Limitations on reproductive success in endemic Aquilegia
... Such herbivory could also reduce the attractiveness of flowers to pollinators. Some herbivory also occurs on the vegetative parts of the plants, which may also impact on female fertility, although such herbivory probably has a much lower impact on maternal fertility than direct parasitism and predati ...
... Such herbivory could also reduce the attractiveness of flowers to pollinators. Some herbivory also occurs on the vegetative parts of the plants, which may also impact on female fertility, although such herbivory probably has a much lower impact on maternal fertility than direct parasitism and predati ...
A novel soil manganese mechanism drives plant species loss with
... The N amendment experiment was initiated in 2003 after exclusion of livestock grazing. Sixty-four plots (each 15 × 10 m) separated by 4 m wide buffer strips were established in an 8 × 8 Latin square experimental design. There were eight levels of N (urea) addition (0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 g N·m−2· ...
... The N amendment experiment was initiated in 2003 after exclusion of livestock grazing. Sixty-four plots (each 15 × 10 m) separated by 4 m wide buffer strips were established in an 8 × 8 Latin square experimental design. There were eight levels of N (urea) addition (0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 g N·m−2· ...
Rebuilding Global Fisheries - Department of Marine and Coastal
... where such data were available (see Fig. 1B for locations and fig. S2 and table S3 for full data set). We found that community trends averaged across all surveys (Fig. 4E) were broadly similar to the combined biomass trends seen in the recent assessments (Fig. 4A), with similar signatures of stabili ...
... where such data were available (see Fig. 1B for locations and fig. S2 and table S3 for full data set). We found that community trends averaged across all surveys (Fig. 4E) were broadly similar to the combined biomass trends seen in the recent assessments (Fig. 4A), with similar signatures of stabili ...
Assembly history dictates ecosystem functioning
... Pure cultures of 96 fungal species were isolated onto malt extract agar (12.5 g malt extract and 20 g agar in 1000 mL water) from a total of 143 fungal collections made over a 2-day period (11–12 May 2006) in a nearly monospecific Nothofagus solandri forest (Allen et al. 2000; Clinton et al. 2002) a ...
... Pure cultures of 96 fungal species were isolated onto malt extract agar (12.5 g malt extract and 20 g agar in 1000 mL water) from a total of 143 fungal collections made over a 2-day period (11–12 May 2006) in a nearly monospecific Nothofagus solandri forest (Allen et al. 2000; Clinton et al. 2002) a ...
DengBioDiversity.pdf
... Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to incorporate well-established ecological principles into a foodweb model consisting of four trophic levels — abiotic resources, plants, herbivores, and carnivores. The underlining principles include Kimura’s neutral theory of genetic evolution, Liebig’s Law o ...
... Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to incorporate well-established ecological principles into a foodweb model consisting of four trophic levels — abiotic resources, plants, herbivores, and carnivores. The underlining principles include Kimura’s neutral theory of genetic evolution, Liebig’s Law o ...
Pomacanthus arcuatus (Grey Angelfish)
... species may think that they are a difficult meal due to their wide shape. It is also easy for them to escape danger by easily fitting in narrow spaces within the corals. The larvae and young fishes ...
... species may think that they are a difficult meal due to their wide shape. It is also easy for them to escape danger by easily fitting in narrow spaces within the corals. The larvae and young fishes ...
Feeding behaviour of the bat Phyllostomus hastatus (Pallas 1767) in
... feeding on relatively hard fruits. In contrast, understory fruit bats, such as Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758), must be restricted to soft fruits (DUMONT, 1999). Hardness and size of fruits limit the use by Phyllostomid bats to small and medium size fruits. No observations of feeding behavio ...
... feeding on relatively hard fruits. In contrast, understory fruit bats, such as Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758), must be restricted to soft fruits (DUMONT, 1999). Hardness and size of fruits limit the use by Phyllostomid bats to small and medium size fruits. No observations of feeding behavio ...
An anatomy of interactions among species in a seasonal world
... one unstable. The latter requires threshold population densities for the species to avoid extinction at low populations and infinite growth at high populations (Wright 1989). Facilitation or engineering species Facilitation would mean that one species (F) facilitates the presence of another (G) that ...
... one unstable. The latter requires threshold population densities for the species to avoid extinction at low populations and infinite growth at high populations (Wright 1989). Facilitation or engineering species Facilitation would mean that one species (F) facilitates the presence of another (G) that ...
Population structure and species dynamics of Spisula
... and anthropogenic activities. Spisula solida is harvested commercially, whereas D. pugilator and B. lanceolatum are non-target species, with little information available on the population dynamics of these species. The study was performed in 2001e2002, and along a gradient of 100e5000 m from the coa ...
... and anthropogenic activities. Spisula solida is harvested commercially, whereas D. pugilator and B. lanceolatum are non-target species, with little information available on the population dynamics of these species. The study was performed in 2001e2002, and along a gradient of 100e5000 m from the coa ...
Decision Making for Food Choice by Grasshoppers
... ßorivorous at the end of the season. The other species studied (C. biguttulus (L.), C. albomarginatus (De Geer), and C. parallelus (Zetterstedt)) are all graminivorous. The importance of sugars, nitrogen content, sparteine (a quinolizidine alkaloid), and plant architecture in food selection was inve ...
... ßorivorous at the end of the season. The other species studied (C. biguttulus (L.), C. albomarginatus (De Geer), and C. parallelus (Zetterstedt)) are all graminivorous. The importance of sugars, nitrogen content, sparteine (a quinolizidine alkaloid), and plant architecture in food selection was inve ...
Commensal and parasitic Chironomidae
... space and fits perfectly in the region between the head and the limpet’s shell (ancyla= bent). We observed a living limpet, creeping upside down along a slide containing a pupa of Eukiefferiella, obviously without any restraint (fig. 4.10). This male pupa had nearly reached its emergence. The pulled ...
... space and fits perfectly in the region between the head and the limpet’s shell (ancyla= bent). We observed a living limpet, creeping upside down along a slide containing a pupa of Eukiefferiella, obviously without any restraint (fig. 4.10). This male pupa had nearly reached its emergence. The pulled ...
Spatial Variability Enhances Species Fitness in
... scales of both the spatial predator-predator and the preyprey correlations is reduced. This results in more localized patches of activity, presumably in the vicinity of regions where the local predation rates are smaller than their mean value. The system is thus able to accommodate a larger number o ...
... scales of both the spatial predator-predator and the preyprey correlations is reduced. This results in more localized patches of activity, presumably in the vicinity of regions where the local predation rates are smaller than their mean value. The system is thus able to accommodate a larger number o ...
The population dynamics of the mangrove Avicennia marina
... (e.g. Robertson et al., 1990), dispersal (e.g. Rabinowitz, 1978), seedling growth (e.g. Ball, 1988) and seedling predation (e.g. Smith, 1987) have been studies to explain distribution and abundance. Alone, these explanations may be inadequate because other life history stages may influence the overa ...
... (e.g. Robertson et al., 1990), dispersal (e.g. Rabinowitz, 1978), seedling growth (e.g. Ball, 1988) and seedling predation (e.g. Smith, 1987) have been studies to explain distribution and abundance. Alone, these explanations may be inadequate because other life history stages may influence the overa ...
Full text in pdf format
... depth gradient, and the community became dominated by polychaetes, nematodes and nemerteans. Seawards, within the relict sediments (deeper than 25 m), species richness and abundance decreased again. The community patterns also changed in response to the occurrence of strongly hydrodynamic episodes ( ...
... depth gradient, and the community became dominated by polychaetes, nematodes and nemerteans. Seawards, within the relict sediments (deeper than 25 m), species richness and abundance decreased again. The community patterns also changed in response to the occurrence of strongly hydrodynamic episodes ( ...
THE EVOLUTION OF SOCIALITY: PERACARID CRUSTACEANS AS
... and C. subinermis), growth rates did not differ between the two treatments. However, in two of the three species with maternal care (C. decipiens, C. scaura and C. monoceros), offspring growth rates increased significantly when the mothers were present (fig. 4). The author suggested that in C. scaur ...
... and C. subinermis), growth rates did not differ between the two treatments. However, in two of the three species with maternal care (C. decipiens, C. scaura and C. monoceros), offspring growth rates increased significantly when the mothers were present (fig. 4). The author suggested that in C. scaur ...
Comparative evolution of flower and fruit morphology
... sorting. Thus, we expect fruit traits in animal-dispersed plant species to exhibit low levels of diversification relative to flowers. Consistent with this expectation, a large percentage of animal-dispersed plant species have either red or black fruits (62– 66%, Wheelwright & Janson 1985) despite a ...
... sorting. Thus, we expect fruit traits in animal-dispersed plant species to exhibit low levels of diversification relative to flowers. Consistent with this expectation, a large percentage of animal-dispersed plant species have either red or black fruits (62– 66%, Wheelwright & Janson 1985) despite a ...
Comparative evolution of flower and fruit morphology
... sorting. Thus, we expect fruit traits in animal-dispersed plant species to exhibit low levels of diversification relative to flowers. Consistent with this expectation, a large percentage of animal-dispersed plant species have either red or black fruits (62– 66%, Wheelwright & Janson 1985) despite a ...
... sorting. Thus, we expect fruit traits in animal-dispersed plant species to exhibit low levels of diversification relative to flowers. Consistent with this expectation, a large percentage of animal-dispersed plant species have either red or black fruits (62– 66%, Wheelwright & Janson 1985) despite a ...
PDF Version - College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental
... hunting spider that actively searches for prey and may find more of the abundant pest species because of this trait. Grammonota and Erigone may build small sheet webs and may capture many tiny insects, especially aphids and leafhoppers, but little is known about their role in agroecosystems. Tetragn ...
... hunting spider that actively searches for prey and may find more of the abundant pest species because of this trait. Grammonota and Erigone may build small sheet webs and may capture many tiny insects, especially aphids and leafhoppers, but little is known about their role in agroecosystems. Tetragn ...
From Energy Gradient and Natural Selection to Biodiversity and
... foodwebs can give contradicting observations on biodiversity and productivity, in particular, all known functional forms -- positive, negative, sigmoidal, and unimodal correlations are present in the model; (b) drifting stable equilibria should be expected for ecosystems regardless of their size; (c ...
... foodwebs can give contradicting observations on biodiversity and productivity, in particular, all known functional forms -- positive, negative, sigmoidal, and unimodal correlations are present in the model; (b) drifting stable equilibria should be expected for ecosystems regardless of their size; (c ...
Resource Use Patterns Predict Long-Term Outcomes of
... We report the R of each monoculture as the average of the 13 measured nitrate concentrations that were collected between 1991 and 2002, excluding the 10 measurements that were taken between 1989 and 1990. In general, nitrate concentrations went down in these first 2 years and then either remained co ...
... We report the R of each monoculture as the average of the 13 measured nitrate concentrations that were collected between 1991 and 2002, excluding the 10 measurements that were taken between 1989 and 1990. In general, nitrate concentrations went down in these first 2 years and then either remained co ...
Article Parallelism and Epistasis in Skeletal
... both P. alepidotus and T. ukliva reads, with only 1.3% of zebrafish coding bases covered by just one species. Roughly 10% of zebrafish genes had no exons covered by P. alepidotus or T. ukliva reads (supplementary table S2, Supplementary Material online). These genes are significantly enriched for hi ...
... both P. alepidotus and T. ukliva reads, with only 1.3% of zebrafish coding bases covered by just one species. Roughly 10% of zebrafish genes had no exons covered by P. alepidotus or T. ukliva reads (supplementary table S2, Supplementary Material online). These genes are significantly enriched for hi ...
Further HOW TO BE A FIG 19104 Ficus
... dium to large stiff oval leaves that are shed synchronously and then immediately replaced once a year (giving the illusion of being "evergreen" even in deciduous forest habitats). The bark is smooth, gray, and epiphyte poor, and the trunk is fluted or otherwise contorted. Buttresses and surface roo ...
... dium to large stiff oval leaves that are shed synchronously and then immediately replaced once a year (giving the illusion of being "evergreen" even in deciduous forest habitats). The bark is smooth, gray, and epiphyte poor, and the trunk is fluted or otherwise contorted. Buttresses and surface roo ...
Ecological Modelling Mathematical model of livestock and
... state to tolerate livestock and wildlife simultaneously. For this to happen, the field needs a large usable area. If the field changes from a productive to a conservative use, the wildlife recovers well, but not as fast as in the previous scenario, since growth is limited by the availability of reso ...
... state to tolerate livestock and wildlife simultaneously. For this to happen, the field needs a large usable area. If the field changes from a productive to a conservative use, the wildlife recovers well, but not as fast as in the previous scenario, since growth is limited by the availability of reso ...
HOW TO BE A FIG - University of Pennsylvania
... ovipositor with the associated ability to oviposit in a floret with a style of any length is certainly possible, as demonstrated by the nonpollinator Sycophaga sycomori in Ficus sycomorus (39,44). I suspect that whenever intraspecific competition begins to select for longer ovipositors in pollinatin ...
... ovipositor with the associated ability to oviposit in a floret with a style of any length is certainly possible, as demonstrated by the nonpollinator Sycophaga sycomori in Ficus sycomorus (39,44). I suspect that whenever intraspecific competition begins to select for longer ovipositors in pollinatin ...
Ficus rubiginosa
Ficus rubiginosa, the rusty fig, Port Jackson fig, or little-leaf fig (damun in the Sydney language) is a species of flowering plant in the family Moraceae that is native to eastern Australia. It is a banyan of the genus Ficus which contains around 750 species worldwide in warm climates, including the common fig (Ficus carica). Ficus rubiginosa can grow to 30 m (100 ft) high and nearly as wide with a buttressed trunk, and glossy green leaves.