Physics 323 Lecture Notes Part I: Optics
... reinforce each other, but where a crest and a trough coincide, the two waves actually cancel. This is illustrated in Figure 1.2. If light is a wave, two sources emitting waves in a synchronized fashion1 should produce a pattern of alternating bright and dark bands on a screen. Thomas Young tried the ...
... reinforce each other, but where a crest and a trough coincide, the two waves actually cancel. This is illustrated in Figure 1.2. If light is a wave, two sources emitting waves in a synchronized fashion1 should produce a pattern of alternating bright and dark bands on a screen. Thomas Young tried the ...
Optical interconnects: out of the box forever?
... in FR-4 laminate rises rapidly above 1 GHz, where it rapidly becomes larger than skin effect losses. Frequency-dependent losses reduce signal-to-noise ratio and introduce timing errors. At high data rates, where bit time is very small, even a miniscule timing error significantly reduces the timing m ...
... in FR-4 laminate rises rapidly above 1 GHz, where it rapidly becomes larger than skin effect losses. Frequency-dependent losses reduce signal-to-noise ratio and introduce timing errors. At high data rates, where bit time is very small, even a miniscule timing error significantly reduces the timing m ...
A Survivable Protection and Restoration Scheme using Wavelength
... Realization of colorless, self-reflective ONU for future WDM-PON are already demonstrated by various research groups exploiting reflective semiconductor optical amplifier (RSOA) [2-3], injection-locked Febry-Perot laser diode ( FP-LD) [4] and reflective electro-absorption modulator (R-EAM) [5]. None ...
... Realization of colorless, self-reflective ONU for future WDM-PON are already demonstrated by various research groups exploiting reflective semiconductor optical amplifier (RSOA) [2-3], injection-locked Febry-Perot laser diode ( FP-LD) [4] and reflective electro-absorption modulator (R-EAM) [5]. None ...
Get PDF - OSA Publishing
... linearized coupler equations (with ␥ = 0), we obtain the dispersion relation 2共兲 = 2 + C2 + 兩兩2 ± 2C关2 + 兩兩2 cos2共 / 2兲兴1/2. Slow-light propagation can be observed due to the reduction of the normalized group velocity 共vg = d / d兲 when the pulse frequency is tuned close to the bandgap edge, ...
... linearized coupler equations (with ␥ = 0), we obtain the dispersion relation 2共兲 = 2 + C2 + 兩兩2 ± 2C关2 + 兩兩2 cos2共 / 2兲兴1/2. Slow-light propagation can be observed due to the reduction of the normalized group velocity 共vg = d / d兲 when the pulse frequency is tuned close to the bandgap edge, ...
Doppler`s Effect, Gravity and Cosmology
... 3. Implications for the Theory of Gravity Now, of importance to our ideas of gravity is the fact that the Doppler effect does not involve the transformation of the time coordinate between the considered two frames of reference. Thus, time runs identically in the two frames of reference, of the sourc ...
... 3. Implications for the Theory of Gravity Now, of importance to our ideas of gravity is the fact that the Doppler effect does not involve the transformation of the time coordinate between the considered two frames of reference. Thus, time runs identically in the two frames of reference, of the sourc ...
A frequency stabilization method for diode lasers utilizing low
... have utilized this particular scheme in our laboratory, it is limited to very low feedback bandwidth 共⬃30 Hz兲 and cannot reduce short-term 共millisecond time scale兲 diode laser frequency jitter. It has been demonstrated that magneto-optical techniques can provide an effective tool for diode laser fre ...
... have utilized this particular scheme in our laboratory, it is limited to very low feedback bandwidth 共⬃30 Hz兲 and cannot reduce short-term 共millisecond time scale兲 diode laser frequency jitter. It has been demonstrated that magneto-optical techniques can provide an effective tool for diode laser fre ...
measuring wavelength discrimination threshold along the entire
... wavelength discrimination threshold. The heart of the equipment is a circular shape bi-partial disappearing sharp edge viewfield shown in a 4◦ viewfield. We project a given wavelength monochromatic reference light into one part and simultaneously a slightly different wavelength monochromatic measuri ...
... wavelength discrimination threshold. The heart of the equipment is a circular shape bi-partial disappearing sharp edge viewfield shown in a 4◦ viewfield. We project a given wavelength monochromatic reference light into one part and simultaneously a slightly different wavelength monochromatic measuri ...
U17301 - 3B Scientific
... The reflected rays, parallel to the optical axis, appear to start from one point on the right side behind the mirror. This point is referred to as the figure focus. The length of line VF determines the focal length f of the mirror. The radius of curvature can be obtained from the next formula. r f= ...
... The reflected rays, parallel to the optical axis, appear to start from one point on the right side behind the mirror. This point is referred to as the figure focus. The length of line VF determines the focal length f of the mirror. The radius of curvature can be obtained from the next formula. r f= ...
Lecture 24
... Emerging light from Polarizer 1 is linearly polarized with E along TA1. Light is incident on Polarizer 2 (analyzer) with a transmission axis TA2 at an angle θ to TA1. Detector measures the intensity of the incident light. ...
... Emerging light from Polarizer 1 is linearly polarized with E along TA1. Light is incident on Polarizer 2 (analyzer) with a transmission axis TA2 at an angle θ to TA1. Detector measures the intensity of the incident light. ...
Selective Trapping or Rotation of Isotropic Dielectric Microparticles
... Information). Similar results have been obtained for microparticle at various x-offsets, as shown in Figure 2d−f. These analyses confirm that under left-hand circularly polarized excitation, the PAS origin forms a stable near field optical trap for microspheres in the vicinity. Now we switch to a right ...
... Information). Similar results have been obtained for microparticle at various x-offsets, as shown in Figure 2d−f. These analyses confirm that under left-hand circularly polarized excitation, the PAS origin forms a stable near field optical trap for microspheres in the vicinity. Now we switch to a right ...
Large acceptance of non-collinear phase
... precisely control the direction of interactive waves and temperature of the crystal to satisfy phase- matching condition, quasi-phase-matching (QPM) [2–4] which involves a periodic modulation of second-order nonlinearity coefficient to supply the reciprocal vector Gm = 2π m/Λ (Λ, m) to compensate fo ...
... precisely control the direction of interactive waves and temperature of the crystal to satisfy phase- matching condition, quasi-phase-matching (QPM) [2–4] which involves a periodic modulation of second-order nonlinearity coefficient to supply the reciprocal vector Gm = 2π m/Λ (Λ, m) to compensate fo ...
RECOMMENDATION ITU-R BT.1201- Extremely high resolution
... The marginal value of the compression ratio at which the viewers will seldom notice image quality degradation after secondary distribution will be 15 to 30, as was indicated in Table 9. Additional reduction of the bit rates shall be possible by utilizing HVS (human visual sensitivity) characteristic ...
... The marginal value of the compression ratio at which the viewers will seldom notice image quality degradation after secondary distribution will be 15 to 30, as was indicated in Table 9. Additional reduction of the bit rates shall be possible by utilizing HVS (human visual sensitivity) characteristic ...
Optimizing Fluorescence Signal Quality
... fluorescence light intensities, thereby allowing the calculation of fluorescence ratios without interpolated values. Live Count: the light intensity observed by the photomultiplier tube. ...
... fluorescence light intensities, thereby allowing the calculation of fluorescence ratios without interpolated values. Live Count: the light intensity observed by the photomultiplier tube. ...
PDF Link
... We illustrate the relevance of the results presented here with two problems of spatial and temporal field distributions of common interest: coherent versus incoherent illumination in a microscope (Fig. 1) and, respectively, pulsed versus CW emission of a broadband laser (Fig. 2). Figure 1 illustrate ...
... We illustrate the relevance of the results presented here with two problems of spatial and temporal field distributions of common interest: coherent versus incoherent illumination in a microscope (Fig. 1) and, respectively, pulsed versus CW emission of a broadband laser (Fig. 2). Figure 1 illustrate ...
Observation of PT -Symmetry Breaking in Complex Optical
... allowed for effective losses below 15 cm1 . The sample was set to be 16 mm, which is approximately twice the coupling length (when no loss is present). The losses were engineered to vary in the range 0–40 cm1 as is shown in Fig. 3(c) along with the theoretically calculated losses using finite eleme ...
... allowed for effective losses below 15 cm1 . The sample was set to be 16 mm, which is approximately twice the coupling length (when no loss is present). The losses were engineered to vary in the range 0–40 cm1 as is shown in Fig. 3(c) along with the theoretically calculated losses using finite eleme ...
IX71/IX81 - Olympus Microscopy Resource Center
... ● A multi-band dichromatic mirror is normally used to obtain multicolor images of multiple stained fluorescent samples by using filter wheels on the excitation and absorption sides. However, this kind of mirror encounters the problem that each fluorescence image gets darker as the number of color dy ...
... ● A multi-band dichromatic mirror is normally used to obtain multicolor images of multiple stained fluorescent samples by using filter wheels on the excitation and absorption sides. However, this kind of mirror encounters the problem that each fluorescence image gets darker as the number of color dy ...
An introduction to medical imaging with coherent terahertz
... determined by the time delay of the probe beam, set by an optical delay stage. An entire THz pulse profile is reconstructed by scanning the optical delay line across the selected time-domain range at a number of discrete points. In the simplest case a spatial image is mapped pixel by pixel using X–Y ...
... determined by the time delay of the probe beam, set by an optical delay stage. An entire THz pulse profile is reconstructed by scanning the optical delay line across the selected time-domain range at a number of discrete points. In the simplest case a spatial image is mapped pixel by pixel using X–Y ...
OFC - GEOCITIES.ws
... Single Mode Step Index Fibre: Refractive index changes abruptly at the core-cladding boundary. Light travels along a single path i.e. along the axis. This fibre has low value of NA and Intermodal dispersion does not exist (only one mode exist). With careful choice of material, dimension and wavel ...
... Single Mode Step Index Fibre: Refractive index changes abruptly at the core-cladding boundary. Light travels along a single path i.e. along the axis. This fibre has low value of NA and Intermodal dispersion does not exist (only one mode exist). With careful choice of material, dimension and wavel ...
Untitled
... Abstracts Deadline: 4 February 2015 Advance Registration: 27 April 2015 The Digital Holography and Three-Dimensional Imaging meeting provides a forum for science, technology, and applications of digital holographic, and three-dimensional imaging and display methods. Topic areas include interferomet ...
... Abstracts Deadline: 4 February 2015 Advance Registration: 27 April 2015 The Digital Holography and Three-Dimensional Imaging meeting provides a forum for science, technology, and applications of digital holographic, and three-dimensional imaging and display methods. Topic areas include interferomet ...
Catching the wave - Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, IEEE
... point of view, power is exchanged between space charge waves (waves of velocity and density modulation) on the electron beam and the EM mode. This was my first introduction to the coupled-mode point of view (which I would apply and reapply in my subsequent research) and was the topic of my first pap ...
... point of view, power is exchanged between space charge waves (waves of velocity and density modulation) on the electron beam and the EM mode. This was my first introduction to the coupled-mode point of view (which I would apply and reapply in my subsequent research) and was the topic of my first pap ...
Miniaturized Fiber-Optic Fabry-Perot Interferometer for Highly
... chemical applications since density, concentration, temperature, and stress, and so on [1] can be detected through measurements of the refractive index. Many optical RI sensors have been employed in recent years, such as grating-based RI sensors [2]-[4] , fiber surface plasmon resonance (SPR) RI sen ...
... chemical applications since density, concentration, temperature, and stress, and so on [1] can be detected through measurements of the refractive index. Many optical RI sensors have been employed in recent years, such as grating-based RI sensors [2]-[4] , fiber surface plasmon resonance (SPR) RI sen ...
Understanding the concept of resolving power in the Fabry–Perot
... As we have explained before, the intensity pattern is a function of the wavelength. Each wavelength coming from a light source generates a set of light circles. The resolving power is a measure of the ability to discriminate between sets of circles generated by different wavelengths. Moreover, it is ...
... As we have explained before, the intensity pattern is a function of the wavelength. Each wavelength coming from a light source generates a set of light circles. The resolving power is a measure of the ability to discriminate between sets of circles generated by different wavelengths. Moreover, it is ...
New method for estimating the refractive index of optical materials in
... where n1 , n2 are the refractive indexes of air and glass, respectively, θ is the angle of incidence. To simulate the light scattering, the principles set out in [5] were used. Using the proposed methods, it was calculated the indicatrix of scattering of the optical elements with different refractiv ...
... where n1 , n2 are the refractive indexes of air and glass, respectively, θ is the angle of incidence. To simulate the light scattering, the principles set out in [5] were used. Using the proposed methods, it was calculated the indicatrix of scattering of the optical elements with different refractiv ...
The Polarization of Light
... elliptically polarized. There is a class of materials, crystals, that are birefringent; as the name implies there two indices of refraction, depending on direction of propagation and the direction the electric field points. The two indices are call the ordinary index (no ) and the extraordinary inde ...
... elliptically polarized. There is a class of materials, crystals, that are birefringent; as the name implies there two indices of refraction, depending on direction of propagation and the direction the electric field points. The two indices are call the ordinary index (no ) and the extraordinary inde ...
Applications of Surface Metrology to Issues in Art
... experiment to discern different brush hair types and different paint material by taking measurements using fine-scaled microscopes and analyzing the results using surface metrology software. As a result, we were able to discern different brush hair types from each other with 99.9% confidence level e ...
... experiment to discern different brush hair types and different paint material by taking measurements using fine-scaled microscopes and analyzing the results using surface metrology software. As a result, we were able to discern different brush hair types from each other with 99.9% confidence level e ...
Optical coherence tomography
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an established medical imaging technique that uses light to capture micrometer-resolution, three-dimensional images from within optical scattering media (e.g., biological tissue). Optical coherence tomography is based on low-coherence interferometry, typically employing near-infrared light. The use of relatively long wavelength light allows it to penetrate into the scattering medium. Confocal microscopy, another optical technique, typically penetrates less deeply into the sample but with higher resolution.Depending on the properties of the light source (superluminescent diodes, ultrashort pulsed lasers, and supercontinuum lasers have been employed), optical coherence tomography has achieved sub- micrometer resolution (with very wide-spectrum sources emitting over a ~100 nm wavelength range).Optical coherence tomography is one of a class of optical tomographic techniques. A relatively recent implementation of optical coherence tomography, frequency-domain optical coherence tomography, provides advantages in signal-to-noise ratio, permitting faster signal acquisition. Commercially available optical coherence tomography systems are employed in diverse applications, including art conservation and diagnostic medicine, notably in ophthalmology and optometry where it can be used to obtain detailed images from within the retina. Recently it has also begun to be used in interventional cardiology to help diagnose coronary artery disease. It has also shown promise in dermatology to improve the diagnostic process.