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Amalgam: A machine-learned generation module
Amalgam: A machine-learned generation module

... modularity of language in the human brain based on language impairment of individuals with various types of brain injury, and suggests that the engineering trade-offs made during system implementation might mirror evolutionary forces at work in the development of human language. The dominant paradig ...
Article 10: Cognitive Construction Grammar
Article 10: Cognitive Construction Grammar

... constructions as postulated by Goldberg, but they limit their power substantially. In this view, mini-constructions may form classes with other mini-constructions, establishing inheritance hierarchies containing more and less general patterns with different levels of semantic abstraction. This mean ...
the nature and classification of idioms
the nature and classification of idioms

... to tell someone where to get off, to bring the house down, to take it out on someone. The learner will have great difficulty here unless he has heard the idioms before. Even when they are used in context, it is not easy to detect the meaning exactly. To get off usually appears together with bus or b ...
Parsing Argumentation Structures in Persuasive Essays
Parsing Argumentation Structures in Persuasive Essays

... work, however, are micro-level approaches, which focus on relations between argument components. Mochales-Palau and Moens (2009) introduced one of the first approaches for identifying the microstructure of arguments. Their approach is based on a manually created context-free grammar (CFG) and recogn ...
Poetic language: a Minimalist theory
Poetic language: a Minimalist theory

... [. . . ] if literature is a distinctive use of language with its own very special and unusual codes and practices, it is accessible only to the few who who are in a position to acquire familiarity with those codes and practices. It is at best elitist and at worst solipsistic. But writers have tradit ...
Case Typology and Case Theory* 1. Overview of the Issues 2
Case Typology and Case Theory* 1. Overview of the Issues 2

... typologically significant. It seems to me, then, that at the earlier stages a broad based typology is preferable. Later narrow analyses can polish the broad strokes of the initial proposals. Thus, our approach to ergativity will not be informed, as recent analyses have been, by detailed analyses of ...
(Popescu), Roxana-Iuliana, Coordination and
(Popescu), Roxana-Iuliana, Coordination and

... logical - linguistic phenomena. The purpose of this thesis is to prove that there is an adequate common framework related to the description of the syntactic relations between sentences in language and that there are completions/adjuncts of some nuclei of a sentence which follow the logical structur ...
lexical and structural ambiguity in humorous headlines
lexical and structural ambiguity in humorous headlines

... 1990, 1992). However, this is usually done for the sake of entertainment alone and no attempt is made to analyze the linguistic characteristics that make these headlines funny. More over, not all them are funny because of formal linguistic reasons; in fact, most of them sound ridiculous because of o ...
UM_Sintaksis_(teorgrammatika)_022600_st
UM_Sintaksis_(teorgrammatika)_022600_st

... formal coincidence of subject-predicate structures and sentences is possible only with mono-valent verbs (such as to rain, to snow, to arrive, to sneeze, etc.). The most remarkable points of difference between phrases and sentences are as follows: 1) Sentences function as units of communication and ...
The ellipsis alternation: remnants with and without prepositions
The ellipsis alternation: remnants with and without prepositions

... wh-phrases from the first two corpora and then identified those that were instances of sluicing with PP correlates. Next, I identified those wh-phrases which were embedded in interrogative clauses as prepositional objects and selected those for which BAE remnants served as responses. These data cons ...
v. nominalization as a cohesive device in
v. nominalization as a cohesive device in

... Halliday and Hasan (2005: 1) specify that a text is a semantic unit of meaning and is realised by sentences. When the speaker of English comes across a passage which consists of more than one sentence, he/she can easily decide whether it makes a unified whole or is just an incoherent sequence of sen ...
The interpretation of copular constructions in Chinese: Semantic
The interpretation of copular constructions in Chinese: Semantic

... Huang et al. stress in a footnote that ‘‘One needs to distinguish the copular shi from the emphatic shi, which is permitted in this example. The most salient differences between the two morphemes are that the emphatic shi must be stressed in this context while the copular shi is typically not, and t ...
Topicalisation and Left-Dislocation in European Portuguese Robert
Topicalisation and Left-Dislocation in European Portuguese Robert

... Topicalisation (TOP) and clitic left-dislocation (CLLD) are syntactic strategies in which some constituent occurs sentence-initially rather than in canonical position further to the right. European Portuguese is exceptional among Romance languages, as both TOP and CLLD can be used to place verbal ar ...
Dwnst_eff._pred_FG_CW_
Dwnst_eff._pred_FG_CW_

... English. My personal preference is to choose the „compositional‟ method, since the choice of aspect, tense, mood and modality in a given underlying clause structure clearly has very similar effects to that of argument selection. And in such cases, it would be absurd to claim that we are dealing with ...
A Tree-to-Tree Model for Statistical Machine Translation Brooke
A Tree-to-Tree Model for Statistical Machine Translation Brooke

... S.M. Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology (2004) Submitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Science and Engineering at the ...
Filling Gaps: Decision principles and structure in sentence
Filling Gaps: Decision principles and structure in sentence

... notes that they assume that phrase structure rules are used to build up well­ formed deep structures. Construction of a legitimate deep structure will be blocked if a phrase occurs in a position where it could not be base-generated or if there is no phrase in the correct position in the input senten ...
University of Groningen Data-driven identification of fixed
University of Groningen Data-driven identification of fixed

... a more common concept in the literature (Fernando and Flavell, 1981; Nunberg et al., 1994). A non-transparent meaning is the manifestation of opacity. Thus, the more opaque the meaning of a fixed expression is, the more unpredictable it is. Fernando and Flavell (1981) compared the semantic unpredict ...
Chapter 4 Extragrammatical expression of
Chapter 4 Extragrammatical expression of

... evidentiality to the other TAM categories. The intricate relationship that especially involves modality does not provide conclusive results. But whatever scope of evidentiality one might have in mind, there are still significant empirical lessons that can be drawn from a comparison between what is e ...
IBM Research Report Deep Analysis of Biomedical Abstracts
IBM Research Report Deep Analysis of Biomedical Abstracts

... This paper reports on a new project in the domain of information discovery from medical abstracts. In order to discover relevant information, extraction of relations such as those between genes and the effects of drugs is crucial. Some relations can be extracted by shallow means; others require deep ...
Syntactic Theory: A Formal Introduction
Syntactic Theory: A Formal Introduction

... of π as 3, and everybody in the class no doubt laughed at their foolishness. Linguists regard prescriptive grammar as silly in just about that same way.1 So, if modern grammarians don’t worry about split infinitives and the like, then what do they study? It turns out that human languages are amazing ...
Optimizing Grammars for Minimum Dependency Length
Optimizing Grammars for Minimum Dependency Length

... length minimization has influenced the word order choices of basic English grammar. ...
An On-Line Computational Model of Human Sentence Interpretation
An On-Line Computational Model of Human Sentence Interpretation

... This dissertation presents a model of the human sentence interpretation process, which attempts to meet criteria of adequacy imposed by the different paradigms of sentence interpretation. These include the need to produce a high-level interpretation, to embed a linguistically motivated grammar, and ...
An On-line Computational Model of Human Sentence Interpretation
An On-line Computational Model of Human Sentence Interpretation

... of a sentence. Finally, the psychological paradigm, expressed here by Frazier, concerns itself with psychological modeling of the temporal processes which accompany human interpretation of language, and the expression of general principles which determine this processing. The goals and the domain of ...
An Analysis of Grammatical Errors in Writing
An Analysis of Grammatical Errors in Writing

... The students sometimes make errors on the use of grammar when they produce an English writing, also in writing narrative texts. It is because Indonesian and English have their own grammatical system. This study aims to identify the types of grammatical errors based on (Ho, 2005) theory of grammatica ...
Inheritance and Complementation: A Case Study of Easy Adjectives
Inheritance and Complementation: A Case Study of Easy Adjectives

... bears a feature SLASH whose value is a specification of the expected material. The SLASH specification is propagated by general principles (which we shall not elucidate) to the higher level constituents, until it is matched by a "filler" or a subcategorizing element. When the gappy constituent is ad ...
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Parsing

Parsing or syntactic analysis is the process of analysing a string of symbols, either in natural language or in computer languages, conforming to the rules of a formal grammar. The term parsing comes from Latin pars (orationis), meaning part (of speech).The term has slightly different meanings in different branches of linguistics and computer science. Traditional sentence parsing is often performed as a method of understanding the exact meaning of a sentence, sometimes with the aid of devices such as sentence diagrams. It usually emphasizes the importance of grammatical divisions such as subject and predicate.Within computational linguistics the term is used to refer to the formal analysis by a computer of a sentence or other string of words into its constituents, resulting in a parse tree showing their syntactic relation to each other, which may also contain semantic and other information.The term is also used in psycholinguistics when describing language comprehension. In this context, parsing refers to the way that human beings analyze a sentence or phrase (in spoken language or text) ""in terms of grammatical constituents, identifying the parts of speech, syntactic relations, etc."" This term is especially common when discussing what linguistic cues help speakers to interpret garden-path sentences.Within computer science, the term is used in the analysis of computer languages, referring to the syntactic analysis of the input code into its component parts in order to facilitate the writing of compilers and interpreters.
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