John Dove Isaacs III - National Academy of Sciences
... which would move them eastward toward Vancouver and eventually south along the California coast. The ice would take on a streamlined form as it moved, powered by a temperature-difference "engine"; and it would produce more water from rain than from ice melt. Eventually—somehow— the berg would be par ...
... which would move them eastward toward Vancouver and eventually south along the California coast. The ice would take on a streamlined form as it moved, powered by a temperature-difference "engine"; and it would produce more water from rain than from ice melt. Eventually—somehow— the berg would be par ...
The Large Marine Ecosystem network approach to
... For 29 of the LMEs, studies have been conducted on the principal driving forces affecting changes in biomass yields. Changes in biodiversity among the dominant species within fish communities of LMEs have resulted from excessive exploitation, naturally occurring environmental shifts in climate regime ...
... For 29 of the LMEs, studies have been conducted on the principal driving forces affecting changes in biomass yields. Changes in biodiversity among the dominant species within fish communities of LMEs have resulted from excessive exploitation, naturally occurring environmental shifts in climate regime ...
2. Challenges and Opportunities
... The adoption of important legislative measures on maritime safety, the latest being the third maritime safety package in 200923 has reduced the risk of shipping accidents. The Bonn and Lisbon Agreements24 have driven coordination between Member States on marine disaster preparedness and response. Th ...
... The adoption of important legislative measures on maritime safety, the latest being the third maritime safety package in 200923 has reduced the risk of shipping accidents. The Bonn and Lisbon Agreements24 have driven coordination between Member States on marine disaster preparedness and response. Th ...
EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, 21.11.2011
... The adoption of important legislative measures on maritime safety, the latest being the third maritime safety package in 200923 has reduced the risk of shipping accidents. The Bonn and Lisbon Agreements24 have driven coordination between Member States on marine disaster preparedness and response. Th ...
... The adoption of important legislative measures on maritime safety, the latest being the third maritime safety package in 200923 has reduced the risk of shipping accidents. The Bonn and Lisbon Agreements24 have driven coordination between Member States on marine disaster preparedness and response. Th ...
The power of plankton
... warmer. Water becomes less dense as it warms and is more likely to float without mixing with the cold, nutrient-rich waters below. The warm top layer of these stratified waters therefore contained reduced nutrients, reduced phytoplankton growth, and diminished pumping to the deep sea. As our climate ...
... warmer. Water becomes less dense as it warms and is more likely to float without mixing with the cold, nutrient-rich waters below. The warm top layer of these stratified waters therefore contained reduced nutrients, reduced phytoplankton growth, and diminished pumping to the deep sea. As our climate ...
The shelf edge - Ocean and Earth Science
... Off shelf, the slope-driven flow is geostrophic (i.e. slope is balanced by Coriolis) ...
... Off shelf, the slope-driven flow is geostrophic (i.e. slope is balanced by Coriolis) ...
Arrigo, K.R., G.v. Dijken, and S. Pabi, Impact of a shrinking Arctic ice
... by an average of 27.5 Tg C yr 1 each year between 2003 and 2007 (Figure 2d), with annual production in 2007 (513 Tg C yr 1) exceeding the 1998 –2002 mean (416 Tg C yr 1) by 23%. Despite its generally low rates of primary productivity (Figures 3a and 3b), the Siberian sector experienced the largest i ...
... by an average of 27.5 Tg C yr 1 each year between 2003 and 2007 (Figure 2d), with annual production in 2007 (513 Tg C yr 1) exceeding the 1998 –2002 mean (416 Tg C yr 1) by 23%. Despite its generally low rates of primary productivity (Figures 3a and 3b), the Siberian sector experienced the largest i ...
Bathymetry: Features and Hypsography - COLORS
... is often considered to be <200 m, but deeper shelves extending to 500 m commonly occur in polar regions north and south of 60° latitude including Antarctica and Greenland. The shelf break indicates the point where the continental shelf abruptly ends and the slope steepens dramatically in what is ref ...
... is often considered to be <200 m, but deeper shelves extending to 500 m commonly occur in polar regions north and south of 60° latitude including Antarctica and Greenland. The shelf break indicates the point where the continental shelf abruptly ends and the slope steepens dramatically in what is ref ...
Selected Papers No.15
... We may talk of the sea as a single entity, but it has various different facets. Here, I will not concern myself with what goes on beneath the seabed, but would like to consider the sea as a whole body of water. While the resources lying beneath the seabed are clearly important elements of maritime i ...
... We may talk of the sea as a single entity, but it has various different facets. Here, I will not concern myself with what goes on beneath the seabed, but would like to consider the sea as a whole body of water. While the resources lying beneath the seabed are clearly important elements of maritime i ...
Ocean Basins - University of Washington
... occurs when ocean crust carried down into Mantle (e.g., b and c above) basalt and sediment heated to form volcanic magma ...
... occurs when ocean crust carried down into Mantle (e.g., b and c above) basalt and sediment heated to form volcanic magma ...
the response of echinoderms to ocean acidification
... the aquarium walls, larval length at various time intervals, and degree of calcification. In doing so the three researchers report that just the opposite of what is often predicted actually happened, as the echinoderm larvae and juveniles were “positively impacted by ocean acidification.” More speci ...
... the aquarium walls, larval length at various time intervals, and degree of calcification. In doing so the three researchers report that just the opposite of what is often predicted actually happened, as the echinoderm larvae and juveniles were “positively impacted by ocean acidification.” More speci ...
tsunami - Pacific Disaster Net
... "harbour wave") is a series of waves, traveling at speeds of over 800 km/h in the deep ocean and often going unnoticed. They travel harmlessly until they reach the shallow water of a coastline where they slow down and steepen, cresting to heights of more than 10m and can crash with devastating force ...
... "harbour wave") is a series of waves, traveling at speeds of over 800 km/h in the deep ocean and often going unnoticed. They travel harmlessly until they reach the shallow water of a coastline where they slow down and steepen, cresting to heights of more than 10m and can crash with devastating force ...
Remote Sensing of the Diffuse Attenuation Coefficient and Related
... The main goal of the SeaWiFS ocean color mission was the assessment of the global climate change and its effects on the global carbon cycle (Hooker, Esaias et al. 1992). In this context, remote sensing of the marine chlorophyll concentration (CHL) and the diffuse attenuation of Photosynthetically Av ...
... The main goal of the SeaWiFS ocean color mission was the assessment of the global climate change and its effects on the global carbon cycle (Hooker, Esaias et al. 1992). In this context, remote sensing of the marine chlorophyll concentration (CHL) and the diffuse attenuation of Photosynthetically Av ...
All You Need to Know About Gyres
... c. Which direction does this Gyre typically rotate? In the Northern Hemisphere, ocean currents are deflected to the right, in a clockwise motion. In the Southern Hemisphere, ocean currents are pushed to the left, in a counterclockwise motion. d. What can be found at the center of this Gyre? A buildu ...
... c. Which direction does this Gyre typically rotate? In the Northern Hemisphere, ocean currents are deflected to the right, in a clockwise motion. In the Southern Hemisphere, ocean currents are pushed to the left, in a counterclockwise motion. d. What can be found at the center of this Gyre? A buildu ...
harmful algae news - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
... were rather uniform (Fig. 2), but higher in PMA-TCC (up to 25.0 °C) than in NP-LM (between 23.8 °C and 24.5 °C). Salinity ranged from 30.72 to 32.28 psu in PMA-TCC and from 33.78 to 34.01 psu in NP-LM. Nutrient concentrations were fairly low (maxima of 0.20 µM P for total phosphorus and 2.09 µM N fo ...
... were rather uniform (Fig. 2), but higher in PMA-TCC (up to 25.0 °C) than in NP-LM (between 23.8 °C and 24.5 °C). Salinity ranged from 30.72 to 32.28 psu in PMA-TCC and from 33.78 to 34.01 psu in NP-LM. Nutrient concentrations were fairly low (maxima of 0.20 µM P for total phosphorus and 2.09 µM N fo ...
Oceans of the World Moody Gardens Education Department Curriculum
... An ocean is a large body of salt water on the earth's surface. At the present time, about 70% of the earth's surface is covered by oceans, which have an average depth of 13,124 feet (4003 m). This may sound like a lot of water, but if you compare it to the diameter of the earth, it is actually a ver ...
... An ocean is a large body of salt water on the earth's surface. At the present time, about 70% of the earth's surface is covered by oceans, which have an average depth of 13,124 feet (4003 m). This may sound like a lot of water, but if you compare it to the diameter of the earth, it is actually a ver ...
Ocean Basins
... Sub-Environments on Continental Margins Continental shelf smooth, gently dipping (less than 0.1 degrees) land surface during lowstand of sea level glacial ice melted and flooded portion of continent Continental slope steep (more than 4 degrees), rough topography edge of continental crust submarine ...
... Sub-Environments on Continental Margins Continental shelf smooth, gently dipping (less than 0.1 degrees) land surface during lowstand of sea level glacial ice melted and flooded portion of continent Continental slope steep (more than 4 degrees), rough topography edge of continental crust submarine ...
PPT
... Sub-Environments on Continental Margins Continental shelf smooth, gently dipping (less than 0.1 degrees) land surface during lowstand of sea level glacial ice melted and flooded portion of continent Continental slope steep (more than 4 degrees), rough topography edge of continental crust submarine ...
... Sub-Environments on Continental Margins Continental shelf smooth, gently dipping (less than 0.1 degrees) land surface during lowstand of sea level glacial ice melted and flooded portion of continent Continental slope steep (more than 4 degrees), rough topography edge of continental crust submarine ...
Mise en page 1
... Amongst the most devastating marine catastrophes that can occur in areas prone to seismic and volcanic activity, are earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and submarine slides, all of which can lead to tsunamis and/or additional hazards which may seriously endanger human society. Many such events are know ...
... Amongst the most devastating marine catastrophes that can occur in areas prone to seismic and volcanic activity, are earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and submarine slides, all of which can lead to tsunamis and/or additional hazards which may seriously endanger human society. Many such events are know ...
Ocean Thermodynamics
... parameters up to a depth of 2000 m, and they are deployed in all the ocean basins to create a global network of Argo observations. From the earliest oceanographic explorations – the Indian Ocean Expeditions and the International Cooperative Investigations of the Tropical Atlantic (ICITA) – several n ...
... parameters up to a depth of 2000 m, and they are deployed in all the ocean basins to create a global network of Argo observations. From the earliest oceanographic explorations – the Indian Ocean Expeditions and the International Cooperative Investigations of the Tropical Atlantic (ICITA) – several n ...
Ocean Life Zones PPT - Lyndhurst School District
... MAJOR OCEAN LIFE ZONES: OCEANIC PROVINCE (DEEP-SEA) Ø fish adapted to darkness & scarcity of food Ø drift or are slow moving reduced bone & ...
... MAJOR OCEAN LIFE ZONES: OCEANIC PROVINCE (DEEP-SEA) Ø fish adapted to darkness & scarcity of food Ø drift or are slow moving reduced bone & ...
Chapter 1 Introduction – Planet, Oceans and Life
... 1.3 billion cubic kilometres of water (97 per cent of all water on Earth). But there are now about seven billion people on Earth. So we each have just one-fifth of a cubic kilometre of ocean to provide us with all the services that we get from the ocean. That small, one-fifth of a cubic kilometre sh ...
... 1.3 billion cubic kilometres of water (97 per cent of all water on Earth). But there are now about seven billion people on Earth. So we each have just one-fifth of a cubic kilometre of ocean to provide us with all the services that we get from the ocean. That small, one-fifth of a cubic kilometre sh ...
Essential Standard Marine Biology
... -Identify the evidence Wegner had to support continental drift theory: continents fit together like puzzle pieces, similar fossils are found on different continents, glaciers were once present on Africa, mountain ranges on different continents match up and coal deposits match up -Despite Wegener's e ...
... -Identify the evidence Wegner had to support continental drift theory: continents fit together like puzzle pieces, similar fossils are found on different continents, glaciers were once present on Africa, mountain ranges on different continents match up and coal deposits match up -Despite Wegener's e ...
FINAL Review activity
... 1. Many of the unique properties of water, such as cohesion and its reputation as a universal solvent, come from its atomic structure. What causes these properties? (Ch. 5, Section “The Water Molecule”) 2. Why does ocean temperature change little from day to night? (Ch. 5, Section “Water’s Thermal P ...
... 1. Many of the unique properties of water, such as cohesion and its reputation as a universal solvent, come from its atomic structure. What causes these properties? (Ch. 5, Section “The Water Molecule”) 2. Why does ocean temperature change little from day to night? (Ch. 5, Section “Water’s Thermal P ...
Impacts of climate change on the physical oceanography
... cool, nutrient rich oceanic waters at the surface. This section will explore how ocean warming forms a buoyant surface layer and how mixing can disperse the heat throughout the water column. Incoming solar radiation varies naturally by a few tenths of a percent due to dark sunspots and the 11-year s ...
... cool, nutrient rich oceanic waters at the surface. This section will explore how ocean warming forms a buoyant surface layer and how mixing can disperse the heat throughout the water column. Incoming solar radiation varies naturally by a few tenths of a percent due to dark sunspots and the 11-year s ...
Sea
A sea is a large body of salt water that is surrounded in whole or in part by land. More broadly, the sea (with the definite article) is the interconnected system of Earth's salty, oceanic waters—considered as one global ocean or as several principal oceanic divisions. The sea moderates Earth's climate and has important roles in the water cycle, carbon cycle, and nitrogen cycle. Although the sea has been travelled and explored since prehistory, the modern scientific study of the sea—oceanography—dates broadly to the British Challenger expedition of the 1870s. The sea is conventionally divided into up to five large oceanic sections—including the IHO's four named oceans (the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Arctic) and the Southern Ocean; smaller, second-order sections, such as the Mediterranean, are known as seas.Owing to the present state of continental drift, the Northern Hemisphere is now fairly equally divided between land and sea (a ratio of about 2:3) but the South is overwhelmingly oceanic (1:4.7). Salinity in the open ocean is generally in a narrow band around 3.5% by mass, although this can vary in more landlocked waters, near the mouths of large rivers, or at great depths. About 85% of the solids in the open sea are sodium chloride. Deep-sea currents are produced by differences in salinity and temperature. Surface currents are formed by the friction of waves produced by the wind and by tides, the changes in local sea level produced by the gravity of the Moon and Sun. The direction of all of these is governed by surface and submarine land masses and by the rotation of the Earth (the Coriolis effect).Former changes in the sea levels have left continental shelves, shallow areas in the sea close to land. These nutrient-rich waters teem with life, which provide humans with substantial supplies of food—mainly fish, but also shellfish, mammals, and seaweed—which are both harvested in the wild and farmed. The most diverse areas surround great tropical coral reefs. Whaling in the deep sea was once common but whales' dwindling numbers prompted international conservation efforts and finally a moratorium on most commercial hunting. Oceanography has established that not all life is restricted to the sunlit surface waters: even under enormous depths and pressures, nutrients streaming from hydrothermal vents support their own unique ecosystem. Life may have started there and aquatic microbial mats are generally credited with the oxygenation of Earth's atmosphere; both plants and animals first evolved in the sea.The sea is an essential aspect of human trade, travel, mineral extraction, and power generation. This has also made it essential to warfare and left major cities exposed to earthquakes and volcanoes from nearby faults; powerful tsunami waves; and hurricanes, typhoons, and cyclones produced in the tropics. This importance and duality has affected human culture, from early sea gods to the epic poetry of Homer to the changes induced by the Columbian Exchange, from Viking funerals to Basho's haikus to hyperrealist marine art, and inspiring music ranging from the shanties in The Complaynt of Scotland to Rimsky-Korsakov's ""The Sea and Sinbad's Ship"" to A-mei's ""Listen to the Sea"". It is the scene of leisure activities including swimming, diving, surfing, and sailing. However, population growth, industrialization, and intensive farming have all contributed to present-day marine pollution. Atmospheric carbon dioxide is being absorbed in increasing amounts, lowering its pH in a process known as ocean acidification. The shared nature of the sea has made overfishing an increasing problem.