Resolution in Confocal Microscopy
... Rayleigh criteria [19] where we would consider the distance between the first diffraction minimum and the central maximum as being the resolution of the optical signal. Note that although there FWHM might be in the order of hundreds of nanometres, there are methods, based on biological experience, t ...
... Rayleigh criteria [19] where we would consider the distance between the first diffraction minimum and the central maximum as being the resolution of the optical signal. Note that although there FWHM might be in the order of hundreds of nanometres, there are methods, based on biological experience, t ...
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... guidance by the defect (c) and normal diffraction without the lattice (b) under the same bias condition. ...
... guidance by the defect (c) and normal diffraction without the lattice (b) under the same bias condition. ...
Optical Metrology vs SEM. Range, Accuracy, Repeatability
... preferred because they are performed with light, in transmission. Thus the results of optical metrology are consistent with the output of steppers. The success of virtual stepper software, which uses optical images in simulating stepper output, has demonstrated that optical images contain sufficient ...
... preferred because they are performed with light, in transmission. Thus the results of optical metrology are consistent with the output of steppers. The success of virtual stepper software, which uses optical images in simulating stepper output, has demonstrated that optical images contain sufficient ...
Numerical Analysis of Relative Phase and Amplitude at the
... means that the higher frequency components in the spectrum of impulses transmissions faster than lower frequency components [3-5]. Nonlinear characteristics of the fibers will appear at high field intensities. Highest density power in the downtown core and decline to the shell. Where the largest fie ...
... means that the higher frequency components in the spectrum of impulses transmissions faster than lower frequency components [3-5]. Nonlinear characteristics of the fibers will appear at high field intensities. Highest density power in the downtown core and decline to the shell. Where the largest fie ...
3.4-?m ZGP RISTRA nanosecond - AS
... single-frequency injection-seeded Nd:YAG laser that had a high-quality flat-topped spatial profile [15]. An important difference for the mid-IR system described here, aside from using ZGP and having longer pump, signal, and idler wavelengths, is that OPO and pump laser both oscillate on multiple lon ...
... single-frequency injection-seeded Nd:YAG laser that had a high-quality flat-topped spatial profile [15]. An important difference for the mid-IR system described here, aside from using ZGP and having longer pump, signal, and idler wavelengths, is that OPO and pump laser both oscillate on multiple lon ...
Apparatus and method for producing holograms with acoustic waves
... D’ at the angle 6 is representable as in = l/Ao sin '7 band ?lter 17. The center frequency of the ?lter is equal wherein A is the wavelength of the acoustic waves and to the frequency of the output of generator 7, i.e., the 'y is the angle between detection plane D'—-D’ and line frequency of the aco ...
... D’ at the angle 6 is representable as in = l/Ao sin '7 band ?lter 17. The center frequency of the ?lter is equal wherein A is the wavelength of the acoustic waves and to the frequency of the output of generator 7, i.e., the 'y is the angle between detection plane D'—-D’ and line frequency of the aco ...
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Extended depth-of-field iris recognition system for a
... Narayanswamy et al [9]. The optical transmission of the Wavefront Coded element is defined by a high-order separable function of the form P(x,y) = exp{-j[f(x) + g(y)]}, where f(x) and g(y) are high-order polynomials. One of the key steps in the design of the Wavefront Coded iris recognition system i ...
... Narayanswamy et al [9]. The optical transmission of the Wavefront Coded element is defined by a high-order separable function of the form P(x,y) = exp{-j[f(x) + g(y)]}, where f(x) and g(y) are high-order polynomials. One of the key steps in the design of the Wavefront Coded iris recognition system i ...
Techniques And Performance Of Intensity
... p-i-n structure; consequently the emphasis will be on this type of detector in the discussion below. Long wavelength—i.e., 1.3 and 1.55 m—avalanche photodiodes have been developed, but they have approximately an order of magnitude lower avalanche gain at the same excess noise factor than silicon ava ...
... p-i-n structure; consequently the emphasis will be on this type of detector in the discussion below. Long wavelength—i.e., 1.3 and 1.55 m—avalanche photodiodes have been developed, but they have approximately an order of magnitude lower avalanche gain at the same excess noise factor than silicon ava ...
Interferometry
Interferometry is a family of techniques in which waves, usually electromagnetic, are superimposed in order to extract information about the waves. Interferometry is an important investigative technique in the fields of astronomy, fiber optics, engineering metrology, optical metrology, oceanography, seismology, spectroscopy (and its applications to chemistry), quantum mechanics, nuclear and particle physics, plasma physics, remote sensing, biomolecular interactions, surface profiling, microfluidics, mechanical stress/strain measurement, and velocimetry.Interferometers are widely used in science and industry for the measurement of small displacements, refractive index changes and surface irregularities. In analytical science, interferometers are used in continuous wave Fourier transform spectroscopy to analyze light containing features of absorption or emission associated with a substance or mixture. An astronomical interferometer consists of two or more separate telescopes that combine their signals, offering a resolution equivalent to that of a telescope of diameter equal to the largest separation between its individual elements.