MICROSCOPY I: BRIGHT
... As light waves enter a medium from the air, they are slowed down, or retarded. On reemerging the light waves assume their original velocity. Since formed elements in living cells, such as chromosomes, generally have a higher refractive index than the surrounding cytoplasm, light passing through them ...
... As light waves enter a medium from the air, they are slowed down, or retarded. On reemerging the light waves assume their original velocity. Since formed elements in living cells, such as chromosomes, generally have a higher refractive index than the surrounding cytoplasm, light passing through them ...
Rogue solitons in optical fibers: a dynamical process in a
... NLS dynamics and the observed perturbed evolution is still unclear [31]. Exact solutions of integrable models are pivotal to explain the nonlinear stages of modulation instability (MI), which is observed under continuous wave excitation, but their properties (amplitude, finite background, periodic n ...
... NLS dynamics and the observed perturbed evolution is still unclear [31]. Exact solutions of integrable models are pivotal to explain the nonlinear stages of modulation instability (MI), which is observed under continuous wave excitation, but their properties (amplitude, finite background, periodic n ...
Laser - nptel
... veritable use of lasers possible is the highly collimated nature of the laser beams and the consequent possibility of delivering a very high energy density in a limited region of space. Depending on the material used for the active medium , lasers are broadly classified as (i) conventional or gas la ...
... veritable use of lasers possible is the highly collimated nature of the laser beams and the consequent possibility of delivering a very high energy density in a limited region of space. Depending on the material used for the active medium , lasers are broadly classified as (i) conventional or gas la ...
Document
... another, the rays cover equal distances after reflection and recombine on to silvered glass plate. At this stage the path difference is zero between two rays. They interfere constructively, the bright fringe appears. The movable mirror M 2 is moved a distance /4, one beam will travel an extra dist ...
... another, the rays cover equal distances after reflection and recombine on to silvered glass plate. At this stage the path difference is zero between two rays. They interfere constructively, the bright fringe appears. The movable mirror M 2 is moved a distance /4, one beam will travel an extra dist ...
Simultaneous trapping of low-index and high
... light trap and a dark trap in the same vicinity may be of interest for the trapping of cold atoms.19 For application purposes, it is of interest to know the absolute limits of particle size and refractive index that this technique affords. While there is no theoretical limit on the upper size limit ...
... light trap and a dark trap in the same vicinity may be of interest for the trapping of cold atoms.19 For application purposes, it is of interest to know the absolute limits of particle size and refractive index that this technique affords. While there is no theoretical limit on the upper size limit ...
High-Speed Switching of IR-LEDs
... compared to a single pulse operation. This depends strongly on the IR-LED junction temperature Tj (determined by e.g. operating conditions as well as thermal management, like the pcb type). Note: During a burst sequence the junction temperature rises. Subsequently the optical rise and especially the ...
... compared to a single pulse operation. This depends strongly on the IR-LED junction temperature Tj (determined by e.g. operating conditions as well as thermal management, like the pcb type). Note: During a burst sequence the junction temperature rises. Subsequently the optical rise and especially the ...
A nanometer notch filter with high rejection and throughput
... measurementswere collected, or that our portrayal of plate defects is not representative enough of the true defects, if indeed they are at all sufficiently measurable (cf., e.g., Ref. 7 for the contribution of the different types of plate defects). Future attempts will pay greater attention to elimi ...
... measurementswere collected, or that our portrayal of plate defects is not representative enough of the true defects, if indeed they are at all sufficiently measurable (cf., e.g., Ref. 7 for the contribution of the different types of plate defects). Future attempts will pay greater attention to elimi ...
Advanced Applications
... The second beam, the probe beam, will go through the gas cell and be detected by one port of a balanced detector. The frequency of this beam is identical to that of the pump beam but propagates in the opposite direction; thus the Doppler shift observed from this beam is of opposite sign. Hence, only ...
... The second beam, the probe beam, will go through the gas cell and be detected by one port of a balanced detector. The frequency of this beam is identical to that of the pump beam but propagates in the opposite direction; thus the Doppler shift observed from this beam is of opposite sign. Hence, only ...
Vanadium Dioxide - Vanderbilt`s ETD Server
... MECHANISMS OF NONLINEAR INDEX The nonlinear index can be observed via several mechanisms including electronic polarization, thermal effects, and electrostriction. Electronic nonlinearities arise due to the distortion of the electron cloud by the applied electric field. In dielectric materials, this ...
... MECHANISMS OF NONLINEAR INDEX The nonlinear index can be observed via several mechanisms including electronic polarization, thermal effects, and electrostriction. Electronic nonlinearities arise due to the distortion of the electron cloud by the applied electric field. In dielectric materials, this ...
The effect of detector size on the signal-to
... A confocal microscope may be converted into a polarization-sensitive instrument merely by placing a polar in the illumination path and a suitably crossed analyser in the detection path. The confocal microscope is particularly suitable for polarised light studies since it possesses an infinite extinc ...
... A confocal microscope may be converted into a polarization-sensitive instrument merely by placing a polar in the illumination path and a suitably crossed analyser in the detection path. The confocal microscope is particularly suitable for polarised light studies since it possesses an infinite extinc ...
HS-SCI-CP -- Chapter 15- Interference and
... at that location. When the light from the two slits combines destructively at a point on the viewing screen, a dark fringe appears at that location. When a white-light source is used to observe interference, the situation becomes more complicated. The reason is that white light includes waves of man ...
... at that location. When the light from the two slits combines destructively at a point on the viewing screen, a dark fringe appears at that location. When a white-light source is used to observe interference, the situation becomes more complicated. The reason is that white light includes waves of man ...
A Brief History of the Microscope and its Significance
... confocal microscope used in the ophthalmology clinic uses halogen lamps as a spatially incoherent light source. With spatially incoherent illumination, the phase relations between fields at nearby points are statistically random. Spatially coherent light sources have the important property that the ...
... confocal microscope used in the ophthalmology clinic uses halogen lamps as a spatially incoherent light source. With spatially incoherent illumination, the phase relations between fields at nearby points are statistically random. Spatially coherent light sources have the important property that the ...
Interferometry
Interferometry is a family of techniques in which waves, usually electromagnetic, are superimposed in order to extract information about the waves. Interferometry is an important investigative technique in the fields of astronomy, fiber optics, engineering metrology, optical metrology, oceanography, seismology, spectroscopy (and its applications to chemistry), quantum mechanics, nuclear and particle physics, plasma physics, remote sensing, biomolecular interactions, surface profiling, microfluidics, mechanical stress/strain measurement, and velocimetry.Interferometers are widely used in science and industry for the measurement of small displacements, refractive index changes and surface irregularities. In analytical science, interferometers are used in continuous wave Fourier transform spectroscopy to analyze light containing features of absorption or emission associated with a substance or mixture. An astronomical interferometer consists of two or more separate telescopes that combine their signals, offering a resolution equivalent to that of a telescope of diameter equal to the largest separation between its individual elements.