: overview
... Stark, H., Ed. (1987). Image Recovery: Theory and Application. Orlando, Academic Press. A n excellent collection of articles - no longer new but it has not been superseded by anything else ESRF Lecture Series on Coherent X-rays and their Applications, Lecture 1, Malcolm Howells ...
... Stark, H., Ed. (1987). Image Recovery: Theory and Application. Orlando, Academic Press. A n excellent collection of articles - no longer new but it has not been superseded by anything else ESRF Lecture Series on Coherent X-rays and their Applications, Lecture 1, Malcolm Howells ...
Comparison of the structure in human skin and acquired
... this project are the cytokeratin 1, filaggrin and desmoglein1. Images of the lipids are also taken both by labeling with the lipophilic dye TopFluor and by CARS microscopy. The proteins on the other hand are labeled by the process known as indirect immunocytochemistry and imaged using confocal fluor ...
... this project are the cytokeratin 1, filaggrin and desmoglein1. Images of the lipids are also taken both by labeling with the lipophilic dye TopFluor and by CARS microscopy. The proteins on the other hand are labeled by the process known as indirect immunocytochemistry and imaged using confocal fluor ...
Limits of lithography - Proceedings of the IEEE
... intensity image has less than full modulation for the small features, the combination of high-contrast imaging material and good process (exposure dose) control can reliably produce subwavelength features. In this way, the improvements in imaging resists have lowered the value for . It is interestin ...
... intensity image has less than full modulation for the small features, the combination of high-contrast imaging material and good process (exposure dose) control can reliably produce subwavelength features. In this way, the improvements in imaging resists have lowered the value for . It is interestin ...
Adaptive Speckle Imaging Interferometry, a new technique for a
... ensemble of photon paths. This condition is normally met, since the scatterers move substantially and explore a significant fraction of all possible configurations during the measurement time. Thus time and ensemble averages are equivalent, a condition referred to as ergodicity. In other words, if t ...
... ensemble of photon paths. This condition is normally met, since the scatterers move substantially and explore a significant fraction of all possible configurations during the measurement time. Thus time and ensemble averages are equivalent, a condition referred to as ergodicity. In other words, if t ...
Light at work: The use of optical forces for particle manipulation
... the behavior of bigger objects with sizes up to tens of micrometers, coordinated action of many photons is required, which can be achieved only with a very highintensity light source such as a focused laser beam. When a particle whose optical density (refractive index) is higher than that of the sur ...
... the behavior of bigger objects with sizes up to tens of micrometers, coordinated action of many photons is required, which can be achieved only with a very highintensity light source such as a focused laser beam. When a particle whose optical density (refractive index) is higher than that of the sur ...
LD Didactic (LEYBOLD) Scientific Teaching Manual
... 2. Whereas up to a few years ago Nd:YAG lasers were state 4 to state 1 are prevented by very fast transitions almost excited using discharge lamps, optical pumpfrom state 4 to state 3 without radiation. The laser transiing with laser diodes is becoming more significant. tion takes place from level 3 ...
... 2. Whereas up to a few years ago Nd:YAG lasers were state 4 to state 1 are prevented by very fast transitions almost excited using discharge lamps, optical pumpfrom state 4 to state 3 without radiation. The laser transiing with laser diodes is becoming more significant. tion takes place from level 3 ...
OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS, OR APPARATUS (G02F takes
... array, e.g. frequency selective surfaces (for use with wavelengths longer than the infra-red light H01Q 15/0006)} Definition statement This place covers: Filters in which the spectral filtering is performed by a conductive grid or mesh. The background is that for microwave optics, there has long exi ...
... array, e.g. frequency selective surfaces (for use with wavelengths longer than the infra-red light H01Q 15/0006)} Definition statement This place covers: Filters in which the spectral filtering is performed by a conductive grid or mesh. The background is that for microwave optics, there has long exi ...
Optical Breakdown in Liquid Suspensions and Its Analytical
... [63–65]; however, the discrete structure of the laser spark column was not observed. Microsperical shockwaves in liquids were investigated [24] and numerical simulations have also been carried out. Such simulations and experimental data on plasma dynamics [64, 66] and shockwave formation [28, 64, 67 ...
... [63–65]; however, the discrete structure of the laser spark column was not observed. Microsperical shockwaves in liquids were investigated [24] and numerical simulations have also been carried out. Such simulations and experimental data on plasma dynamics [64, 66] and shockwave formation [28, 64, 67 ...
Get
... cavity mirrors, a very long effective optical path length could be reached with an enhancement factor of 2 × finesse/π, even though the cavity length is rather short. Another attractive property is its simplicity since few instruments can construct a CRDS setup and the lock of laser frequency to cav ...
... cavity mirrors, a very long effective optical path length could be reached with an enhancement factor of 2 × finesse/π, even though the cavity length is rather short. Another attractive property is its simplicity since few instruments can construct a CRDS setup and the lock of laser frequency to cav ...
Coherent population trapping resonances at lower atomic
... The essence of the phenomenon of coherent population trapping (CPT) consists in the fact that a multilevel quantum system subjected to decay processes is coherently driven into a superposition state immune from the further excitation, in which the system population is trapped. CPT is the basis of a ...
... The essence of the phenomenon of coherent population trapping (CPT) consists in the fact that a multilevel quantum system subjected to decay processes is coherently driven into a superposition state immune from the further excitation, in which the system population is trapped. CPT is the basis of a ...
PASSION FOR PRECISION
... classical radio wave. A coherent laser wave can have a well defined phase and amplitude, so that it must be possible to count the ripples of such a light wave. However, at a frequency near 500 000 billion oscillations per second, there are no electronic detectors and circuits fast enough to build an ...
... classical radio wave. A coherent laser wave can have a well defined phase and amplitude, so that it must be possible to count the ripples of such a light wave. However, at a frequency near 500 000 billion oscillations per second, there are no electronic detectors and circuits fast enough to build an ...
Fiber Waveguide
... the group velocities are equalized and the differences between the delay times of the modes are reduced. It is easy to understand qualitatively. Similar to the case of step-index fibers, the path is longer for more oblique rays. However, the ray velocity changes along the path because of variations ...
... the group velocities are equalized and the differences between the delay times of the modes are reduced. It is easy to understand qualitatively. Similar to the case of step-index fibers, the path is longer for more oblique rays. However, the ray velocity changes along the path because of variations ...
GEOMETRIC OPTICS
... object and image heights are measured perpendicular to the optical axis and , by convention , are considered positive when the object or image extends above the optical axis and negative , below the axis . for example : if the object height is + 6cm , and the image height is -3cm , thus the transver ...
... object and image heights are measured perpendicular to the optical axis and , by convention , are considered positive when the object or image extends above the optical axis and negative , below the axis . for example : if the object height is + 6cm , and the image height is -3cm , thus the transver ...
Part 1
... detrimental. For example, with a CuL source, a 50 nm feature must be exposed at a mask-tosubstrate gap of less than about 4 µm in order to maintain good process latitude. A 25 nm feature would require a gap of 1 µm. For such very small features, we eliminate the gap and use contact between the subst ...
... detrimental. For example, with a CuL source, a 50 nm feature must be exposed at a mask-tosubstrate gap of less than about 4 µm in order to maintain good process latitude. A 25 nm feature would require a gap of 1 µm. For such very small features, we eliminate the gap and use contact between the subst ...
Laser Ignition in Internal Combustion Engines
... 3.1.1. Laser ignition of hydrogen/air mixtures Fig. 3 depicts a pressure history of combustions for different mixtures (λ) at an initial chamber temperature of 473 K and an initial pressure of 1 MPa. Comparable pressure histories could be seen for higher initial pressures. λ is the so called air/fue ...
... 3.1.1. Laser ignition of hydrogen/air mixtures Fig. 3 depicts a pressure history of combustions for different mixtures (λ) at an initial chamber temperature of 473 K and an initial pressure of 1 MPa. Comparable pressure histories could be seen for higher initial pressures. λ is the so called air/fue ...
Variable xy-UV beam expander for high-power laser
... The LDI optical system contains an illumination module and a projection module. The job of the illumination module is to convert a Gaussian laser beam to a top-hat diffraction limited intensity distribution. This intensity distribution illuminates a spatial light modulator (SLM) which provides the d ...
... The LDI optical system contains an illumination module and a projection module. The job of the illumination module is to convert a Gaussian laser beam to a top-hat diffraction limited intensity distribution. This intensity distribution illuminates a spatial light modulator (SLM) which provides the d ...
- sfo
... In DFB lasers, the position of the grating relative to the output facets strongly influences the laser threshold and the optical spectrum. ϕ is the phase of the modulator output facet relative to the grating. The resolution of the complex oscillation condition (Eq. 4) gives the DFB modes (optical fr ...
... In DFB lasers, the position of the grating relative to the output facets strongly influences the laser threshold and the optical spectrum. ϕ is the phase of the modulator output facet relative to the grating. The resolution of the complex oscillation condition (Eq. 4) gives the DFB modes (optical fr ...
Biomedical Optical Imaging
... 1.3 Swept Source / Fourier Domain OCT Imaging using Swept Lasers Swept source / Fourier domain OCT is a complementary approach to spectral / Fourier domain OCT. Spectral / Fourier domain OCT uses a broadband light source and a spectrometer to measure interference as a function of wavelength or frequ ...
... 1.3 Swept Source / Fourier Domain OCT Imaging using Swept Lasers Swept source / Fourier domain OCT is a complementary approach to spectral / Fourier domain OCT. Spectral / Fourier domain OCT uses a broadband light source and a spectrometer to measure interference as a function of wavelength or frequ ...
Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (OTDR)
... transmitted through the PBS by 90° when passing the plate twice. Back-reflected light is therefore steered by the PBS towards the measurement detector. Afterwards the laser beam is coupled by a microscope objective (9) into the fiber, which is mounted in an XY holder allowing — in combination with t ...
... transmitted through the PBS by 90° when passing the plate twice. Back-reflected light is therefore steered by the PBS towards the measurement detector. Afterwards the laser beam is coupled by a microscope objective (9) into the fiber, which is mounted in an XY holder allowing — in combination with t ...
lab 1 GEO Optics
... fact that light travels in straight lines, and sketches similar to your (amended) sketches from the warm-up questions, to explain how the image changed as you moved the cover from the lens to the light source? ...
... fact that light travels in straight lines, and sketches similar to your (amended) sketches from the warm-up questions, to explain how the image changed as you moved the cover from the lens to the light source? ...
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP)
... By detecting analytes in their natural form, label-free detection removes the experimental uncertainty induced by the effect of the label and in general it measures the refractive index change (RI) induced by molecular interactions. The RI change is related to the sample concentration, while the det ...
... By detecting analytes in their natural form, label-free detection removes the experimental uncertainty induced by the effect of the label and in general it measures the refractive index change (RI) induced by molecular interactions. The RI change is related to the sample concentration, while the det ...
Confocal microscopy
Confocal microscopy is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of adding a spatial pinhole placed at the confocal plane of the lens to eliminate out-of-focus light. It enables the reconstruction of three-dimensional structures from the obtained images. This technique has gained popularity in the scientific and industrial communities and typical applications are in life sciences, semiconductor inspection and materials science.