Impacts of climate change on the physical oceanography
... a buoyant surface layer and how mixing can disperse the heat throughout the water column. Incoming solar radiation varies naturally by a few tenths of a percent due to dark sunspots and the 11-year solar cycle. Whilst these changes are small, they do influence climate variability. Increases in green ...
... a buoyant surface layer and how mixing can disperse the heat throughout the water column. Incoming solar radiation varies naturally by a few tenths of a percent due to dark sunspots and the 11-year solar cycle. Whilst these changes are small, they do influence climate variability. Increases in green ...
Projected changes in Arctic Ocean freshwater budgets
... analysis of sea ice transport and storage, ocean transport and storage, and net surface flux exchange. Simulated budgets for the late 20th century are compared to available observations, followed by an analysis of simulated changes from 1950 to 2050. The consistent theme over this period is an accel ...
... analysis of sea ice transport and storage, ocean transport and storage, and net surface flux exchange. Simulated budgets for the late 20th century are compared to available observations, followed by an analysis of simulated changes from 1950 to 2050. The consistent theme over this period is an accel ...
UNEP/EWWP7/Inf.2
... and local subsistence. More than half the world's margins and therefore monitoring these population lives within 60 km of the shoreline, and this waters should be a priority. The global ocean could rise to three-quarters by the year 2020. Many of the observing system being managed by the IOC has wor ...
... and local subsistence. More than half the world's margins and therefore monitoring these population lives within 60 km of the shoreline, and this waters should be a priority. The global ocean could rise to three-quarters by the year 2020. Many of the observing system being managed by the IOC has wor ...
Leeuwin Current - Perth Beachcombers Education Kit
... regions off southern Africa and Chile in summer. The Leeuwin Current is also responsible for the presence of true corals at the Abrolhos Islands and the transport of tropical marine species down the west coast and across into the Great Australian Bight. The ‘core’ of the Leeuwin Current can generall ...
... regions off southern Africa and Chile in summer. The Leeuwin Current is also responsible for the presence of true corals at the Abrolhos Islands and the transport of tropical marine species down the west coast and across into the Great Australian Bight. The ‘core’ of the Leeuwin Current can generall ...
The role of marine biota
... deep ocean to the upper ocean, single-handedly accounting for about threequarters of the biological production north of 30°S as shown by Sarmiento et al. (2004) and in figure 4.4b. As shown in table 4.2, the change in production north of 30°S relative to the removal of CO2 from the atmosphere, ΔProd ...
... deep ocean to the upper ocean, single-handedly accounting for about threequarters of the biological production north of 30°S as shown by Sarmiento et al. (2004) and in figure 4.4b. As shown in table 4.2, the change in production north of 30°S relative to the removal of CO2 from the atmosphere, ΔProd ...
Issue 2 - INDEEP
... Marine Policy (Issue not yet assigned) An era of expanding deep-ocean industrialization is before us, with policy makers establishing governance frameworks for sustainable management of deep-sea resources while scientists learn more about the ecological structure and functioning of the largest biome ...
... Marine Policy (Issue not yet assigned) An era of expanding deep-ocean industrialization is before us, with policy makers establishing governance frameworks for sustainable management of deep-sea resources while scientists learn more about the ecological structure and functioning of the largest biome ...
Control of salinity on the mixed layer depth in the world ocean
... the parameter being interpolated can be treated as a regionalized variable, which is true for BLT. One advantage of this geostatistical approach to interpolation is that kriging is an exact interpolator, which does not change any known values. Given the fact that Argo data now offer a very good cove ...
... the parameter being interpolated can be treated as a regionalized variable, which is true for BLT. One advantage of this geostatistical approach to interpolation is that kriging is an exact interpolator, which does not change any known values. Given the fact that Argo data now offer a very good cove ...
Atmosphere-Ocean Coupling and Surface Circulation of the Ocean
... vertical motion. Water or air in motion is advectively transporting heat or other properties of the fluid regardless of how the motion was initiated, whether through mechanical means (e.g., one moving air mass pushing another) or by gravity-driven convection. A simple analogy is the initiation of mo ...
... vertical motion. Water or air in motion is advectively transporting heat or other properties of the fluid regardless of how the motion was initiated, whether through mechanical means (e.g., one moving air mass pushing another) or by gravity-driven convection. A simple analogy is the initiation of mo ...
On the Southern Ocean CO2 uptake and the role of the biological
... concentration and future climate. As is the case for the nutrients, most of this uptake is transported northward out of the Southern Ocean and to depth by the formation of mode and intermediate waters [Mikaloff Fletcher et al., 2006], causing the most prominent accumulation of anthropogenic CO2 to oc ...
... concentration and future climate. As is the case for the nutrients, most of this uptake is transported northward out of the Southern Ocean and to depth by the formation of mode and intermediate waters [Mikaloff Fletcher et al., 2006], causing the most prominent accumulation of anthropogenic CO2 to oc ...
The 4th Asian/13th Korea-Japan Workshop on Ocean Color
... Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). To meet requirements from broad users (e.g., operational, research, modeling, etc.), we have proposed and now been routinely producing two VIIRS ocean color data streams, i.e., the near-realtime (NRT) and delayed science quality ocean color product data. The NRT ocean color ...
... Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). To meet requirements from broad users (e.g., operational, research, modeling, etc.), we have proposed and now been routinely producing two VIIRS ocean color data streams, i.e., the near-realtime (NRT) and delayed science quality ocean color product data. The NRT ocean color ...
Chapter 36 F Open Ocean Deep Sea
... Introduction to the open ocean deep sea The deep sea comprises the seafloor, water column and biota therein below a specified depth contour. There are differences in views among experts and agencies regarding the appropriate depth to delineate the “deep sea”. This chapter uses a 200 metre depth cont ...
... Introduction to the open ocean deep sea The deep sea comprises the seafloor, water column and biota therein below a specified depth contour. There are differences in views among experts and agencies regarding the appropriate depth to delineate the “deep sea”. This chapter uses a 200 metre depth cont ...
Downloaded
... ‘new production’ and is in effect that production available for export. Production that is based on nutrients that are recycled within the euphotic zone such as ammonia is not relevant here but is an important component of the total productivity often referred to simply as ‘primary production’. If o ...
... ‘new production’ and is in effect that production available for export. Production that is based on nutrients that are recycled within the euphotic zone such as ammonia is not relevant here but is an important component of the total productivity often referred to simply as ‘primary production’. If o ...
Sea - Ice Interactions
... Beaufort Sea, and a transpolar drift from Siberia towards Fram Strait, located between Spitsbergen and Greenland (see Physical Oceanography Overview). In the central part of the Arctic Sea we find the polar ice cap. It covers about 70 percent of the Arctic Sea. This ice is always several years old, ...
... Beaufort Sea, and a transpolar drift from Siberia towards Fram Strait, located between Spitsbergen and Greenland (see Physical Oceanography Overview). In the central part of the Arctic Sea we find the polar ice cap. It covers about 70 percent of the Arctic Sea. This ice is always several years old, ...
Equatorial ocean circulation in an extremely warm climate
... Locations of the paleoequator as determined by plate rotations [Engerbretson et al., 1985; Gripp and Gordon, 1990] are indicated below the latitude axis for various times in Cenozoic. A vertical upward arrow with crossbar indicates the estimated position (with error bar) of the 56 Ma equator after c ...
... Locations of the paleoequator as determined by plate rotations [Engerbretson et al., 1985; Gripp and Gordon, 1990] are indicated below the latitude axis for various times in Cenozoic. A vertical upward arrow with crossbar indicates the estimated position (with error bar) of the 56 Ma equator after c ...
Climate and ocean trends of potential relevance to
... Most studies (in New Zealand and internationally) that have attempted to correlate fish abundance or recruitment indices with climatic or oceanographic conditions have involved very limited statistical cross-validation or hypothesis testing of causal relationships. In New Zealand, some success has b ...
... Most studies (in New Zealand and internationally) that have attempted to correlate fish abundance or recruitment indices with climatic or oceanographic conditions have involved very limited statistical cross-validation or hypothesis testing of causal relationships. In New Zealand, some success has b ...
Introduction to Marine Science
... South America and is the first person to recognize the “New World” as a separate continent 1500’s Vasco Nunez de Balboa crossed the Isthmus of the Panama and discovered the Pacific Ocean on the other side and was the first European to sail into the Pacific 1519 Ferdinand Magellan led exploration ...
... South America and is the first person to recognize the “New World” as a separate continent 1500’s Vasco Nunez de Balboa crossed the Isthmus of the Panama and discovered the Pacific Ocean on the other side and was the first European to sail into the Pacific 1519 Ferdinand Magellan led exploration ...
Distribution of barium in the Weddell Gyre: Impact of circulation and
... the northern limb of the gyre with generally eastward flow, a θ maximum was observed as well, but it reaches only about 0.5 °C (Fig. 2). This is CDW that has been modified by mixing with waters above and below during its course through the Weddell Gyre. The θ maximum layer is separated from the base o ...
... the northern limb of the gyre with generally eastward flow, a θ maximum was observed as well, but it reaches only about 0.5 °C (Fig. 2). This is CDW that has been modified by mixing with waters above and below during its course through the Weddell Gyre. The θ maximum layer is separated from the base o ...
3. Strategy for an Observational Network for Ocean Acidification
... plankton are important food sources for higher trophic level marine organisms. In addition, increased CO2 and its concomitant changes in ocean chemistry may alter species composition and succession of primary producers and other microbes. Thus ocean acidification could have profound impacts on some ...
... plankton are important food sources for higher trophic level marine organisms. In addition, increased CO2 and its concomitant changes in ocean chemistry may alter species composition and succession of primary producers and other microbes. Thus ocean acidification could have profound impacts on some ...
pdf version - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
... world ocean. Perhaps nowhere on earth is climate change having as dramatic and rapid an effect as in the Arctic, where ice cover, ocean water circulation, geochemistry, and ecosystems are all responding to the pervasive rise in air and sea temperatures. These changing conditions will not only alter ...
... world ocean. Perhaps nowhere on earth is climate change having as dramatic and rapid an effect as in the Arctic, where ice cover, ocean water circulation, geochemistry, and ecosystems are all responding to the pervasive rise in air and sea temperatures. These changing conditions will not only alter ...
Pacific Islands Regional Ocean Policy
... At their 1999 meeting, Pacific Islands Forum Leaders endorsed a list of recommendations emerging from the Pacific Regional Follow-up Workshop on the Implementation of the Law of the Sea Convention, convened in Tonga in 1999. Although most of the recommendations could only be implemented by national ...
... At their 1999 meeting, Pacific Islands Forum Leaders endorsed a list of recommendations emerging from the Pacific Regional Follow-up Workshop on the Implementation of the Law of the Sea Convention, convened in Tonga in 1999. Although most of the recommendations could only be implemented by national ...
The NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer To Boldly Go…
... gov). An Initial Inquiry Lesson for each of the three themes leads student inquiries that provide an overview of key topics. A series of lessons for each theme guides student investigations that explore these topics in greater depth. In the future additional guides will be added to the Education Mat ...
... gov). An Initial Inquiry Lesson for each of the three themes leads student inquiries that provide an overview of key topics. A series of lessons for each theme guides student investigations that explore these topics in greater depth. In the future additional guides will be added to the Education Mat ...
Southern Ocean
The Southern Ocean, also known as the Antarctic Ocean or the Austral Ocean, comprises the southernmost waters of the World Ocean, generally taken to be south of 60° S latitude and encircling Antarctica. As such, it is regarded as the fourth-largest of the five principal oceanic divisions: smaller than the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans but larger than the Arctic Ocean. This ocean zone is where cold, northward flowing waters from the Antarctic mix with warmer subantarctic waters.By way of his voyages in the 1770s, Captain James Cook proved that waters encompassed the southern latitudes of the globe. Since then, geographers have disagreed on the Southern Ocean's northern boundary or even existence, considering the waters part of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans instead. This remains the current official policy of the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), since a 2000 revision of its definitions including the Southern Ocean as the waters south of the 60th parallel has not yet been adopted. Others regard the seasonally-fluctuating Antarctic Convergence as the natural boundary.