Modeling of the Total Alkalinity and the Total Inorganic Carbon
... used to provide for the first time linear relationships estimating the total alkalinity (AT) and the total dissolved inorganic carbon (CT) from salinity in each Mediterranean basin and sub-basin at different depth layers. These correlations show that a substantial quantity of alkalinity is added to ...
... used to provide for the first time linear relationships estimating the total alkalinity (AT) and the total dissolved inorganic carbon (CT) from salinity in each Mediterranean basin and sub-basin at different depth layers. These correlations show that a substantial quantity of alkalinity is added to ...
APPLICATION FOR CONSENT TO CONDUCT MARINE SCIENTIFIC
... kHz) and 4 currentmeter lines fully equiped with currentmeters and temperature sensors, respectively 23, 48, 51, 58, 69 nm off the coast around 60°N, that is at nominal depth of 170, 500, 1000, 1700, and 1900 m. The moored instrument within its protection metal-frame is about 1m high above the botto ...
... kHz) and 4 currentmeter lines fully equiped with currentmeters and temperature sensors, respectively 23, 48, 51, 58, 69 nm off the coast around 60°N, that is at nominal depth of 170, 500, 1000, 1700, and 1900 m. The moored instrument within its protection metal-frame is about 1m high above the botto ...
Report of the 2011 Scientific Steering Committee Meeting
... The WG will continue to complete the papers for the MEPS special issue, and will continue studies of predator–prey interactions through comparisons of the different subarctic regions with a special emphasis on spatial dynamics. A workshop is planned at the next ESSAS annual science meeting to focus ...
... The WG will continue to complete the papers for the MEPS special issue, and will continue studies of predator–prey interactions through comparisons of the different subarctic regions with a special emphasis on spatial dynamics. A workshop is planned at the next ESSAS annual science meeting to focus ...
Seascapes are not landscapes: an analysis
... slowly in seawater than air. In the ocean, most organisms inspire seawater to extract oxygen from solution using specialized structures like gills. Oxygen is an important limiting habitat resource in the sea and most marine organisms seek out volumes of ocean liquid with the oxygen concentrations ne ...
... slowly in seawater than air. In the ocean, most organisms inspire seawater to extract oxygen from solution using specialized structures like gills. Oxygen is an important limiting habitat resource in the sea and most marine organisms seek out volumes of ocean liquid with the oxygen concentrations ne ...
Boiling Point
... from it, but the biggest surprise was the MAPR results. The sensors had detected, in the chemistry of the water, evidence for a recent underwater explosion. Further lab tests, the results of which were announced at the American Geophysical Union meeting in San Francisco last December, showed that th ...
... from it, but the biggest surprise was the MAPR results. The sensors had detected, in the chemistry of the water, evidence for a recent underwater explosion. Further lab tests, the results of which were announced at the American Geophysical Union meeting in San Francisco last December, showed that th ...
Fall 2011 - Ocean and Resources Engineering
... north along the west coast of the Island of Hawaii from the Kona International Airport. The hotel is a self contained resort with its own large convention center and adjacent shopping complex. The hotel complex has 1240 rooms, all of which the conference filled. ...
... north along the west coast of the Island of Hawaii from the Kona International Airport. The hotel is a self contained resort with its own large convention center and adjacent shopping complex. The hotel complex has 1240 rooms, all of which the conference filled. ...
Programme - The Future Ocean
... The sea-surface microlayer is the frontline which both separates and connects the forces and processes of the global ocean and atmosphere as these vast reservoirs adjust to the changes in environmental forcing associated with human activity. Almost all material transfer and much of the energy transf ...
... The sea-surface microlayer is the frontline which both separates and connects the forces and processes of the global ocean and atmosphere as these vast reservoirs adjust to the changes in environmental forcing associated with human activity. Almost all material transfer and much of the energy transf ...
Tsunami - LSJS-Year-6-wiki
... A Tsunami is a set of huge waves of water that are usually caused by earthquakes or volcanic eruptions. This happens when an underwater earthquake pushes the water upwards and creates a series of long waves that travel at approximately eight hundred kilometers per hour towards the seashore. The Tsun ...
... A Tsunami is a set of huge waves of water that are usually caused by earthquakes or volcanic eruptions. This happens when an underwater earthquake pushes the water upwards and creates a series of long waves that travel at approximately eight hundred kilometers per hour towards the seashore. The Tsun ...
Coastal Upwelling Feat From ROMS eatures over Arabian Sea From
... • Cd Dependence on stability (airsea temperature difference). More important for light wind situation For mid-latitude, the stability effect is usually small but in tropical and subtropical regions, it should be included. ...
... • Cd Dependence on stability (airsea temperature difference). More important for light wind situation For mid-latitude, the stability effect is usually small but in tropical and subtropical regions, it should be included. ...
Waves are moving energy
... When ocean waves encounter land • Deep water waves change to shallow water waves as they approach the shore • Once the wave passes over water whose depth is less than one half its wavelength, the wave “feels” the bottom • When this happens, the circular motion of the water molecules in the wave is ...
... When ocean waves encounter land • Deep water waves change to shallow water waves as they approach the shore • Once the wave passes over water whose depth is less than one half its wavelength, the wave “feels” the bottom • When this happens, the circular motion of the water molecules in the wave is ...
IJMS 45(5) 671-686
... interior of the southern Caspian Sea. In the COHERENS simulation, the different temperature between near coast areas and the interior area is about 14C. According to water surface temperature, from December to February there was a tangible temperature gradient from the south of the sea towards the ...
... interior of the southern Caspian Sea. In the COHERENS simulation, the different temperature between near coast areas and the interior area is about 14C. According to water surface temperature, from December to February there was a tangible temperature gradient from the south of the sea towards the ...
Chemical Oceanography - 106Thursday130-430
... A cold, highly saline, deep mass of water is very dense whereas a warm, less saline, surface water mass is less dense. When large water masses with different densities meet the denser water mass slips under the less dense mass. These responses to density are the reason for some of the deep ocean ci ...
... A cold, highly saline, deep mass of water is very dense whereas a warm, less saline, surface water mass is less dense. When large water masses with different densities meet the denser water mass slips under the less dense mass. These responses to density are the reason for some of the deep ocean ci ...
The Case for Special Protection of the Ross Sea
... number of species found in those places, which is a typical characteristic of high latitude biotas, its level of diversity is higher than that of many other polar areas,17 and thus it is of great interest to science. Antarctica generally, and the Ross Sea specifically, is an ideal location for study ...
... number of species found in those places, which is a typical characteristic of high latitude biotas, its level of diversity is higher than that of many other polar areas,17 and thus it is of great interest to science. Antarctica generally, and the Ross Sea specifically, is an ideal location for study ...
origin of tsunami
... the shoals, creates the sound of moving train or a flying airplane. • The receding water along the shore will have a speed which is double to that of approaching speed of that wave. ...
... the shoals, creates the sound of moving train or a flying airplane. • The receding water along the shore will have a speed which is double to that of approaching speed of that wave. ...
Yellow Sea East China Sea - North Pacific Marine Science
... with salt marsh, sand flat with gravel beach, sand dune ...
... with salt marsh, sand flat with gravel beach, sand dune ...
20 facts on ocean acidification
... bivalves (such as oysters, clams, and mussels), pteropods (free-swimming snails) and certain phytoplankton species fall into this group. But other marine organisms are also stressed by the higher CO2 and lower pH and carbonate ion levels associated with ocean acidification. ...
... bivalves (such as oysters, clams, and mussels), pteropods (free-swimming snails) and certain phytoplankton species fall into this group. But other marine organisms are also stressed by the higher CO2 and lower pH and carbonate ion levels associated with ocean acidification. ...
20 FACTS T
... bivalves (such as oysters, clams, and mussels), pteropods (free-swimming snails) and certain phytoplankton species fall into this group. But other marine organisms are also stressed by the higher CO2 and lower pH and carbonate ion levels associated with ocean acidification. ...
... bivalves (such as oysters, clams, and mussels), pteropods (free-swimming snails) and certain phytoplankton species fall into this group. But other marine organisms are also stressed by the higher CO2 and lower pH and carbonate ion levels associated with ocean acidification. ...
Oceans in the Balance
... environment, including those discharged from factories on land, pesticides and nutrients from agriculture, sewage, plastics, toxic chemicals and oil resulting from spills, and even radioactive discharges from nuclear power stations situated near the coast. Without clear rules and regulations to gove ...
... environment, including those discharged from factories on land, pesticides and nutrients from agriculture, sewage, plastics, toxic chemicals and oil resulting from spills, and even radioactive discharges from nuclear power stations situated near the coast. Without clear rules and regulations to gove ...
pices xv - North Pacific Marine Science Organization
... Widespread multi-annual-scale synchronies in population abundance and/or productivity variations have been apparent in marine ecosystems, most notably in the 1970s to mid-1980s. Some manner of climatic synchronizing agent seems required. Indeed the period from the early 1970s to mid-1980s was a peri ...
... Widespread multi-annual-scale synchronies in population abundance and/or productivity variations have been apparent in marine ecosystems, most notably in the 1970s to mid-1980s. Some manner of climatic synchronizing agent seems required. Indeed the period from the early 1970s to mid-1980s was a peri ...
The Baltic
... The Baltic- geography The Baltic Sea- shallow waters of the north part of Europe (separates Germany, Poland, Russia, Lithuana, Latvia, Estonia, Finland, Switzerland and Denmark). One of the youngest seas. It’s area is 415 266 km² and average depth is 52m. Salinity is 2– 12‰. Baltic neighbours wit ...
... The Baltic- geography The Baltic Sea- shallow waters of the north part of Europe (separates Germany, Poland, Russia, Lithuana, Latvia, Estonia, Finland, Switzerland and Denmark). One of the youngest seas. It’s area is 415 266 km² and average depth is 52m. Salinity is 2– 12‰. Baltic neighbours wit ...
25-3_gordon.pdf
... Southern Ocean until 1978. The survey of the Southwest Indian Ocean sector was filled in by R/V Conrad cruise 17 of 1974 (Figure 2a; Jacobs and Georgi, 1976), and the perennially ice-covered western Weddell Sea was surveyed in 1992 with the US-Russian Ice Station Weddell (Figure 2b; Gordon and Ice S ...
... Southern Ocean until 1978. The survey of the Southwest Indian Ocean sector was filled in by R/V Conrad cruise 17 of 1974 (Figure 2a; Jacobs and Georgi, 1976), and the perennially ice-covered western Weddell Sea was surveyed in 1992 with the US-Russian Ice Station Weddell (Figure 2b; Gordon and Ice S ...
The Ocean Floor - isd194 cms .demo. ties .k12. mn .us
... Composition of Ocean Water • The salinity of ocean water is 3.5% (for every 100mL of water 3.5 grams is salt) • Salt = dissolved elements in water, sodium and chlorine, most abundant-but there are many other salts, among them Mg, K, S, and Ca What do Sodium (Na) and Chlorine (Cl) combine to ...
... Composition of Ocean Water • The salinity of ocean water is 3.5% (for every 100mL of water 3.5 grams is salt) • Salt = dissolved elements in water, sodium and chlorine, most abundant-but there are many other salts, among them Mg, K, S, and Ca What do Sodium (Na) and Chlorine (Cl) combine to ...
Marine Acidification
... across the air-sea interface. Atmospheric CO2 levels then depend not only on CO2 release rates but also on rates of CO2 absorption by terrestrial and oceanic systems. This uptake can be substantial: oceans typically exchange ~ 100 GtC.yr-1 with the atmosphere, but currently draw down ~ 2 GtC.yr-1 mo ...
... across the air-sea interface. Atmospheric CO2 levels then depend not only on CO2 release rates but also on rates of CO2 absorption by terrestrial and oceanic systems. This uptake can be substantial: oceans typically exchange ~ 100 GtC.yr-1 with the atmosphere, but currently draw down ~ 2 GtC.yr-1 mo ...
Estimation of the Barrier Layer Thickness in the Indian Ocean using
... Mean Sea Surface Salinity & RMSE Aquarius is able to capture the seasonal cycle well in each of the three study regions. Seasonally large SSS deviations in the SEAS and BoB. EEIO SSS is stable throughout the year among the three data sets, with low monthly RMSE values (<0.4 PSU). ...
... Mean Sea Surface Salinity & RMSE Aquarius is able to capture the seasonal cycle well in each of the three study regions. Seasonally large SSS deviations in the SEAS and BoB. EEIO SSS is stable throughout the year among the three data sets, with low monthly RMSE values (<0.4 PSU). ...
Sea
A sea is a large body of salt water that is surrounded in whole or in part by land. More broadly, the sea (with the definite article) is the interconnected system of Earth's salty, oceanic waters—considered as one global ocean or as several principal oceanic divisions. The sea moderates Earth's climate and has important roles in the water cycle, carbon cycle, and nitrogen cycle. Although the sea has been travelled and explored since prehistory, the modern scientific study of the sea—oceanography—dates broadly to the British Challenger expedition of the 1870s. The sea is conventionally divided into up to five large oceanic sections—including the IHO's four named oceans (the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Arctic) and the Southern Ocean; smaller, second-order sections, such as the Mediterranean, are known as seas.Owing to the present state of continental drift, the Northern Hemisphere is now fairly equally divided between land and sea (a ratio of about 2:3) but the South is overwhelmingly oceanic (1:4.7). Salinity in the open ocean is generally in a narrow band around 3.5% by mass, although this can vary in more landlocked waters, near the mouths of large rivers, or at great depths. About 85% of the solids in the open sea are sodium chloride. Deep-sea currents are produced by differences in salinity and temperature. Surface currents are formed by the friction of waves produced by the wind and by tides, the changes in local sea level produced by the gravity of the Moon and Sun. The direction of all of these is governed by surface and submarine land masses and by the rotation of the Earth (the Coriolis effect).Former changes in the sea levels have left continental shelves, shallow areas in the sea close to land. These nutrient-rich waters teem with life, which provide humans with substantial supplies of food—mainly fish, but also shellfish, mammals, and seaweed—which are both harvested in the wild and farmed. The most diverse areas surround great tropical coral reefs. Whaling in the deep sea was once common but whales' dwindling numbers prompted international conservation efforts and finally a moratorium on most commercial hunting. Oceanography has established that not all life is restricted to the sunlit surface waters: even under enormous depths and pressures, nutrients streaming from hydrothermal vents support their own unique ecosystem. Life may have started there and aquatic microbial mats are generally credited with the oxygenation of Earth's atmosphere; both plants and animals first evolved in the sea.The sea is an essential aspect of human trade, travel, mineral extraction, and power generation. This has also made it essential to warfare and left major cities exposed to earthquakes and volcanoes from nearby faults; powerful tsunami waves; and hurricanes, typhoons, and cyclones produced in the tropics. This importance and duality has affected human culture, from early sea gods to the epic poetry of Homer to the changes induced by the Columbian Exchange, from Viking funerals to Basho's haikus to hyperrealist marine art, and inspiring music ranging from the shanties in The Complaynt of Scotland to Rimsky-Korsakov's ""The Sea and Sinbad's Ship"" to A-mei's ""Listen to the Sea"". It is the scene of leisure activities including swimming, diving, surfing, and sailing. However, population growth, industrialization, and intensive farming have all contributed to present-day marine pollution. Atmospheric carbon dioxide is being absorbed in increasing amounts, lowering its pH in a process known as ocean acidification. The shared nature of the sea has made overfishing an increasing problem.