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... Intra-band transitions correspond to free electron effects of the Drude model. The sharp absorption lines from atoms (i.e. single resonance frequencies) give way to broad bands and hence absorption bands and not absorption frequencies. The plasma frequency corresponds to the edge where the reflectan ...
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... adequately covers the high reaction yield portions of the photosynthesis absorption spectrum thus requires a number of LEDs emitting at different wavelengths. Electrospell’s broadband SpectrafillTM LEDs generate light with spectral coverage that is especially suited to the photosynthesis requirement ...
Photon
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...  Photon: particle of light.  Photons carry energy and can have different amounts of energy.  Photons with high energy = light with high frequency.  Photons with low energy = light with low frequency.  Atoms can absorb or emit photons. ...
Lecture 24 (7.1-7.2)
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... – The energy profile of the emitted light could not be explained by the classical mechanics which assumes that the energy of an object can be continuously changed – Plank (1900) explained the energy profiles by assuming that the energy of an object can be changed only in discrete amounts (quanta) → ...
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... What fraction of the initial intensity emerges from the system? What is the polarization of the exiting light? • Through the first polarizer: unpolarized to polarized, so I1=½I0. •  Into the second polarizer, the light is now vertically polarized. Then, I2=I1cos260ο = 1/4 I1 =1/8 I0. • Now the light ...
Evolution phototrophic microorganism has resulted in a diversity of
Evolution phototrophic microorganism has resulted in a diversity of

... Groote Moost (51o18’N, 5o51 E’) were sampled from small rowing boats on 16 September 2005 and 16 September 2006, respectively. Water samples were taken at 1 m depth with a Ruttner water sampler (Hydro-Bios Apparatebau GmbH, Kiel, Germany). Measurement of light spectra At each sampling station, the i ...
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... • Calculated using tabulated experimentally determined dielectric function of silver at all frequencies. • True bound mode. • Guiding bandwidth exceeding 100THz. ...
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... • Not all energies exist, only certain allowed energy levels. • Electrons with more energy are able to get farther away from the nucleus and its + charges. • Therefore, electrons in higher energy levels spend more time farther away from the nucleus. • The higher energy levels are larger so they can ...
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... polarized incident light into linearly polarized light. The orientation of the linearly polarized light rotates an angle  after the light has passed through the magneto-optical material because of Faraday Effect. Then another polarization prism is used as an analyzer, which is 45 0 oriented with th ...
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... interference pattern. 2) A spotlight sends red light (wavelength 694.3 nm) to the moon. At the surface of the moon, which is 3.77 × 108 m away, the light strikes a reflector left there by astronauts. The reflected light returns to the earth, where it is detected. When it leaves the spotlight, the ci ...
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... at a frequency of 750 MHz. This is in the radio frequency and Hz = s-1. What is the wavelength of this light? An infrared absorption band occurs at a wavenumber of 812 cm-1. What is the wavelength (in mm) and energy (J/photon) of that light? What type of light involves transitions of inner shell ele ...
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... back in the 1920s, astronomers started classifying spectra into classes based primarily on the prominence of the H-beta Balmer absorption line. Those with most prominent H-beta were called class “A”, next “B” etc, up to O. ...
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... primary parameters namely intensity, frequency or wavelength, polarisation and phase. It travels in a straight line unless the space-time itself is curved or the path is altered by means of external optical components. Integrated optics is the miniaturised version of bulk optical functional blocks w ...
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... light’s characteristics; Albert Einstein proposed in 1905 that light has a dual nature (wave-like and particle-like) • Matter can gain or lose energy only in small, specific amounts called quanta •A quantum is the minimum amount of energy that can be gained or lost by an atom ...
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Magnetic circular dichroism

Magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) is the differential absorption of left and right circularly polarized (LCP and RCP) light, induced in a sample by a strong magnetic field oriented parallel to the direction of light propagation. MCD measurements can detect transitions which are too weak to be seen in conventional optical absorption spectra; they can also probe paramagnetic properties and the symmetry of the electronic levels of the studied systems, such as metal ion sites.
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